Abstract
Nanotechnology has obtained importance over conventional technologies to enhance crop growth, yield and environmental sustainability. Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most ecotoxic heavy metals that directly enter the food chain and accumulate in different human body organs such as kidneys, lungs, and liver. Cadmium (Cd) contamination in agricultural soils has now become a big issue, which affects food quality and causes a serious threat to human health and the environment. Nanoparticles (NPs) are effectively used to remediate Cd-contaminated soils, due to having a large surface area and high adsorption capacity. The present study evaluated the effects of three NPs i.e., iron (Fe), silicon (Si) and zinc (Zn) NPs on the growth, and physiology of plants as well as the accumulation of Cd in different parts of plants. The collected soil was spiked with different Cd levels (0, 5, 10, 20 mg kg-1), and NPs were applied at 60 mg kg-1 of soil prior to sowing. At maturity, plants exhibit significant increases in shoot length by 14, 12, 10% and 48, 30, 29% in root length in treatments amended with Fe, Si and Zn-NPs at 5 mg kg-1 Cd contamination levels. The grain yield was enhanced by 78% at 5mg kg-1 Cd level amended with Fe-NPs as compared to the control (no NPs application). The results revealed that NPs have a beneficial effect on stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, and photosynthetic rate compared to control. The Cd concentration in various plant parts viz. roots, shoot and grains decreased by 36%, 35% and 69% after the application of NPs. However, this reduction was more distinct at 5 mg kg-1 Cd with Fe-NPs followed by Zn-NPS and Si-NPs. Overall, it was concluded that NPs play a significant role in the enhancement of plant biomass, increase in nutrient availability, and decrease the Cd accumulation in different plant parts
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Fe nanoparticles at 5 mg kg-1 Cd significantly increased wheat shoot length by 14%.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Organ / stage
- shoote1
- Treatment
- Fee1
- Outcome
- shoot lengthe1
- Direction
- significant increasese1
- Value
- 14e1
- Qualifier
- at 5 mg kg-1 Cd contamination levelse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nanoparticles enhanced morpho-physiological growth of wheat in contaminated soil”
e1“At maturity, plants exhibit significant increases in shoot length by 14, 12, 10% and 48, 30, 29% in root length in treatments amended with Fe, Si and Zn-NPs at 5 mg kg-1 Cd contamination levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Si nanoparticles at 5 mg kg-1 Cd significantly increased wheat shoot length by 12%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- shoote1
- Treatment
- Sie1
- Outcome
- shoot lengthe1
- Direction
- significant increasese1
- Value
- 12e1
- Qualifier
- at 5 mg kg-1 Cd contamination levelse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nanoparticles enhanced morpho-physiological growth of wheat in contaminated soil”
e1“At maturity, plants exhibit significant increases in shoot length by 14, 12, 10% and 48, 30, 29% in root length in treatments amended with Fe, Si and Zn-NPs at 5 mg kg-1 Cd contamination levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn nanoparticles at 5 mg kg-1 Cd significantly increased wheat shoot length by 10%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- shoote1
- Treatment
- Zn-NPse1
- Outcome
- shoot lengthe1
- Direction
- significant increasese1
- Value
- 10e1
- Qualifier
- at 5 mg kg-1 Cd contamination levelse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nanoparticles enhanced morpho-physiological growth of wheat in contaminated soil”
e1“At maturity, plants exhibit significant increases in shoot length by 14, 12, 10% and 48, 30, 29% in root length in treatments amended with Fe, Si and Zn-NPs at 5 mg kg-1 Cd contamination levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Fe nanoparticles at 5 mg kg-1 Cd significantly increased wheat root length by 48%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- roote1
- Treatment
- Fee1
- Outcome
- root lengthe1
- Direction
- significant increasese1
- Value
- 48e1
- Qualifier
- at 5 mg kg-1 Cd contamination levelse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nanoparticles enhanced morpho-physiological growth of wheat in contaminated soil”
e1“At maturity, plants exhibit significant increases in shoot length by 14, 12, 10% and 48, 30, 29% in root length in treatments amended with Fe, Si and Zn-NPs at 5 mg kg-1 Cd contamination levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Si nanoparticles at 5 mg kg-1 Cd significantly increased wheat root length by 30%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- roote1
- Treatment
- Sie1
- Outcome
- root lengthe1
- Direction
- significant increasese1
- Value
- 30e1
- Qualifier
- at 5 mg kg-1 Cd contamination levelse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nanoparticles enhanced morpho-physiological growth of wheat in contaminated soil”
e1“At maturity, plants exhibit significant increases in shoot length by 14, 12, 10% and 48, 30, 29% in root length in treatments amended with Fe, Si and Zn-NPs at 5 mg kg-1 Cd contamination levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn nanoparticles at 5 mg kg-1 Cd significantly increased wheat root length by 29%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- roote1
- Treatment
- Zn-NPse1
- Outcome
- root lengthe1
- Direction
- significant increasese1
- Value
- 29e1
- Qualifier
- at 5 mg kg-1 Cd contamination levelse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nanoparticles enhanced morpho-physiological growth of wheat in contaminated soil”
e1“At maturity, plants exhibit significant increases in shoot length by 14, 12, 10% and 48, 30, 29% in root length in treatments amended with Fe, Si and Zn-NPs at 5 mg kg-1 Cd contamination levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Fe nanoparticles at 5 mg kg-1 Cd enhanced wheat grain yield by 78% compared with no nanoparticles.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Fe-NPse2
- Outcome
- grain yielde2
