Abstract
Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium solani, F. oxysporum and Macrophomina phaseolina were found to be associated with root rot and/or wilt symptoms of faba bean plants collected from different fields in New Valley Governorate, Egypt. All the obtained isolates were able to attack faba bean plants (cv. Giza 40) causing dampingoff, root rot and wilt diseases. Pathogenicity test revealed that five isolates, i.e. two of R. solani (No. 2 and 5), one of F. solani (No. 8), one of F. oxysporum (No. 12) and one of M. phaseolina (No. 14), were the most virulent ones on faba bean plants. The bioagents Bacillus megaterium and Trichoderma viride as well as the inducer chemicals salicylic acid and hydrogen peroxide were examined, either individually or in combinations, for controlling damping-off, root rot and/or wilt diseases, in addition to their in vitro and in vivo effects as growth promotions on faba bean plants. All bioagents and inducer chemicals applied either individually or incombinations, inhibited the growth of the tested pathogenic fungi. Bioagents combined with inducer chemicals recorded the highest inhibition, especially in case of SA + T. viride and SA + B. megaterium. Under greenhouse and field conditions, all treatments significantly reduced damping-off, root rot and/or wilt diseases and increased the survived plants. Also, in pots experiment, tested treatments increased fresh and dry weight of the survived plants compared to the control treatment. Moreover, combinations of the tested bioagents and inducer chemicals were more effective than using each of them individually. Treatment of SA + T. viride recorded the best results in this respect. Under field conditions, all tested treatments significantly increased growth parameters (plant height and No. of branches/plant) and yield components (No. of pods and seeds/ plant, weight of 100 seeds and total yield/feddan) and protein content in both growing seasons of 2010/11 and 2011/12. Faba bean seeds soaked in SA + T. viride and SA + B. megaterium recorded the highest growth parameters and yield components. Generally, the combination between the bioagents and inducer chemicals recoded the best results for controlling damping-off, root rot and wilt diseases under the greenhouse and the field conditions, in addition to improve plant growth and increase yield components, protein content in seeds under field conditions.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium solani, F. oxysporum and Macrophomina phaseolina were associated with root rot and/or wilt symptoms of faba bean plants collected in New Valley Governorate, Egypt.
- Taxon
- faba bean plants
Vicia fabae1 - Interactor
- Rhizoctonia solani
Rhizoctonia solanie1pathogen - Outcome
- associated with root rot and/or wilt symptomse1
- Qualifier
- Fusarium solani, F. oxysporum and Macrophomina phaseolinae1
- Setting
- New Valley Governorate, Egypte1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium solani, F. oxysporum and Macrophomina phaseolina were found to be associated with root rot and/or wilt symptoms of faba bean plants collected from different fields in New Valley Governorate, Egypt”
Claim · model-written summary
All isolates obtained were able to attack faba bean cv. Giza 40, causing damping-off, root rot and wilt diseases.
- Taxon
- faba bean plantsVicia fabae2
- Material
- cv. Giza 40e2
- Interactor
- obtained isolatese2pathogen
- Outcome
- dampingoff, root rot and wilt diseasese2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“All the obtained isolates were able to attack faba bean plants (cv. Giza 40) causing dampingoff, root rot and wilt diseases”
Claim · model-written summary
Five isolates (two R. solani, one F. solani, one F. oxysporum and one M. phaseolina) were the most virulent on faba bean plants.
- Taxon
- faba bean plantsVicia fabae3
- Interactor
- R. solaniRhizoctonia solanie3pathogen
- Outcome
- the most virulent onese3
- Qualifier
- two of R. solani (No. 2 and 5), one of F. solani (No. 8), one of F. oxysporum (No. 12) and one of M. phaseolina (No. 14)e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Pathogenicity test revealed that five isolates, i.e. two of R. solani (No. 2 and 5), one of F. solani (No. 8), one of F. oxysporum (No. 12) and one of M. phaseolina (No. 14), were the most virulent ones on faba bean plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The bioagents and inducer chemicals, applied individually or in combinations, inhibited the growth of the tested pathogenic fungi in vitro.
- Taxon
- Faba BeanVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- bioagents and inducer chemicalse4
- Interactor
- tested pathogenic fungie4pathogen
- Outcome
- the growth of the tested pathogenic fungie4
- Direction
- inhibitede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Faba Bean”
e4“All bioagents and inducer chemicals applied either individually or incombinations, inhibited the growth of the tested pathogenic fungi”
Claim · model-written summary
Under greenhouse and field conditions, the bioagent and inducer treatments significantly reduced damping-off, root rot and/or wilt diseases.
- Taxon
- Faba BeanVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- bioagents Bacillus megaterium and Trichoderma viride as well as the inducer chemicals salicylic acid and hydrogen peroxidee7
- Outcome
- damping-off, root rot and/or wilt diseasese6
- Direction
- reducede6
- Setting
- greenhouse and field conditionse6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Faba Bean”
e6“Under greenhouse and field conditions, all treatments significantly reduced damping-off, root rot and/or wilt diseases and increased the survived plants”
e7“The bioagents Bacillus megaterium and Trichoderma viride as well as the inducer chemicals salicylic acid and hydrogen peroxide were examined, either individually or in combinations”
Claim · model-written summary
Under greenhouse and field conditions, the bioagent and inducer treatments increased the number of survived plants.
