Abstract
The present study was carried out during the summer seasons of 2017 and 2018 in Talkha city, Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt near El-Mansoura-Damietta highway and El Delta Company for Fertilizers and Chemical Industries, where lead (Pb) and copper (Cu) levels in the soil exceed the permissible levels. Therefore, the aim of this study was to alleviate the adverse effects of heavy metals (HMs) on tomato plant (Solanumlycopersicum L.) Super Strain B F1. Twelve treatments were conducted which were the interactions between two silicon (Si) foliar spraying (without or 300 ppm Si) and six soil amendments : 100% chemical fertilizers (CF), 50% farmyard manure (FYM), 100% FYM, 100% CF+ Trichoderma spp. (T.), 50% FYM + T. and 100% FYM + T. Data indicate that Pb and Cu were accumulated in tomato organs to hazardous levels in the following descending order : roots > shoots > fruits and shoots > roots > fruits, respectively which consequently severely reduced tomato plant growth and fruit yield and fruit quality. Results also, showed that the application of Si treatment sole or in combination with soil amendments markedly enhanced plant height, dry weight, total chlorophyll, number of fruits/plant, total yield/fed, Vitamin C, acidity %, TSS and taste index, where as, reduced Pb and Cu concentrations in different plant organs, bio-concentration factor (BCF) and translocation factor (TF). However, Si + FYM + T. treatment was superior in these respects, therefore increased the net return. Also, negative correlations were obtained between fruit yield and BCF of Pb or Cu and between taste index and TF of Pb or Cu.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Pb and Cu accumulated in tomato organs to hazardous levels, in the organ order reported.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume7 - Organ / stage
- roots > shoots > fruits and shoots > roots > fruitse7
- Outcome
- Pb and Cu were accumulated in tomato organse7
- Qualifier
- to hazardous levelse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“Pb and Cu were accumulated in tomato organs to hazardous levels in the following descending order : roots > shoots > fruits and shoots > roots > fruits, respectively which consequently severely reduced tomato plant growth and fruit yield and fruit quality”
Claim · model-written summary
Heavy metal (Pb and Cu) accumulation reduced tomato plant growth, fruit yield and fruit quality.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume7
- Material
- Super Strain B F1e1
- Treatment
- heavy metals (HMs)e1
- Outcome
- plant growth and fruit yield and fruit qualitye7
- Direction
- reducede7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“alleviate the adverse effects of heavy metals (HMs) on tomato plant (Solanumlycopersicum L.) Super Strain B F1”
e7“Pb and Cu were accumulated in tomato organs to hazardous levels in the following descending order : roots > shoots > fruits and shoots > roots > fruits, respectively which consequently severely reduced tomato plant growth and fruit yield and fruit quality”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar silicon enhanced plant height, dry weight and total chlorophyll of tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Material
- Super Strain B F1e1
- Treatment
- Si treatmente3
- Outcome
- plant height, dry weight, total chlorophylle3
- Direction
- enhancede3
- Comparator
- withoute2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“alleviate the adverse effects of heavy metals (HMs) on tomato plant (Solanumlycopersicum L.) Super Strain B F1”
e2“two silicon (Si) foliar spraying (without or 300 ppm Si)”
e3“application of Si treatment sole or in combination with soil amendments markedly enhanced plant height, dry weight, total chlorophyll, number of fruits/plant, total yield/fed, Vitamin C, acidity %, TSS and taste index”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar silicon enhanced the number of fruits per plant and total yield per feddan of tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Material
- Super Strain B F1e1
- Treatment
- Si treatmente3
- Outcome
- number of fruits/plant, total yield/fede3
- Direction
- enhancede3
- Comparator
- withoute2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“alleviate the adverse effects of heavy metals (HMs) on tomato plant (Solanumlycopersicum L.) Super Strain B F1”
e2“two silicon (Si) foliar spraying (without or 300 ppm Si)”
e3“application of Si treatment sole or in combination with soil amendments markedly enhanced plant height, dry weight, total chlorophyll, number of fruits/plant, total yield/fed, Vitamin C, acidity %, TSS and taste index”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar silicon enhanced Vitamin C, acidity and TSS of tomato fruit.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Material
- Super Strain B F1e1
- Treatment
- Si treatmente3
- Outcome
- Vitamin C, acidity %, TSSe3
- Direction
- enhancede3
- Comparator
