Abstract
There have been few studies in Japan on the effects of the application of lime materials, especially in regard to the soil calcium-to-magnesium ratio (Ca:Mg). The aim of this study was to explore the effects of changes in the soil Ca:Mg on soybean growth via pot and field tests over two growing seasons: 2018–2019. The field tests were conducted in two different fields, one in each year, and the soil for the pot tests in both years was collected from the respective fields used in the field tests. In the pot test from 2018 to 2019, we adjusted the soil Ca:Mg ratio and soil pH using Ca(OH)2 and CaSO4, with three conditions: control (pH = 5.2, Ca:Mg = 1.3), CaMg (pH = 5.0, Ca:Mg = 2.6), and CaMg + pH (pH = 5.7, Ca:Mg = 2.4). Moreover, we added two further conditions for the pot test in 2019: CaCO3 (pH = 5.9, Ca:Mg = 1.8) and dolomite groups (pH = 6.4, Ca:Mg = 1.3). In the field test, we adjusted only the soil Ca:Mg ratio using phosphogypsum and had two conditions: control (pH = 5.0, Ca:Mg = 1.1) and gypsum (pH = 4.7, Ca:Mg = 1.9). In both tests, the application of Ca except for dolomite contributed to the increase in the concentration and uptake of Ca both in the whole plants and some parts of the soybean plants. Likewise, application of Ca except for dolomite contributed to a significant increase in the total number of pods. The weight of seeds and the total dry weight in the CaMg + pH and CaCO3 groups and in the gypsum plot were significantly higher than were those in each control group. Thus, the study suggests that the Ca:Mg ratio in soils with a low Ca:Mg ratio may limit soybean growth to a greater extent than does the soil pH. However, the effect of the interaction between the soil Ca:Mg ratio and soil pH on dry-matter production of soybeans was different between the pot and field tests, and further studies were needed to clarify the discrepancy.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium application except dolomite increased calcium concentration and uptake in whole soybean plants and some plant parts in both tests.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Organ / stage
- whole plants and some partse0
- Treatment
- application of Ca except for dolomitee0
- Outcome
- concentration and uptake of Cae0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In both tests, the application of Ca except for dolomite contributed to the increase in the concentration and uptake of Ca both in the whole plants and some parts of the soybean plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium application except dolomite significantly increased total pod number.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- application of Ca except for dolomitee0
- Outcome
- total number of podse0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Likewise, application of Ca except for dolomite contributed to a significant increase in the total number of pods.”
t0“soybeans”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed weight and total dry weight were significantly higher in the CaMg + pH group than its control.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- CaMg + pHe0
- Outcome
- weight of seeds and the total dry weighte0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- control groupe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The weight of seeds and the total dry weight in the CaMg + pH and CaCO3 groups and in the gypsum plot were significantly higher than were those in each control group.”
t0“soybeans”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed weight and total dry weight were significantly higher in the CaCO3 group than its control.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- CaCO3e0
- Outcome
- weight of seeds and the total dry weighte0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- control groupe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The weight of seeds and the total dry weight in the CaMg + pH and CaCO3 groups and in the gypsum plot were significantly higher than were those in each control group.”
t0“soybeans”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed weight and total dry weight were significantly higher in the gypsum plot than its control.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- gypsume0
- Outcome
- weight of seeds and the total dry weighte0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- control groupe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The weight of seeds and the total dry weight in the CaMg + pH and CaCO3 groups and in the gypsum plot were significantly higher than were those in each control group.”
t0“soybeans”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest low soil Ca:Mg may limit soybean growth more than soil pH.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- soybean growthe0
- Direction
- limite0
- Qualifier
- Ca:Mg ratio in soils with a low Ca:Mg ratioe0
- Comparator
- soil pHe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Thus, the study suggests that the Ca:Mg ratio in soils with a low Ca:Mg ratio may limit soybean growth to a greater extent than does the soil pH.”
Claim · model-written summary
The effect of the soil Ca:Mg-by-pH interaction on soybean dry-matter production differed between pot and field tests.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- interaction between the soil Ca:Mg ratio and soil pHe0
- Outcome
- dry-matter productione0
- Comparator
- pot and field testse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“However, the effect of the interaction between the soil Ca:Mg ratio and soil pH on dry-matter production of soybeans was different between the pot and field tests, and further studies were needed to clarify the discrepancy.”
Claim · model-written summary
Further studies are needed to clarify the pot-versus-field discrepancy.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- further studies were needed to clarify the discrepancye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“However, the effect of the interaction between the soil Ca:Mg ratio and soil pH on dry-matter production of soybeans was different between the pot and field tests, and further studies were needed to clarify the discrepancy.”
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