Abstract
Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) is an important legume crop. Investigations were undertaken to study the effect of seed hardening, seed pelleting and combined effect of seed hardening with seed pelleting on germination and seedling growth of cowpea under induced saline condition viz., EC4, EC8, EC12 and EC16. Cowpea seeds were hardened with KCl @ 1%, CaCl2 @ 1% and both KCl and CaCl2 @ 1% and hardened seeds were further pelleted with pungam leaf powder @ 100, 150 and 200 g kg-1 of seed. Observations on germination % and seedling parameters were recorded. The experimental results revealed that increased salinity reduced germination and seedling growth in terms of germination %, speed of germination, root length, shoot length, dry matter production and vigour index. However, hardening and pelleting treatments significantly increased all these parameters at all the levels of salinity when compared to control. Among the treatments, seeds hardened with KCl @ 1 % + CaCl2 @ 1 % and pelleted with pungam leaf powder @ 200 g per kg recorded higher germination % and all the seedling parameters when compared to control and other treatments.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing salinity reduced cowpea germination percentage and speed.
- Taxon
- Cowpea
Vigna unguiculatae1 - Treatment
- increased salinitye0
- Outcome
- germination %, speed of germinatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased salinity reduced germination and seedling growth in terms of germination %, speed of germination, root length, shoot length, dry matter production and vigour index.”
e1“Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing salinity reduced cowpea root and shoot length and dry matter production.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatae1
- Treatment
- increased salinitye0
- Outcome
- root length, shoot length, dry matter productione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased salinity reduced germination and seedling growth in terms of germination %, speed of germination, root length, shoot length, dry matter production and vigour index.”
e1“Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing salinity reduced cowpea vigour index.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatae1
- Treatment
- increased salinitye0
- Outcome
- vigour indexe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased salinity reduced germination and seedling growth in terms of germination %, speed of germination, root length, shoot length, dry matter production and vigour index.”
e1“Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)”
Claim · model-written summary
Hardening and pelleting significantly increased cowpea germination percentage and speed at all salinity levels versus control.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatae2
- Treatment
- hardening and pelleting treatmentse0
- Outcome
- germination %, speed of germinatione1
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- all the levels of salinitye0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“hardening and pelleting treatments significantly increased all these parameters at all the levels of salinity when compared to control.”
e1“germination %, speed of germination, root length, shoot length, dry matter production and vigour index.”
e2“Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)”
Claim · model-written summary
Hardening and pelleting significantly increased cowpea root and shoot length and dry matter production at all salinity levels versus control.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatae2
- Treatment
- hardening and pelleting treatmentse0
- Outcome
- root length, shoot length, dry matter productione1
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“hardening and pelleting treatments significantly increased all these parameters at all the levels of salinity when compared to control.”
e1“root length, shoot length, dry matter production”
e2“Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)”
Claim · model-written summary
Hardening and pelleting significantly increased cowpea vigour index at all salinity levels versus control.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatae2
- Treatment
- hardening and pelleting treatmentse0
- Outcome
- vigour indexe1
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“hardening and pelleting treatments significantly increased all these parameters at all the levels of salinity when compared to control.”
e1“vigour index.”
e2“Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)”
Claim · model-written summary
KCl and CaCl2 hardening followed by pungam leaf powder pelleting gave higher cowpea germination percentage than control and other treatments.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatae1
- Treatment
- KCl @ 1 % + CaCl2 @ 1 % and pelleted with pungam leaf powder @ 200 g per kge0
- Outcome
- germination %e0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- control and other treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seeds hardened with KCl @ 1 % + CaCl2 @ 1 % and pelleted with pungam leaf powder @ 200 g per kg recorded higher germination % and all the seedling parameters when compared to control and other treatments.”
e1“Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)”
Claim · model-written summary
KCl and CaCl2 hardening followed by pungam leaf powder pelleting gave higher cowpea seedling parameters than control and other treatments.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatae1
- Treatment
- KCl @ 1 % + CaCl2 @ 1 % and pelleted with pungam leaf powder @ 200 g per kge0
- Outcome
- all the seedling parameterse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- control and other treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seeds hardened with KCl @ 1 % + CaCl2 @ 1 % and pelleted with pungam leaf powder @ 200 g per kg recorded higher germination % and all the seedling parameters when compared to control and other treatments.”
e1“Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)”
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See all 105 papers →8 of 9 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.