Abstract
Abstract Silicon (Si), as a quasi-essential element, has a vital role in alleviating the damaging effects of various environmental stresses on plants. Cadmium (Cd) stress is severe abiotic stress, especially in acidic ecological conditions, and Si can demolish the toxicity induced by Cd as well as acidic pH on plants. Based on these hypotheses, we demonstrated 2-repeated experiments to unfold the effects of Si as silica gel on the root morphology and physiology of wheat seedling under Cd as well as acidic stresses. For this purpose, we used nine treatments with three levels of Si nanoparticles (0, 1, and 3 mmol L −1 ) derived from sodium silicate (Na 2 SiO 3 ) against three concentrations of Cd (0, 50, and 200 µmol L −1 ) in the form of cadmium chloride (CdCl 2 ) with three replications were arranged in a complete randomized design. The pH of the nutrient solution was adjusted at 5. The averages of three random replications showed that the mutual impacts of Si and Cd in acidic pH on wheat roots depend on the concentrations of Si and Cd. The collective or particular influence of low or high levels of Si (1 or 3 mM) and acidic pH (5) improved the development of wheat roots, and the collective influence was more significant than that of a single parallel treatment. The combined effects of low or high concentrations of Cd (50 or 200 µM) and acidic pH significantly reduced root growth and biomass while increased antioxidants, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) contents. The incorporation of Si (1 or 3 mmol L −1 ) in Cd-contaminated acidic nutrient solution promoted the wheat root growth, decreased ROS contents, and further increased the antioxidants in the wheat roots compared with Cd single treatments in acidic pH. The demolishing effects were better with a high level of Si (3 mM) than the low level of Si (1 Mm). In conclusion, we could suggest Si as an effective beneficial nutrient that could participate actively in several morphological and physiological activities of roots in wheat plants grown under Cd and acidic pH stresses.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Si and Cd effects on wheat roots depended on their concentrations at acidic pH.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- concentrations of Si and Cde0
- Outcome
- mutual impacts of Si and Cd in acidic pH on wheat rootse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the mutual impacts of Si and Cd in acidic pH on wheat roots depend on the concentrations of Si and Cd”
Claim · model-written summary
Si at 1 or 3 mM and acidic pH improved wheat root development.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Si (1 or 3 mM) and acidic pH (5)e0
- Outcome
- development of wheat rootse0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The collective or particular influence of low or high levels of Si (1 or 3 mM) and acidic pH (5) improved the development of wheat roots”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined Si and acidic pH improved roots more than either treatment alone.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- collective influencee0
- Outcome
- development of wheat rootse1
- Direction
- more significante0
- Comparator
- single parallel treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the collective influence was more significant than that of a single parallel treatment”
e1“improved the development of wheat roots”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Cd with acidic pH significantly reduced root growth and biomass.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Cd (50 or 200 µM) and acidic pHe0
- Outcome
- root growth and biomasse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The combined effects of low or high concentrations of Cd (50 or 200 µM) and acidic pH significantly reduced root growth and biomass”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Cd with acidic pH increased root antioxidants.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Cd (50 or 200 µM) and acidic pHe0
- Outcome
- antioxidantse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The combined effects of low or high concentrations of Cd (50 or 200 µM) and acidic pH significantly reduced root growth and biomass while increased antioxidants, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) contents”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Cd with acidic pH increased root ROS contents.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Cd (50 or 200 µM) and acidic pHe0
- Outcome
- reactive oxygen species (ROS) contentse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The combined effects of low or high concentrations of Cd (50 or 200 µM) and acidic pH significantly reduced root growth and biomass while increased antioxidants, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) contents”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Si in Cd-contaminated acidic solution promoted wheat root growth versus Cd alone.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Si (1 or 3 mmol L −1 ) in Cd-contaminated acidic nutrient solutione0
- Outcome
- wheat root growthe0
- Direction
- promotede0
- Comparator
- Cd single treatments in acidic pHe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The incorporation of Si (1 or 3 mmol L −1 ) in Cd-contaminated acidic nutrient solution promoted the wheat root growth, decreased ROS contents, and further increased the antioxidants in the wheat roots compared with Cd single treatments in acidic pH”
Claim · model-written summary
Si in Cd-contaminated acidic solution decreased wheat root ROS versus Cd alone.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Si (1 or 3 mmol L −1 ) in Cd-contaminated acidic nutrient solutione0
- Outcome
- ROS contentse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- Cd single treatments in acidic pHe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The incorporation of Si (1 or 3 mmol L −1 ) in Cd-contaminated acidic nutrient solution promoted the wheat root growth, decreased ROS contents, and further increased the antioxidants in the wheat roots compared with Cd single treatments in acidic pH”
Claim · model-written summary
Si in Cd-contaminated acidic solution increased wheat root antioxidants versus Cd alone.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Si (1 or 3 mmol L −1 ) in Cd-contaminated acidic nutrient solutione0
- Outcome
- antioxidants in the wheat rootse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- Cd single treatments in acidic pHe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The incorporation of Si (1 or 3 mmol L −1 ) in Cd-contaminated acidic nutrient solution promoted the wheat root growth, decreased ROS contents, and further increased the antioxidants in the wheat roots compared with Cd single treatments in acidic pH”
Claim · model-written summary
Si alleviation was better at 3 mM than 1 mM.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- high level of Si (3 mM)e0
- Outcome
- demolishing effectse0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Comparator
- low level of Si (1 Mm)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The demolishing effects were better with a high level of Si (3 mM) than the low level of Si (1 Mm)”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest Si as a beneficial nutrient under Cd and acidic stress.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- Si as an effective beneficial nutriente0
- Qualifier
- under Cd and acidic pH stressese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we could suggest Si as an effective beneficial nutrient that could participate actively in several morphological and physiological activities of roots in wheat plants grown under Cd and acidic pH stresses”
The same questions in other papers
silicon atom · physiology: oxidative · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ
39 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- positive
37 papers more in this group
See all 41 papers →cadmium atom · physiology: oxidative · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ
42 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
43 papers more in this group
See all 47 papers →silicon atom · growth · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ
73 papers in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
- no effect
77 papers more in this group
See all 81 papers →cadmium atom · growth · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ
89 papers in the same direction as this paper · 20 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
106 papers more in this group
See all 110 papers →silicon atom · molecular: metabolites · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
31 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- positive
30 papers more in this group
See all 34 papers →cadmium atom · molecular: metabolites · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
29 papers in the same direction as this paper · 10 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
36 papers more in this group
See all 40 papers →ph · physiology: oxidative · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- negative
ph · molecular: metabolites · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
7 papers more in this group
See all 11 papers →8 of 12 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.