Zinc biofortification of wheat through fertilizer and genotype management

Abstract

This study investigated the responses of two wheat varieties, Alvand (Zn-inefficient) and Pishtaz (Zn-efficient), to various zinc (Zn) fertilization methods to determine optimal strategies for enhancing wheat growth and grain quality. The primary aim of this research was to evaluate the effects of various Zn fertilization strategies, including foliar applications of Zn sulfate and Zn-EDTA with and without urea, as well as synthetic Zn amino acid complexes, along with soil applications of Zn sulfate, on the yield and nutritional quality of grains in these two contrasting wheat varieties. The results revealed that wheat varieties responded differently to Zn treatments. While Alvand showed a promising trend of elevated grain yield with foliar zinc sulfate application, Pishtaz exhibited a stronger response to foliar treatments like Zn-Met and Zn-EDTA + urea. Yield components as 1000-grain weight and spike weight, were significantly influenced by Zn fertilization. Foliar application of zinc sulfate + urea enhanced 1000-grain weight in Alvand, whereas Zn-EDTA + urea substantially increased spike weight in Pishtaz. Soil application of zinc sulfate was found to be as an effective method to enhance grain Zn content. Furthermore, the Zn concentrations in flour, straw, bran, and roots elucidated the complex patterns of Zn distribution among various plant tissues. Soil applications were particularly effective in increasing Zn levels in flour and bran, while foliar treatments influenced Zn content in straw and roots. Overall, this research highlights the importance of Zn fertilization strategies for different wheat varieties biofortification. These findings can provide practical implications for sustainable wheat production, addressing Zn deficiency challenges, and advancing food security worldwide. Further exploration into the underlying mechanisms of these responses is encouraged to refine Zn management practices for wheat cultivation.

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Claims 8

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Alvand showed a promising trend of elevated grain yield with foliar zinc sulfate application.

Taxon: wheatTriticum aestivume0
Material: Alvande1
Treatment: foliar zinc sulfate applicatione1
Outcome: grain yielde1
Direction: elevatede1
Qualifier: promising trende1

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

*Triticum aestivum* · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0
“This study investigated the responses of two wheat varieties, Alvand (Zn-inefficient) and Pishtaz (Zn-efficient), to various zinc (Zn) fertilization methods”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–156 · show in text ↑

e1
“While Alvand showed a promising trend of elevated grain yield with foliar zinc sulfate application”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 676–774 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Pishtaz showed a stronger response to foliar treatments such as Zn-Met and Zn-EDTA + urea.

Taxon: wheatTriticum aestivume0
Material: Pishtaze2
Treatment: foliar treatments like Zn-Met and Zn-EDTA + ureae2
Outcome: responsee2
Direction: strongere2

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“This study investigated the responses of two wheat varieties, Alvand (Zn-inefficient) and Pishtaz (Zn-efficient), to various zinc (Zn) fertilization methods”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–156 · show in text ↑

e2
“Pishtaz exhibited a stronger response to foliar treatments like Zn-Met and Zn-EDTA + urea”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 776–865 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Foliar zinc sulfate + urea enhanced 1000-grain weight in Alvand.

Taxon: wheatTriticum aestivume0
Material: Alvande3
Treatment: Foliar application of zinc sulfate + ureae3
Outcome: 1000-grain weighte3
Direction: enhancede3

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“This study investigated the responses of two wheat varieties, Alvand (Zn-inefficient) and Pishtaz (Zn-efficient), to various zinc (Zn) fertilization methods”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–156 · show in text ↑

e3
“Foliar application of zinc sulfate + urea enhanced 1000-grain weight in Alvand”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 974–1052 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Zn-EDTA + urea substantially increased spike weight in Pishtaz.

