Abstract
Research on the development of environmentally friendly plant protection systems against fungal pathogens using symbiotic bacteria Xenorhabdus sp. – symbionts of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) has been a new direction in agricultural practice in recent years and undoubtedly represent relevance and scientific significance. The studies used suspensions of live and autoclaved cultures of symbiotic bacteria of symbionts of various types of EPN (Steinernema carpocapsae, S. feltiae and S. feltiae protense) with a bacterial cell titer of 10 7 CFU/ml in comparison with the biological preparation Phytosporin-M (dough) and water as a control. In laboratory conditions at a temperature of 25 o C, there were established differences in the antibiotic activity of the primary forms of producers of Xenorhabdus sp., isolated from different types of EPN. The greatest inhibition of the fungal growth zone on the 4th day was observed for metabolites of the S. carpocapsae strain against Alternaria solani. Biological effectiveness in suppressing this pathogen was 51 %. Field research conducted in 2022-2023 in the conditions of the Republic of Karelia on the mid-early potato variety ʻRed Scarlettʼ, showed that under epiphytotic conditions (low air temperatures and excessive waterlogging) double spraying of vegetative plants with a suspension of live and autoclaved cultures of symbiotic bacteria (EPN-1-1, EPN-2 and EPN-2 -1) reduced the development of rhizoctoniosis compared to the control variant by 50, 64 and 60 %, respectively. It was found that double treatment with a live and autoclaved aqueous suspension of bacteria, symbionts of the subspecies S. feltiae was more effective and ensured a reduction in the degree of development of scab symptoms by 1.3–2.8 times and the spread of rhizoctonia by 1.5–2.0 times. It has been also established that 2-fold spraying of plants with a live and autoclaved suspension of symbiotic bacteria S. feltiae during the growing season significantly increases the yield of tubers by 35–22 %, respectively. Thus, the use of biologically active secondary metabolites of Xenorhabdus sp. has significant potential as biological plant protection agents against potato pathogens.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Metabolites of the S. carpocapsae strain gave the greatest inhibition of Alternaria solani growth zone on day 4.
- Taxon
- potatoes
Solanum tuberosumt0 - Treatment
- metabolites of the S. carpocapsae straine1
- Interactor
- Alternaria solani
Alternaria solanie1pathogen - Second interactor
- S. carpocapsae
Steinernema carpocapsaee1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- fungal growth zonee1
- Direction
- greatest inhibitione1
- Qualifier
- on the 4th daye1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“potatoes”
e1“The greatest inhibition of the fungal growth zone on the 4th day was observed for metabolites of the S. carpocapsae strain against Alternaria solani”
Claim · model-written summary
Metabolites of the S. carpocapsae strain suppressed Alternaria solani with a biological effectiveness of 51 %.
- Taxon
- potatoesSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- metabolites of the S. carpocapsae straine1
- Interactor
- Alternaria solaniAlternaria solanie1pathogen
- Second interactor
- S. carpocapsae
- Outcome
- Biological effectivenesse2
- Direction
- suppressinge2
- Value
- 51 %e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“potatoes”
e1“The greatest inhibition of the fungal growth zone on the 4th day was observed for metabolites of the S. carpocapsae strain against Alternaria solani”
e2“Biological effectiveness in suppressing this pathogen was 51 %”
Claim · model-written summary
Double spraying with live and autoclaved symbiotic bacteria (EPN-1-1) reduced rhizoctoniosis development by 50 % relative to the control in 2022-2023 field trials.
- Taxon
- potatoesSolanum tuberosumt0
- Material
- Red Scarlette7
- Treatment
- double spraying of vegetative plants with a suspension of live and autoclaved cultures of symbiotic bacteriae3
- Interactor
- rhizoctoniosise3pathogen
- Second interactor
- symbiotic bacteriae3biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- development of rhizoctoniosise3
- Direction
- reducede3
- Value
- 50e3
- Qualifier
- epiphytotic conditionse3
- Comparator
- control variante3
- Setting
- Republic of Kareliae7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“potatoes”
e3“under epiphytotic conditions (low air temperatures and excessive waterlogging) double spraying of vegetative plants with a suspension of live and autoclaved cultures of symbiotic bacteria (EPN-1-1, EPN-2 and EPN-2 -1) reduced the development of rhizoctoniosis compared to the control variant by 50, 64 and 60 %, respectively”
e7“Field research conducted in 2022-2023 in the conditions of the Republic of Karelia on the mid-early potato variety ʻRed Scarlettʼ”
Claim · model-written summary
Double spraying with live and autoclaved symbiotic bacteria (EPN-2) reduced rhizoctoniosis development by 64 % relative to the control in 2022-2023 field trials.
