Abstract
The appearance of interveinal leaf blotch with subsequent necrosis and defoliation of apple trees have been increasingly observed in many commercial orchards since the last 10 years, and there is some consequent loss of production from affected trees. The symptoms of this necrosis and defoliation in the field seemed to be the same as those described for magnesium deficiency by many workers, although interveinal chlorosis or fading of the leaves were not prominent under the conditions in Aomori PrefectureThe present investigation was undertaken to diagnose this early season′s defoliation of Ralls trees by means of injection and foliar spray of magnesium solution, and to see the changes of potassium, calcium and magnesium contents in leaves from different position of shoots that has received magnesium treatment.Injections of 0.05M magnesium solutions, during early-May to early-June, 1962, into the trunks of 8-year-old Ralls trees have markedly prevented the incidence of defoliation. A treatment consisting of 10 applications of 3 per cent Epsom salt spray at 7-10 day intervals starting after petal fall has completely prevented the appearance of defoliation of the Ralls trees. It is concluded from the results of experiment and diagnosis of the symptoms that this necrosis and defoliation are due to the deficiency of magnesium in the trees.Analysis of samples (without petioles) collected from mid-shoot leaves of injected trees showed that magnesium content in the leaves increased slightly, but significant correlation was observed between quantities of injected magnesium and leaf magnesium contents, and more close correlation was found as the season progressed. Salts containing nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus were also injected with magnesium sulfate solutions, but they gave no supplementary effect on deficiency incidence and on leaf composition.Foliar applications of magnesium markedly increased the magnesium content in basal leaves of the shoot than that in apical one, and some visual damages of basal leaves, which closely resembled to magnesium deficiency symptoms, seemed to be caused by extreme accumulation of magnesium by frequent spray treatments. The foliar applications of magnesium induced significant depression of potassium and calcium contents in both apical and basal leaves of the shoots.Comparisons of total cation contents(K+Ca+Mg) between sprayed and control leaves, expressed as milliequivalent per 100g dry matter, have shown that sum of total cation contents in an individual leaf varied widely by spray treatment, time of sampling and leaf position, whereas the mean value of total cation contents from entire leaves on a shoot was nearly constant.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Trunk injections of 0.05M magnesium solution in 8-year-old Ralls trees markedly prevented the incidence of defoliation.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticat0 - Material
- Rallse0
- Treatment
- Injections of 0.05M magnesium solutionse0
- Outcome
- incidence of defoliatione0
- Direction
- preventede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Injections of 0.05M magnesium solutions, during early-May to early-June, 1962, into the trunks of 8-year-old Ralls trees have markedly prevented the incidence of defoliation”
t0“apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Ten applications of 3 per cent Epsom salt spray completely prevented defoliation of Ralls trees.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- Rallse0
- Treatment
- 10 applications of 3 per cent Epsom salt spraye0
- Outcome
- appearance of defoliatione0
- Direction
- completely preventede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A treatment consisting of 10 applications of 3 per cent Epsom salt spray at 7-10 day intervals starting after petal fall has completely prevented the appearance of defoliation of the Ralls trees”
t0“apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that the necrosis and defoliation are due to magnesium deficiency in the trees.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Compound
- magnesiume0
- Outcome
- necrosis and defoliatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this necrosis and defoliation are due to the deficiency of magnesium in the trees”
t0“apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf magnesium content correlated significantly with quantities of injected magnesium, and the correlation became closer as the season progressed.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- quantities of injected magnesiume0
- Outcome
- leaf magnesium contentse0
- Qualifier
- more close correlation was found as the season progressede0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significant correlation was observed between quantities of injected magnesium and leaf magnesium contents, and more close correlation was found as the season progressed”
t0“apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Magnesium content in leaves of injected trees increased slightly.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- injectede0
- Outcome
- magnesium content in the leavese0
- Direction
- increased slightlye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“of injected trees showed that magnesium content in the leaves increased slightly”
t0“apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Injecting salts containing nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus together with magnesium sulfate gave no supplementary effect on deficiency incidence or leaf composition.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Salts containing nitrogen, calcium and phosphoruse0
- Outcome
- deficiency incidence and on leaf compositione0
- Direction
- no supplementary effecte0
- Comparator
- magnesium sulfate solutionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salts containing nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus were also injected with magnesium sulfate solutions, but they gave no supplementary effect on deficiency incidence and on leaf composition”
t0“apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar magnesium applications markedly increased magnesium content in basal leaves of the shoot more than in apical leaves.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Foliar applications of magnesiume0
- Outcome
- magnesium content in basal leavese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- than that in apical onee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar applications of magnesium markedly increased the magnesium content in basal leaves of the shoot than that in apical one”
t0“apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Visual damage to basal leaves resembling magnesium deficiency symptoms seemed to be caused by extreme magnesium accumulation from frequent sprays.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- frequent spray treatmentse0
- Compound
- magnesiume0
- Outcome
- visual damages of basal leavese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“some visual damages of basal leaves, which closely resembled to magnesium deficiency symptoms, seemed to be caused by extreme accumulation of magnesium by frequent spray treatments”
t0“apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar magnesium applications significantly depressed potassium and calcium contents in both apical and basal leaves.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- foliar applications of magnesiume0
- Outcome
- potassium and calcium contentse0
- Direction
- depressione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The foliar applications of magnesium induced significant depression of potassium and calcium contents in both apical and basal leaves of the shoots”
t0“apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
The sum of total cation contents (K+Ca+Mg) in an individual leaf varied widely with spray treatment, time of sampling and leaf position.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- spray treatmente0
- Outcome
- total cation contents in an individual leafe0
- Direction
- varied widelye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sum of total cation contents in an individual leaf varied widely by spray treatment, time of sampling and leaf position”
t0“apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
The mean total cation content over all leaves on a shoot was nearly constant.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- mean value of total cation contents from entire leaves on a shoot was nearly constante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the mean value of total cation contents from entire leaves on a shoot was nearly constant”
t0“apple trees”
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