- Taxon
- Faba BeanVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- bioagents Bacillus megaterium and Trichoderma viride as well as the inducer chemicals salicylic acid and hydrogen peroxidee7
- Outcome
- the survived plantse6
- Direction
- increasede6
- Setting
- greenhouse and field conditionse6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Faba Bean”
e6“Under greenhouse and field conditions, all treatments significantly reduced damping-off, root rot and/or wilt diseases and increased the survived plants”
e7“The bioagents Bacillus megaterium and Trichoderma viride as well as the inducer chemicals salicylic acid and hydrogen peroxide were examined, either individually or in combinations”
Claim · model-written summary
In pot experiments, the tested treatments increased fresh and dry weight of the survived plants compared with the control treatment.
- Taxon
- Faba BeanVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- tested treatmentse7
- Outcome
- fresh and dry weight of the survived plantse7
- Direction
- increasede7
- Comparator
- control treatmente7
- Setting
- pots experimente7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Faba Bean”
e7“Also, in pots experiment, tested treatments increased fresh and dry weight of the survived plants compared to the control treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Combinations of the tested bioagents and inducer chemicals were more effective than each of them used individually.
- Taxon
- Faba BeanVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- combinations of the tested bioagents and inducer chemicalse2
- Outcome
- more effectivee2
- Direction
- more effectivee2
- Comparator
- using each of them individuallye2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Faba Bean”
e2“Moreover, combinations of the tested bioagents and inducer chemicals were more effective than using each of them individually”
Claim · model-written summary
The SA + T. viride treatment recorded the best results in this respect.
- Taxon
- Faba BeanVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- SA + T. viridee3
- Outcome
- the best results in this respecte3
- Direction
- beste3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Faba Bean”
e3“Treatment of SA + T. viride recorded the best results in this respect”
Claim · model-written summary
Under field conditions, all tested treatments significantly increased growth parameters (plant height and No. of branches/plant) in both growing seasons of 2010/11 and 2011/12.
- Taxon
- Faba BeanVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- all tested treatmentse4
- Outcome
- growth parameters (plant height and No. of branches/plant)e4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Qualifier
- in both growing seasons of 2010/11 and 2011/12e4
- Setting
- Under field conditionse4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Faba Bean”
e4“Under field conditions, all tested treatments significantly increased growth parameters (plant height and No. of branches/plant) and yield components (No. of pods and seeds/ plant, weight of 100 seeds and total yield/feddan) and protein content in both growing seasons of 2010/11 and 2011/12”
Claim · model-written summary
Under field conditions, all tested treatments significantly increased yield components.
- Taxon
- Faba BeanVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- all tested treatmentse4
- Outcome
- yield componentse4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Setting
- Under field conditionse4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Faba Bean”
e4“Under field conditions, all tested treatments significantly increased growth parameters (plant height and No. of branches/plant) and yield components (No. of pods and seeds/ plant, weight of 100 seeds and total yield/feddan) and protein content in both growing seasons of 2010/11 and 2011/12”
Claim · model-written summary
Under field conditions, all tested treatments significantly increased protein content.
- Taxon
- Faba BeanVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- all tested treatmentse4
- Outcome
- protein contente4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Setting
- Under field conditionse4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Faba Bean”
e4“Under field conditions, all tested treatments significantly increased growth parameters (plant height and No. of branches/plant) and yield components (No. of pods and seeds/ plant, weight of 100 seeds and total yield/feddan) and protein content in both growing seasons of 2010/11 and 2011/12”
Claim · model-written summary
Faba bean seeds soaked in SA + T. viride or SA + B. megaterium recorded the highest growth parameters and yield components.
- Taxon
- Faba BeanVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- seeds soaked in SA + T. viride and SA + B. megateriume5
- Outcome
- growth parameters and yield componentse5
- Direction
- higheste5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Faba Bean”
e5“Faba bean seeds soaked in SA + T. viride and SA + B. megaterium recorded the highest growth parameters and yield components”
Claim · model-written summary
The combination of bioagents and inducer chemicals recorded the best results for controlling damping-off, root rot and wilt diseases under greenhouse and field conditions.
- Taxon
- Faba BeanVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- the combination between the bioagents and inducer chemicalse6
- Outcome
- controlling damping-off, root rot and wilt diseasese6
- Direction
- best resultse6
- Setting
- under the greenhouse and the field conditionse6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Faba Bean”
e6“Generally, the combination between the bioagents and inducer chemicals recoded the best results for controlling damping-off, root rot and wilt diseases under the greenhouse and the field conditions, in addition to improve plant growth and increase yield components, protein content in seeds under field conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Bioagents combined with inducer chemicals recorded the highest inhibition of the tested fungi in vitro, especially SA + T. viride and SA + B. megaterium.
- Taxon
- Faba BeanVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- Bioagents combined with inducer chemicalse5
- Outcome
- inhibitione5
- Direction
- higheste5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Faba Bean”
e5“Bioagents combined with inducer chemicals recorded the highest inhibition, especially in case of SA + T. viride and SA + B. megaterium”
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8 of 9 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.