Taxon: wheatTriticum aestivume0
Material: Pishtaze4
Treatment: Zn-EDTA + ureae4
Outcome: spike weighte4
Direction: increasede4
Qualifier: substantiallye4

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“This study investigated the responses of two wheat varieties, Alvand (Zn-inefficient) and Pishtaz (Zn-efficient), to various zinc (Zn) fertilization methods”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–156 · show in text ↑

e4
“Zn-EDTA + urea substantially increased spike weight in Pishtaz”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1062–1124 · show in text ↑

Associationobservedoriginal resultsignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Yield components 1000-grain weight and spike weight were significantly influenced by zinc fertilization.

Taxon: wheatTriticum aestivume0
Treatment: Zn fertilizatione5
Outcome: 1000-grain weight and spike weighte5

Not reportedDirection

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“This study investigated the responses of two wheat varieties, Alvand (Zn-inefficient) and Pishtaz (Zn-efficient), to various zinc (Zn) fertilization methods”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–156 · show in text ↑

e5
“Yield components as 1000-grain weight and spike weight, were significantly influenced by Zn fertilization”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 867–972 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Soil application of zinc sulfate was as effective as a method to enhance grain Zn content.

Taxon: wheatTriticum aestivume0
Treatment: Soil application of zinc sulfatee6
Outcome: grain Zn contente6
Direction: enhancee6

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“This study investigated the responses of two wheat varieties, Alvand (Zn-inefficient) and Pishtaz (Zn-efficient), to various zinc (Zn) fertilization methods”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–156 · show in text ↑

e6
“Soil application of zinc sulfate was found to be as an effective method to enhance grain Zn content”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1126–1225 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Soil applications increased Zn levels in flour and bran.

Taxon: wheatTriticum aestivume0
Treatment: Soil applicationse7
Outcome: Zn levels in flour and brane7
Direction: increasinge7
Qualifier: particularly effectivee7

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“This study investigated the responses of two wheat varieties, Alvand (Zn-inefficient) and Pishtaz (Zn-efficient), to various zinc (Zn) fertilization methods”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–156 · show in text ↑

e7
“Soil applications were particularly effective in increasing Zn levels in flour and bran”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1375–1462 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Foliar treatments influenced Zn content in straw and roots.

Taxon: wheatTriticum aestivume0
Treatment: foliar treatmentse1
Outcome: Zn content in straw and rootse1

Not reportedComparatorDirection

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“This study investigated the responses of two wheat varieties, Alvand (Zn-inefficient) and Pishtaz (Zn-efficient), to various zinc (Zn) fertilization methods”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–156 · show in text ↑

e1
“foliar treatments influenced Zn content in straw and roots”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1470–1528 · show in text ↑

zinc sulfate · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ

100 papers: 98 positive, 2 negative or no effect

97 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative

no effect
Nutri priming of seeds with zinc sulphate heptahydrate solution could not improve wheat yield over control.
Yield and grain zinc concentration of wheat as affected by nutri priming and foliar application of zinc · 2019 · compared with control
Opposite direction
no effect
Grain yields in insecticide-only and insecticide plus zinc plots were statistically similar.
Compatibility of foliar application of zinc sulphate with insecticides against wheat aphid · 2021 · compared with thiamethoxam and azadirachtin sprayed plots
No difference from an alternative
positive
Soil or foliar application of FeSO4 and ZnSO4, alone or combined, increased plant height, tiller number and spike length of wheat.
Biofortification with Zinc and Iron Improves the Grain Quality and Yield of Wheat Crop · 2020
Same direction

96 papers more in this group

See all 100 papers →

zinc atom · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ

511 papers: 456 positive, 55 negative or no effect

455 papers in the same direction as this paper · 49 in the opposite direction · 6 reporting no difference from an alternative

positive
Zn(Gly)2 priming increased wheat grain yield by 46% over soil applied Zn sulfate.
The effectiveness of seed priming with synthetic zinc-amino acid chelates in comparison with soil-applied ZnSO₄in improving yield and zinc availability of wheat grain · 2015 · compared with soil applied Zn-sulfate treatment
Same directionCited by this paper
positive
Zn amino acid chelates increased grain yield relative to ZnSO4.
Fortification of Bread Wheat Using Synthesized Zn-Glycine and Zn-Alanine Chelates in Comparison with ZnSO₄in a Calcareous Soil · 2020 · compared with ZnSO4 treatment
Same directionCited by this paper
positive
Foliar zinc treatment improved leaf area, height and spikelet number per spike of bread wheat.
Zinc Absorption through Leaves and Subsequent Translocation to the Grains of Bread Wheat after Foliar Spray · 2023
Same directionCited by this paper

