Abstract
The initiation of flowering in cereals is a critical process influenced by environmental and endogenous signals. Flowering Locus T-like (FT-like) genes encode the main signals for flowering. Of the 13 FT-like genes in the rice genome, Hd3a/OsFTL2 and RFT1/OsFTL3 have been extensively studied and revealed to be critical for flowering. In this study, a rice FT-like gene, OsFTL4, was functionally characterized. Specifically, osftl4 mutants were generated using a CRISPR/Cas9 system. Compared with the wild-type control (Guangluai 4), the osftl4-1 and osftl4-2 mutants flowered 9.6 and 5.8 days earlier under natural long-day and short-day conditions, respectively. Additionally, OsFTL4 was mainly expressed in the vascular tissue, with the resulting OsFTL4 protein localized in both the nucleus and cytoplasm. Furthermore, OsFTL4 was observed to compete with Hd3a for the interaction with multiple 14-3-3 proteins. An analysis of the effects of simulated drought stress suggested that silencing OsFTL4 enhances drought tolerance by decreasing stomatal conductance and water loss. These results indicate that OsFTL4 helps integrate the flowering process and the drought response in rice.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
The osftl4-1 mutant flowered 9.6 days earlier than Guangluai 4 under natural long-day conditions.
- Taxon
- Rice
Oryza sativat0 - Material
- osftl4-1e0
- Treatment
- osftl4-1e0
- Gene
- OsFTL4e0
- Outcome
- flowerede0
- Direction
- earliere0
- Value
- 9.6e0
- Qualifier
- natural long-daye0
- Comparator
- wild-type control (Guangluai 4)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e0“Compared with the wild-type control (Guangluai 4), the osftl4-1 and osftl4-2 mutants flowered 9.6 and 5.8 days earlier under natural long-day and short-day conditions, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
The osftl4-2 mutant flowered 5.8 days earlier than Guangluai 4 under natural short-day conditions.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- osftl4-2e0
- Treatment
- osftl4-2e0
- Gene
- OsFTL4e0
- Outcome
- flowerede0
- Direction
- earliere0
- Value
- 5.8 dayse0
- Qualifier
- short-daye0
- Comparator
- wild-type control (Guangluai 4)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e0“Compared with the wild-type control (Guangluai 4), the osftl4-1 and osftl4-2 mutants flowered 9.6 and 5.8 days earlier under natural long-day and short-day conditions, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
OsFTL4 was mainly expressed in vascular tissue.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- vascular tissuee0
- Gene
- OsFTL4e0
- Outcome
- mainly expressed in the vascular tissuee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e0“OsFTL4 was mainly expressed in the vascular tissue”
Claim · model-written summary
OsFTL4 protein localized in both nucleus and cytoplasm.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- OsFTL4 proteine0
- Outcome
- localized in both the nucleus and cytoplasme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e0“OsFTL4 protein localized in both the nucleus and cytoplasm”
Claim · model-written summary
OsFTL4 competed with Hd3a for interaction with multiple 14-3-3 proteins.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- OsFTL4e0
- Outcome
- compete with Hd3a for the interaction with multiple 14-3-3 proteinse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e0“OsFTL4 was observed to compete with Hd3a for the interaction with multiple 14-3-3 proteins”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing OsFTL4 enhanced drought tolerance under simulated drought stress.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- silencing OsFTL4e0
- Gene
- OsFTL4e0
- Outcome
- drought tolerancee0
- Direction
- enhancese0
- Qualifier
- simulated drought stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e0“simulated drought stress suggested that silencing OsFTL4 enhances drought tolerance by decreasing stomatal conductance and water loss”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing OsFTL4 decreased stomatal conductance under simulated drought stress.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- silencing OsFTL4e0
- Gene
- OsFTL4e0
- Outcome
- stomatal conductancee0
- Direction
- decreasinge0
- Qualifier
- simulated drought stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e0“simulated drought stress suggested that silencing OsFTL4 enhances drought tolerance by decreasing stomatal conductance and water loss”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing OsFTL4 decreased water loss under simulated drought stress.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- silencing OsFTL4e0
- Gene
- OsFTL4e0
- Outcome
- water losse0
- Direction
- decreasinge0
- Qualifier
- simulated drought stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e0“simulated drought stress suggested that silencing OsFTL4 enhances drought tolerance by decreasing stomatal conductance and water loss”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.