Abstract
Several strains of Trichoderma are applied in the field to control plant diseases due to their capacity to suppress fungal pathogens and control plant diseases. Some Trichoderma strains also are able to promote plant growth through the production of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). In southern Thailand, the local rice variety “Chor Khing” is mainly cultivated in the Songkhla province; it is characterized by slow growth and is susceptible to sheath blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani. Therefore, this research aimed to screen Trichoderma species with the ability to promote plant growth in this rice variety and enact biological control against R. solani. A total of 21 Trichoderma isolates were screened for indole compound production using the Salkowski reagent. The Z2-03 isolate reacted positively to the Salkowski reagent, indicating the production of the indole compound. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPCL) confirmed that Z2-03 produced IAA at 35.58 ± 7.60 μg/mL. The cell-free culture filtrate of the potato dextrose broth (CF) of Z2-03 induced rice germination in rice seeds, yielding root and shoot lengths in cell-free CF-treated rice that were significantly higher than those of the control (distilled water and culture broth alone). Furthermore, inoculation with Trichoderma conidia promoted rice growth and induced a defense response against R. solani during the seedling stage. Trichoderma Z2-03 displayed an antifungal capacity against R. solani, achieving 74.17% inhibition (as measured through dual culture assay) and the production of siderophores on the CAS medium. The pot experiment revealed that inoculation with the Trichoderma sp. Z2-03 conidial suspension increased the number of tillers and the plant height in the “Chor Khing” rice variety, and suppressed the percentage of disease incidence (PDI). The Trichoderma isolate Z2-03 was identified, based on the morphology and molecular properties of ITS, translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1-α), and RNA polymerase 2 (rpb2), as Trichoderma breve Z2-03. Our results reveal the ability of T. breve Z2-03 to act as a plant growth promoter, enhancing growth and development in the “Chor Khing” rice variety, as well as a biological control agent through its competition and defense induction mechanism in this rice variety.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Z2-03 produced indole compounds in the Salkowski assay.
Verbatim
e0“The Z2-03 isolate reacted positively to the Salkowski reagent, indicating the production of the indole compound.”
Claim · model-written summary
Z2-03 produced IAA at 35.58 ± 7.60 μg/mL.
Verbatim
e0“Z2-03 produced IAA at 35.58 ± 7.60 μg/mL”
Claim · model-written summary
Z2-03 cell-free filtrate induced rice germination.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- cell-free culture filtrate of the potato dextrose broth (CF) of Z2-03e0
- Interactor
- Z2-03e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- rice germinatione0
- Comparator
- control (distilled water and culture broth alone)e1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The cell-free culture filtrate of the potato dextrose broth (CF) of Z2-03 induced rice germination in rice seeds”
e1“control (distilled water and culture broth alone)”
Claim · model-written summary
Z2-03 cell-free filtrate significantly increased rice root and shoot lengths versus controls.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- cell-free CF-treatede0
- Interactor
- Z2-03e1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- root and shoot lengthse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- control (distilled water and culture broth alone)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“root and shoot lengths in cell-free CF-treated rice that were significantly higher than those of the control (distilled water and culture broth alone)”
e1“of Z2-03 induced rice germination”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma conidial inoculation promoted rice seedling growth.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- seedling stagee1
- Treatment
- inoculation with Trichoderma conidiae0
- Interactor
- Trichoderma
Trichodermae0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- rice growthe0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“inoculation with Trichoderma conidia promoted rice growth”
e1“during the seedling stage”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma inoculation induced rice seedling defense against R. solani.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- inoculation with Trichoderma conidiae0
- Interactor
- R. solani
Rhizoctonia solanie0pathogen - Second interactor
- TrichodermaTrichodermae0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- defense response against R. solanie0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“inoculation with Trichoderma conidia promoted rice growth and induced a defense response against R. solani during the seedling stage”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma Z2-03 inhibited R. solani by 74.17% in dual culture.
- Taxon
- R. solaniRhizoctonia solanie0
- Treatment
- Trichoderma Z2-03e0
- Interactor
- R. solaniRhizoctonia solanie0pathogen
- Second interactor
- Trichoderma Z2-03e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- inhibitione0
- Direction
- inhibitione0
- Value
- 74.17%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Trichoderma Z2-03 displayed an antifungal capacity against R. solani, achieving 74.17% inhibition (as measured through dual culture assay)”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma Z2-03 produced siderophores on CAS medium.
Verbatim
e0“Trichoderma Z2-03 displayed an antifungal capacity against R. solani, achieving 74.17% inhibition (as measured through dual culture assay) and the production of siderophores on the CAS medium.”
Claim · model-written summary
Z2-03 inoculation increased tiller number and plant height in Chor Khing rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- “Chor Khing”e0
- Treatment
- inoculation with the Trichoderma sp. Z2-03 conidial suspensione0
- Interactor
- Trichoderma sp. Z2-03e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- number of tillers and the plant heighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“inoculation with the Trichoderma sp. Z2-03 conidial suspension increased the number of tillers and the plant height in the “Chor Khing” rice variety”
Claim · model-written summary
Z2-03 inoculation suppressed disease incidence in Chor Khing rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- “Chor Khing”e0
- Treatment
- inoculation with the Trichoderma sp. Z2-03 conidial suspensione0
- Interactor
- Rhizoctonia solaniRhizoctonia solanie1pathogen
- Second interactor
- Trichoderma sp. Z2-03e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- percentage of disease incidence (PDI)e0
- Direction
- suppressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“inoculation with the Trichoderma sp. Z2-03 conidial suspension increased the number of tillers and the plant height in the “Chor Khing” rice variety, and suppressed the percentage of disease incidence (PDI).”
e1“Rhizoctonia solani”
Claim · model-written summary
The isolate Z2-03 was identified as Trichoderma breve Z2-03.
- Taxon
- Trichoderma breve Z2-03Trichoderma brevee0
- Outcome
- was identifiede0
Verbatim
e0“The Trichoderma isolate Z2-03 was identified, based on the morphology and molecular properties of ITS, translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1-α), and RNA polymerase 2 (rpb2), as Trichoderma breve Z2-03.”
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