507 papers more in this group

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zinc sulfate · nutrient: content · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results

39 papers: 37 positive, 2 negative or no effect

36 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction

negative
Banded ZnSO 4 gave lower grain zinc concentration than broadcast ZnSO 4.
Effects of ZnSO₄ and Zn‐EDTA applied by broadcasting or by banding on soil Zn fractions and Zn uptake by wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under greenhouse conditions · 2019 · compared with broadcast ZnSO 4
Opposite direction
no effect
Leaf and grain zinc contents did not respond beyond 12 kg ZnSO4/fad.
ALLEVIATION THE NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF PHOSPHORUS- ZINC ANTAGONISM ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.) GROWN IN NEWLY RECLAIMED SANDY SOILS · 2007
Opposite direction
positive
Foliar ZnSO 4 yielded about two-fold greater shoot zinc concentrations than root zinc supply or foliar ZnO.
Zinc Mobility in Wheat: Uptake and Distribution of Zinc Applied to Leaves or Roots · 2001 · compared with plants supplied with Zn in the root environment or via foliar spray of ZnO
Same direction

35 papers more in this group

See all 39 papers →

application · nutrient: content · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results

275 papers: 257 positive, 18 negative or no effect

256 papers in the same direction as this paper · 17 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative

271 papers more in this group

See all 275 papers →

application · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results

877 papers: 795 positive, 82 negative or no effect

794 papers in the same direction as this paper · 75 in the opposite direction · 7 reporting no difference from an alternative

positive
Foliar zinc treatment improved leaf area, height and spikelet number per spike of bread wheat.
Zinc Absorption through Leaves and Subsequent Translocation to the Grains of Bread Wheat after Foliar Spray · 2023
Same directionCited by this paper
positive
Combined soil and foliar Zn fertilization increased wheat grain yield by 10–13% over control.
Optimizing zinc fertilization technology in wheat for its sustainable production and improved human nutrition · 2022 · compared with control
Same directionCited by this paper
no effect
Foliar N applications showed no consistent increase or decrease in grain yield, straw yield or straw N.
Influence of Late‐Season Foliar Nitrogen Applications on Yield and Grain Nitrogen in Winter Wheat · 2002
Opposite direction

873 papers more in this group

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nitrogen · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results

2,061 papers: 1,737 positive, 324 negative or no effect

1,736 papers in the same direction as this paper · 285 in the opposite direction · 39 reporting no difference from an alternative

negative
The lowest N rates reduced grain number per square metre at any given photothermal quotient.
The effects of radiation and nitrogen on number of grains in wheat · 1995
Opposite direction
negative
Severe drought with low nitrogen reduced grain yields.
Nitrogen Nutrition Improves the Potential of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to Alleviate the Effects of Drought Stress during Vegetative Growth Periods · 2016
Opposite direction
negative
Low nitrogen reduced grain yield to 4.3 t/ha.
The Effects of Prolonged Drought and Nitrogen Fertilizer on Root and Shoot Growth and Water Uptake by Winter Wheat · 1989 · compared with both N and water
Opposite direction

2,057 papers more in this group

See all 2,061 papers →

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.

Abstract

Claims 8

The same questions in other papers

zinc sulfate · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ

zinc atom · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ

zinc sulfate · nutrient: content · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results

application · nutrient: content · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results

application · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results

nitrogen · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results