- Direction
- enhancede2
- Value
- 78%e2
- Qualifier
- 5mg kg-1 Cd levele2
- Comparator
- control (no NPs application)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nanoparticles enhanced morpho-physiological growth of wheat in contaminated soil”
e2“The grain yield was enhanced by 78% at 5mg kg-1 Cd level amended with Fe-NPs as compared to the control (no NPs application)”
Claim · model-written summary
Nanoparticles had a beneficial effect on stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and photosynthetic rate of wheat compared with control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- NPse3
- Outcome
- stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, and photosynthetic ratee3
- Direction
- beneficial effecte3
- Comparator
- controle3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nanoparticles enhanced morpho-physiological growth of wheat in contaminated soil”
e3“The results revealed that NPs have a beneficial effect on stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, and photosynthetic rate compared to control”
Claim · model-written summary
Nanoparticle application decreased Cd concentration in wheat roots by 36%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- rootse4
- Treatment
- application of NPse4
- Outcome
- Cd concentratione4
- Direction
- decreasede4
- Value
- 36%e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nanoparticles enhanced morpho-physiological growth of wheat in contaminated soil”
e4“The Cd concentration in various plant parts viz. roots, shoot and grains decreased by 36%, 35% and 69% after the application of NPs”
Claim · model-written summary
Nanoparticle application decreased Cd concentration in wheat shoots by 35%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- shoote4
- Treatment
- application of NPse4
- Outcome
- Cd concentratione4
- Direction
- decreasede4
- Value
- 35%e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nanoparticles enhanced morpho-physiological growth of wheat in contaminated soil”
e4“The Cd concentration in various plant parts viz. roots, shoot and grains decreased by 36%, 35% and 69% after the application of NPs”
Claim · model-written summary
Nanoparticle application decreased Cd concentration in wheat grains by 69%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- grainse4
- Treatment
- application of NPse4
- Outcome
- Cd concentratione4
- Direction
- decreasede4
- Value
- 69%e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nanoparticles enhanced morpho-physiological growth of wheat in contaminated soil”
e4“The Cd concentration in various plant parts viz. roots, shoot and grains decreased by 36%, 35% and 69% after the application of NPs”
Claim · model-written summary
Fe nanoparticles reduced Cd accumulation more distinctly at 5 mg kg-1 Cd than Zn and Si nanoparticles.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Fe-NPse5
- Outcome
- reductione5
- Direction
- more distincte5
- Qualifier
- at 5 mg kg-1 Cde5
- Comparator
- Zn-NPS and Si-NPse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nanoparticles enhanced morpho-physiological growth of wheat in contaminated soil”
e5“However, this reduction was more distinct at 5 mg kg-1 Cd with Fe-NPs followed by Zn-NPS and Si-NPs”
Claim · model-written summary
Nanoparticles were concluded to enhance wheat plant biomass.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- NPse6
- Outcome
- plant biomasse6
- Direction
- enhancemente6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nanoparticles enhanced morpho-physiological growth of wheat in contaminated soil”
e6“Overall, it was concluded that NPs play a significant role in the enhancement of plant biomass, increase in nutrient availability, and decrease the Cd accumulation in different plant parts”
Claim · model-written summary
Nanoparticles were concluded to increase nutrient availability in contaminated soil.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- NPse6
- Outcome
- nutrient availabilitye6
- Direction
- increasee6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nanoparticles enhanced morpho-physiological growth of wheat in contaminated soil”
e6“Overall, it was concluded that NPs play a significant role in the enhancement of plant biomass, increase in nutrient availability, and decrease the Cd accumulation in different plant parts”
The same questions in other papers
iron atom · growth · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ
40 papers in the same direction as this paper · 12 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- negative
50 papers more in this group
See all 54 papers →silicon atom · growth · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ
73 papers in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- no effect
77 papers more in this group
See all 81 papers →iron atom · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ
91 papers in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- no effect
95 papers more in this group
See all 99 papers →zinc atom · growth · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ
154 papers in the same direction as this paper · 43 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- no effect
- negative
196 papers more in this group
See all 200 papers →nanoparticle · physiology: photosynthesis · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
35 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- negative
38 papers more in this group
See all 42 papers →nanoparticle · nutrient: content · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
100 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- negative
101 papers more in this group
See all 105 papers →nanoparticle · growth · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
145 papers in the same direction as this paper · 20 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- no effect
164 papers more in this group
See all 168 papers →nanoparticle · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
241 papers in the same direction as this paper · 18 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
256 papers more in this group
See all 260 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.