- withoute2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“alleviate the adverse effects of heavy metals (HMs) on tomato plant (Solanumlycopersicum L.) Super Strain B F1”
e2“two silicon (Si) foliar spraying (without or 300 ppm Si)”
e3“application of Si treatment sole or in combination with soil amendments markedly enhanced plant height, dry weight, total chlorophyll, number of fruits/plant, total yield/fed, Vitamin C, acidity %, TSS and taste index”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar silicon enhanced the taste index of tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Material
- Super Strain B F1e1
- Treatment
- Si treatmente3
- Outcome
- taste indexe3
- Direction
- enhancede3
- Comparator
- withoute2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“alleviate the adverse effects of heavy metals (HMs) on tomato plant (Solanumlycopersicum L.) Super Strain B F1”
e2“two silicon (Si) foliar spraying (without or 300 ppm Si)”
e3“application of Si treatment sole or in combination with soil amendments markedly enhanced plant height, dry weight, total chlorophyll, number of fruits/plant, total yield/fed, Vitamin C, acidity %, TSS and taste index”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar silicon reduced Pb and Cu concentrations in different tomato plant organs.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- Si treatmente3
- Outcome
- Pb and Cu concentrations in different plant organse4
- Direction
- reducede4
- Comparator
- withoute2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“alleviate the adverse effects of heavy metals (HMs) on tomato plant (Solanumlycopersicum L.) Super Strain B F1”
e2“two silicon (Si) foliar spraying (without or 300 ppm Si)”
e3“application of Si treatment sole or in combination with soil amendments markedly enhanced plant height, dry weight, total chlorophyll, number of fruits/plant, total yield/fed, Vitamin C, acidity %, TSS and taste index”
e4“reduced Pb and Cu concentrations in different plant organs, bio-concentration factor (BCF) and translocation factor (TF)”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar silicon reduced bio-concentration factor and translocation factor of Pb and Cu in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- Si treatmente3
- Outcome
- bio-concentration factor (BCF) and translocation factor (TF)e4
- Direction
- reducede4
- Comparator
- withoute2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“alleviate the adverse effects of heavy metals (HMs) on tomato plant (Solanumlycopersicum L.) Super Strain B F1”
e2“two silicon (Si) foliar spraying (without or 300 ppm Si)”
e3“application of Si treatment sole or in combination with soil amendments markedly enhanced plant height, dry weight, total chlorophyll, number of fruits/plant, total yield/fed, Vitamin C, acidity %, TSS and taste index”
e4“reduced Pb and Cu concentrations in different plant organs, bio-concentration factor (BCF) and translocation factor (TF)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit yield of tomato was negatively correlated with the BCF of Pb or Cu.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Compound
- Pb or Cue5
- Outcome
- fruit yielde5
- Direction
- negativee5
- Qualifier
- BCFe5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“alleviate the adverse effects of heavy metals (HMs) on tomato plant (Solanumlycopersicum L.) Super Strain B F1”
e5“negative correlations were obtained between fruit yield and BCF of Pb or Cu and between taste index and TF of Pb or Cu”
Claim · model-written summary
Taste index of tomato was negatively correlated with the TF of Pb or Cu.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Compound
- Pb or Cue5
- Outcome
- taste indexe5
- Direction
- negativee5
- Qualifier
- TFe5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“alleviate the adverse effects of heavy metals (HMs) on tomato plant (Solanumlycopersicum L.) Super Strain B F1”
e5“negative correlations were obtained between fruit yield and BCF of Pb or Cu and between taste index and TF of Pb or Cu”
Claim · model-written summary
Si + FYM + T. treatment was superior in these respects to the other treatments.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- Si + FYM + T. treatmente6
- Outcome
- in these respectse6
- Direction
- superiore6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“alleviate the adverse effects of heavy metals (HMs) on tomato plant (Solanumlycopersicum L.) Super Strain B F1”
e6“Si + FYM + T. treatment was superior in these respects, therefore increased the net return”
Claim · model-written summary
Si + FYM + T. treatment increased the net return.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- Si + FYM + T. treatmente6
- Outcome
- net returne6
- Direction
- increasede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“alleviate the adverse effects of heavy metals (HMs) on tomato plant (Solanumlycopersicum L.) Super Strain B F1”
e6“Si + FYM + T. treatment was superior in these respects, therefore increased the net return”
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