Abstract
Silicon (Si) application can boost plant growth and physiology under heavy metal toxicity. The article aimed to investigate how the foliar and root application of silicon (Si) affects the uptake, translocation, and concentration of cadmium (Cd) for winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and in turn the plant's growth, physiology, and antioxidant enzyme activity, using a complete randomized block design (CRBD)? For this purpose, we used twelve treatments consisting of two levels of Si (0 and 3 mM Na2SiO3) against four levels of Cd (0, 50, 100, and 200 M CdCl2) with three replications. Results showed that all levels of Cd significantly enhanced membrane permeability measured as malonyldialdehyde (MDA) content, osmotic stress measured as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content, and triggered the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant system, resulting in a severe reduction in the growth of wheat seedlings. Besides, Si application either as root (SiR3) or foliar spray (SiF3) remarkably encountered Cd toxicity by furth er improving antioxidative enzymes activities, and by hindering Cd uptake, but more significant results were recorded for SiR3. Therefore, it might be established that Si root supplementation inhibited Cd translocation from root to shoot more effectively than foliar application, thereby lowering the potential health risk of Cd pollution.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
All cadmium levels significantly increased membrane permeability measured by MDA content and osmotic stress measured by hydrogen peroxide content.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- all levels of Cde0
- Outcome
- membrane permeability measured as malonyldialdehyde (MDA) content, osmotic stress measured as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) contente0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results showed that all levels of Cd significantly enhanced membrane permeability measured as malonyldialdehyde (MDA) content, osmotic stress measured as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content, and triggered the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant system, resulting in a severe reduction in the growth of wheat seedlings.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium triggered the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant system.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- all levels of Cde0
- Outcome
- enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systeme0
- Direction
- triggerede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results showed that all levels of Cd significantly enhanced membrane permeability measured as malonyldialdehyde (MDA) content, osmotic stress measured as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content, and triggered the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant system, resulting in a severe reduction in the growth of wheat seedlings.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium severely reduced wheat seedling growth.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- all levels of Cde0
- Outcome
- growth of wheat seedlingse0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Qualifier
- severee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results showed that all levels of Cd significantly enhanced membrane permeability measured as malonyldialdehyde (MDA) content, osmotic stress measured as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content, and triggered the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant system, resulting in a severe reduction in the growth of wheat seedlings.”
Claim · model-written summary
Root silicon application countered cadmium toxicity by improving antioxidative enzyme activity and hindering cadmium uptake.
- Taxon
- WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- root (SiR3)e0
- Outcome
- antioxidative enzymes activitiese0
- Direction
- improvinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Besides, Si application either as root (SiR3) or foliar spray (SiF3) remarkably encountered Cd toxicity by furth er improving antioxidative enzymes activities, and by hindering Cd uptake, but more significant results were recorded for SiR3.”
t0“WHEAT”
Claim · model-written summary
Root silicon hindered cadmium uptake.
- Taxon
- WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- root (SiR3)e0
- Outcome
- Cd uptakee0
- Direction
- hinderinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Besides, Si application either as root (SiR3) or foliar spray (SiF3) remarkably encountered Cd toxicity by furth er improving antioxidative enzymes activities, and by hindering Cd uptake, but more significant results were recorded for SiR3.”
t0“WHEAT”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar silicon improved antioxidative enzyme activity under cadmium toxicity.
- Taxon
- WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- foliar spray (SiF3)e0
- Outcome
- antioxidative enzymes activitiese0
- Direction
- improvinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Besides, Si application either as root (SiR3) or foliar spray (SiF3) remarkably encountered Cd toxicity by furth er improving antioxidative enzymes activities, and by hindering Cd uptake, but more significant results were recorded for SiR3.”
t0“WHEAT”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar silicon hindered cadmium uptake.
- Taxon
- WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- foliar spray (SiF3)e0
- Outcome
- Cd uptakee0
- Direction
- hinderinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Besides, Si application either as root (SiR3) or foliar spray (SiF3) remarkably encountered Cd toxicity by furth er improving antioxidative enzymes activities, and by hindering Cd uptake, but more significant results were recorded for SiR3.”
t0“WHEAT”
Claim · model-written summary
Root silicon gave more significant results than foliar silicon.
- Taxon
- WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- SiR3e0
- Outcome
- more significant resultse0
- Direction
- more significante0
- Comparator
- foliar spray (SiF3)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Besides, Si application either as root (SiR3) or foliar spray (SiF3) remarkably encountered Cd toxicity by furth er improving antioxidative enzymes activities, and by hindering Cd uptake, but more significant results were recorded for SiR3.”
t0“WHEAT”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors concluded that root silicon inhibited root-to-shoot cadmium translocation more effectively than foliar application.
- Taxon
- WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Si root supplementatione0
- Outcome
- Cd translocation from root to shoote0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Qualifier
- might be establishede0
- Comparator
- foliar applicatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Therefore, it might be established that Si root supplementation inhibited Cd translocation from root to shoot more effectively than foliar application, thereby lowering the potential health risk of Cd pollution.”
t0“WHEAT”
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