- Taxon
- potatoesSolanum tuberosumt0
- Material
- Red Scarlette7
- Treatment
- double spraying of vegetative plants with a suspension of live and autoclaved cultures of symbiotic bacteriae3
- Interactor
- rhizoctoniosise3pathogen
- Second interactor
- symbiotic bacteriae3biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- development of rhizoctoniosise3
- Direction
- reducede3
- Value
- 64e3
- Qualifier
- epiphytotic conditionse3
- Comparator
- control variante3
- Setting
- Republic of Kareliae7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“potatoes”
e3“under epiphytotic conditions (low air temperatures and excessive waterlogging) double spraying of vegetative plants with a suspension of live and autoclaved cultures of symbiotic bacteria (EPN-1-1, EPN-2 and EPN-2 -1) reduced the development of rhizoctoniosis compared to the control variant by 50, 64 and 60 %, respectively”
e7“Field research conducted in 2022-2023 in the conditions of the Republic of Karelia on the mid-early potato variety ʻRed Scarlettʼ”
Claim · model-written summary
Double spraying with live and autoclaved symbiotic bacteria (EPN-2 -1) reduced rhizoctoniosis development by 60 % relative to the control in 2022-2023 field trials.
- Taxon
- potatoesSolanum tuberosumt0
- Material
- Red Scarlette7
- Treatment
- double spraying of vegetative plants with a suspension of live and autoclaved cultures of symbiotic bacteriae3
- Interactor
- rhizoctoniosise3pathogen
- Second interactor
- symbiotic bacteriae3biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- development of rhizoctoniosise3
- Direction
- reducede3
- Value
- 60e3
- Qualifier
- epiphytotic conditionse3
- Comparator
- control variante3
- Setting
- Republic of Kareliae7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“potatoes”
e3“under epiphytotic conditions (low air temperatures and excessive waterlogging) double spraying of vegetative plants with a suspension of live and autoclaved cultures of symbiotic bacteria (EPN-1-1, EPN-2 and EPN-2 -1) reduced the development of rhizoctoniosis compared to the control variant by 50, 64 and 60 %, respectively”
e7“Field research conducted in 2022-2023 in the conditions of the Republic of Karelia on the mid-early potato variety ʻRed Scarlettʼ”
Claim · model-written summary
Double treatment with live and autoclaved S. feltiae bacteria was more effective and reduced the degree of scab symptoms 1.3-2.8 times.
- Taxon
- potatoesSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- double treatment with a live and autoclaved aqueous suspension of bacteriae4
- Interactor
- scabe4pathogen
- Second interactor
- S. feltiae
Steinernema feltiaee4biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- degree of development of scab symptomse4
- Direction
- reductione4
- Value
- 1.3–2.8 timese4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“potatoes”
e4“double treatment with a live and autoclaved aqueous suspension of bacteria, symbionts of the subspecies S. feltiae was more effective and ensured a reduction in the degree of development of scab symptoms by 1.3–2.8 times and the spread of rhizoctonia by 1.5–2.0 times”
Claim · model-written summary
Double treatment with live and autoclaved S. feltiae bacteria reduced the spread of rhizoctonia 1.5-2.0 times.
- Taxon
- potatoesSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- double treatment with a live and autoclaved aqueous suspension of bacteriae4
- Interactor
- rhizoctonia
.jpg?width=60)
Rhizoctoniae4pathogen - Second interactor
- S. feltiaeSteinernema feltiaee4biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- spread of rhizoctoniae4
- Direction
- reductione4
- Value
- 1.5–2.0 timese4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“potatoes”
e4“double treatment with a live and autoclaved aqueous suspension of bacteria, symbionts of the subspecies S. feltiae was more effective and ensured a reduction in the degree of development of scab symptoms by 1.3–2.8 times and the spread of rhizoctonia by 1.5–2.0 times”
Claim · model-written summary
Two-fold spraying with live S. feltiae bacteria significantly increased tuber yield by 35 %.
- Taxon
- potatoesSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- 2-fold spraying of plants with a live and autoclaved suspension of symbiotic bacteria S. feltiaee5
- Outcome
- yield of tuberse5
- Direction
- increasese5
- Value
- 35e5
- Qualifier
- livee5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“potatoes”
e5“2-fold spraying of plants with a live and autoclaved suspension of symbiotic bacteria S. feltiae during the growing season significantly increases the yield of tubers by 35–22 %, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Two-fold spraying with autoclaved S. feltiae bacteria significantly increased tuber yield by 22 %.
- Taxon
- potatoesSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- 2-fold spraying of plants with a live and autoclaved suspension of symbiotic bacteria S. feltiaee5
- Outcome
- yield of tuberse5
- Direction
- increasese5
- Value
- 22e5
- Qualifier
- autoclavede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“potatoes”
e5“2-fold spraying of plants with a live and autoclaved suspension of symbiotic bacteria S. feltiae during the growing season significantly increases the yield of tubers by 35–22 %, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest secondary metabolites of Xenorhabdus sp. have significant potential as biological plant protection agents against potato pathogens.
- Taxon
- potatoesSolanum tuberosumt0
- Outcome
- biological plant protection agentse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“potatoes”
e6“the use of biologically active secondary metabolites of Xenorhabdus sp. has significant potential as biological plant protection agents against potato pathogens”
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