Abstract
Temperature is one of the major factors are being controlling and/or limiting growth and development of plants. The effect of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) (mixture of Azospirillum lipoferum, Paenibacillus polymyxa and Bacillus circulans), mycorrhizae (AM) and foliar application with glycine betaine (GB) at 0, 10 &15mmol/L individually or in combination on some growth aspects, photosynthetic pigments, microbial activities, minerals and some bioconstituents, endogenous phytohormones, flowering, fruiting and fruit quality of sweet pepper cv. California wander was studies during 2011 and 2012 seasons under open field at high temperature condition. Results indicated that, different applied treatments significantly increased most growth parameters as number of branches and leaves per plant, leaf area per plant, leaves and shoot dry weight per plant and leaf area ratio as well. Furthermore, photosynthetic pigments, NPK, total sugars and total free amino acids concentration in leaves recoded the maximum values when plants treated with PGPR, AM and foliar application with GB at 10 mmol/L as compared with those of individual application or untreated ones. Moreover, individual application with PGPR, AM and / or GB at 10 mmol/L enhanced the microbial activities in rhizosphere of the pepper plants compared with untreated ones. Also, biofertilizers and GB treatments increased auxin, gibberellin and cytokinin levels in sweet pepper shoots at 65 days after transplanting during 2012 season whereas abscisic acid was decreased. Moreover, the highest early and total yield were obtained when plants were sprayed with GB at 10 mmol/L and treated with microbial consortium (PGPR & AM). In addition, chemical composition of minerals and some bioconstituents such as total carbohydrates, vitamin C, total soluble solids in sweet pepper fruits were also increased at the same treatments. Hence, it could be recommended that foliar application with GB at 10 mmol/L in the presence of PGPR and AM as biofertilizers can be used to increase yield and fruit quality of sweet pepper plant when grown at high temperature condition.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Applied PGPR, mycorrhiza and glycine betaine treatments significantly increased the number of branches, number of leaves and leaf area per plant of sweet pepper.
- Taxon
- SWEET PEPPER
Capsicum annuumt0 - Treatment
- different applied treatmentse0
- Outcome
- number of branches and leaves per plant, leaf area per plante0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“SWEET PEPPER (Capsicum annuum L.)”
e0“different applied treatments significantly increased most growth parameters as number of branches and leaves per plant, leaf area per plant, leaves and shoot dry weight per plant and leaf area ratio as well”
Claim · model-written summary
Applied treatments significantly increased leaf and shoot dry weight per plant and leaf area ratio of sweet pepper.
- Taxon
- SWEET PEPPERCapsicum annuumt0
- Treatment
- different applied treatmentse0
- Outcome
- leaves and shoot dry weight per plant and leaf area ratioe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“SWEET PEPPER (Capsicum annuum L.)”
e0“different applied treatments significantly increased most growth parameters as number of branches and leaves per plant, leaf area per plant, leaves and shoot dry weight per plant and leaf area ratio as well”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf photosynthetic pigments and NPK concentrations of sweet pepper were highest when plants were treated with PGPR, AM and foliar GB at 10 mmol/L, compared with individual application or untreated plants.
- Taxon
- SWEET PEPPERCapsicum annuumt0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- PGPR, AM and foliar application with GB at 10 mmol/Le0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic pigments, NPKe0
- Direction
- maximum valuese0
- Comparator
- individual application or untreated onese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“SWEET PEPPER (Capsicum annuum L.)”
e0“photosynthetic pigments, NPK, total sugars and total free amino acids concentration in leaves recoded the maximum values when plants treated with PGPR, AM and foliar application with GB at 10 mmol/L as compared with those of individual application or untreated ones”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf total sugars and total free amino acids concentrations of sweet pepper were highest when plants were treated with PGPR, AM and foliar GB at 10 mmol/L, compared with individual application or untreated plants.
