Abstract
With the continuance of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) cropping on drained paddy soil in Japan, countermeasures against decreasing trend of the available nitrogen (N) are needed. We determined the effect of no-tillage (NT) soybean cropping with manure compost (MC) application on soil N availability and soybean growth under a rice (Oryza sativa L.) -wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) -soybean rotation on a drained paddy field in central Japan. NT significantly increased available N in surface soil after soybean harvest relative to conventional tillage (CT). Application of 2 kg MC m−2 before wheat sowing significantly increased available N just before soybean sowing. Tillage and MC treatments did not affect the ureide-N content in the stem of soybean, which reflects activities of N2 fixation at R6. The effect of NT on nitrate-N in the stem was not clear, but MC application significantly increased the content. NT and MC application significantly increased soybean aboveground biomass at R6, when biomass was maximum. The results indicate that MC application increased the soil N availability, and a higher nitrate uptake increased the aboveground biomass. In NT, however, the relationship between aboveground biomass and N assimilation was not clear. The seed yields were 313–330 g m−2 in 2014 and 213–244 g m−2 in 2015, and the difference among tillage and MC treatments were not statistically significant. Our results indicate that NT soybean cropping with MC application maintained N availability in paddy-upland rotation fields. MC application before wheat sowing is recommended.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
No tillage increased surface-soil available N after soybean harvest versus conventional tillage.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Organ / stage
- after soybean harveste0
- Treatment
- NTe0
- Outcome
- available N in surface soile0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- conventional tillage (CT)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NT significantly increased available N in surface soil after soybean harvest relative to conventional tillage (CT)”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Compost before wheat sowing increased available N before soybean sowing.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- just before soybean sowinge0
- Treatment
- 2 kg MC m−2 before wheat sowinge0
- Outcome
- available Ne0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of 2 kg MC m−2 before wheat sowing significantly increased available N just before soybean sowing”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Tillage and compost did not affect soybean stem ureide-N at R6.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Organ / stage
- steme0
- Treatment
- Tillage and MC treatmentse0
- Outcome
- ureide-N contente0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
- Qualifier
- at R6e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tillage and MC treatments did not affect the ureide-N content in the stem of soybean, which reflects activities of N2 fixation at R6”
Claim · model-written summary
The effect of no tillage on stem nitrate-N was unclear.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- NTe0
- Outcome
- nitrate-N in the steme0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effect of NT on nitrate-N in the stem was not clear”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Compost increased stem nitrate-N.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- MC applicatione0
- Outcome
- nitrate-N in the steme0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effect of NT on nitrate-N in the stem was not clear, but MC application significantly increased the content”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
No tillage increased aboveground biomass at R6.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Organ / stage
- R6e0
- Treatment
- NTe0
- Outcome
- soybean aboveground biomasse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NT and MC application significantly increased soybean aboveground biomass at R6, when biomass was maximum”
Claim · model-written summary
Compost increased aboveground biomass at R6.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Organ / stage
- R6e0
- Treatment
- MC applicatione0
- Outcome
- soybean aboveground biomasse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NT and MC application significantly increased soybean aboveground biomass at R6, when biomass was maximum”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attribute higher biomass under compost to increased N availability and nitrate uptake.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- MC applicatione0
- Outcome
- aboveground biomasse0
- Qualifier
- higher nitrate uptakee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MC application increased the soil N availability, and a higher nitrate uptake increased the aboveground biomass”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Under no tillage, the biomass-N assimilation relation was unclear.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- NTe0
- Outcome
- aboveground biomasse0
- Qualifier
- N assimilatione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In NT, however, the relationship between aboveground biomass and N assimilation was not clear”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed yield ranged 313–330 g m−2 in 2014.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- seed yieldse0
- Value
- 313–330 g m−2e0
- Setting
- 2014e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The seed yields were 313–330 g m−2 in 2014”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed yield ranged 213–244 g m−2 in 2015.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- seed yieldse0
- Value
- 213–244 g m−2e0
- Setting
- 2015e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The seed yields were 313–330 g m−2 in 2014 and 213–244 g m−2 in 2015”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed yield did not differ significantly across tillage and compost treatments.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- tillage and MC treatmentse0
- Outcome
- seed yieldse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The seed yields were 313–330 g m−2 in 2014 and 213–244 g m−2 in 2015, and the difference among tillage and MC treatments were not statistically significant”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
No tillage with compost maintained N availability in rotation fields.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- NT soybean cropping with MC applicatione0
- Outcome
- N availabilitye0
- Direction
- maintainede0
- Setting
- paddy-upland rotation fieldse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NT soybean cropping with MC application maintained N availability in paddy-upland rotation fields”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend compost before wheat sowing.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- MC application before wheat sowinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MC application before wheat sowing is recommended”
t0“soybean”
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