- Taxon
- SWEET PEPPERCapsicum annuumt0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- PGPR, AM and foliar application with GB at 10 mmol/Le0
- Outcome
- total sugars and total free amino acids concentratione0
- Direction
- maximum valuese0
- Comparator
- individual application or untreated onese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“SWEET PEPPER (Capsicum annuum L.)”
e0“photosynthetic pigments, NPK, total sugars and total free amino acids concentration in leaves recoded the maximum values when plants treated with PGPR, AM and foliar application with GB at 10 mmol/L as compared with those of individual application or untreated ones”
Claim · model-written summary
Individual application of PGPR, AM and/or GB at 10 mmol/L enhanced microbial activities in the rhizosphere of pepper plants compared with untreated plants.
Verbatim
e0“individual application with PGPR, AM and / or GB at 10 mmol/L enhanced the microbial activities in rhizosphere of the pepper plants compared with untreated ones”
Claim · model-written summary
Biofertilizer and GB treatments increased auxin, gibberellin and cytokinin levels in sweet pepper shoots at 65 days after transplanting in the 2012 season.
- Taxon
- SWEET PEPPERCapsicum annuumt0
- Organ / stage
- shootse0
- Treatment
- biofertilizers and GB treatmentse0
- Outcome
- auxin, gibberellin and cytokinin levelse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- at 65 days after transplanting during 2012 seasone0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“SWEET PEPPER (Capsicum annuum L.)”
e0“biofertilizers and GB treatments increased auxin, gibberellin and cytokinin levels in sweet pepper shoots at 65 days after transplanting during 2012 season whereas abscisic acid was decreased”
Claim · model-written summary
Biofertilizer and GB treatments decreased abscisic acid in sweet pepper shoots.
- Taxon
- SWEET PEPPERCapsicum annuumt0
- Organ / stage
- shootse0
- Treatment
- biofertilizers and GB treatmentse0
- Outcome
- abscisic acide0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“SWEET PEPPER (Capsicum annuum L.)”
e0“biofertilizers and GB treatments increased auxin, gibberellin and cytokinin levels in sweet pepper shoots at 65 days after transplanting during 2012 season whereas abscisic acid was decreased”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest early and total yield of sweet pepper were obtained when plants were sprayed with GB at 10 mmol/L and treated with the PGPR and AM microbial consortium.
- Taxon
- SWEET PEPPERCapsicum annuumt0
- Treatment
- sprayed with GB at 10 mmol/L and treated with microbial consortium (PGPR & AM)e0
- Outcome
- early and total yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“SWEET PEPPER (Capsicum annuum L.)”
e0“the highest early and total yield were obtained when plants were sprayed with GB at 10 mmol/L and treated with microbial consortium (PGPR & AM)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit total carbohydrates, vitamin C and total soluble solids of sweet pepper increased under the same treatments.
- Taxon
- SWEET PEPPERCapsicum annuumt0
- Organ / stage
- fruitse0
- Treatment
- same treatmentse0
- Outcome
- total carbohydrates, vitamin C, total soluble solidse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“SWEET PEPPER (Capsicum annuum L.)”
e0“chemical composition of minerals and some bioconstituents such as total carbohydrates, vitamin C, total soluble solids in sweet pepper fruits were also increased at the same treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit mineral composition of sweet pepper increased under the same treatments.
- Taxon
- SWEET PEPPERCapsicum annuumt0
- Organ / stage
- fruitse0
- Treatment
- same treatmentse0
- Outcome
- chemical composition of mineralse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“SWEET PEPPER (Capsicum annuum L.)”
e0“chemical composition of minerals and some bioconstituents such as total carbohydrates, vitamin C, total soluble solids in sweet pepper fruits were also increased at the same treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend foliar GB at 10 mmol/L together with PGPR and AM biofertilizers to increase yield and fruit quality of sweet pepper grown at high temperature.
- Taxon
- SWEET PEPPERCapsicum annuumt0
- Treatment
- foliar application with GB at 10 mmol/L in the presence of PGPR and AM as biofertilizerse0
- Outcome
- yield and fruit qualitye0
- Qualifier
- when grown at high temperature conditione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“SWEET PEPPER (Capsicum annuum L.)”
e0“foliar application with GB at 10 mmol/L in the presence of PGPR and AM as biofertilizers can be used to increase yield and fruit quality of sweet pepper plant when grown at high temperature condition”
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See all 66 papers →8 of 12 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.