Abstract
Precisely because of low nutrient availability and toxicities of nutrients unfertilized alfisols are unable to satisfy the nutrients requirement to meet plants demand. An investigation was carried out to assess the impact of biofertilizer inoculation (no biofertilizers, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) @ 10 kg ha−1, phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) @ 10 kg ha−1, AMF+PSB @ 5 kg each ha−1 and AMF+PSB @ 10 kg each ha−1) and phosphorus levels (15, 30, 45, and 60 kg ha−1) on growth, quality, productivity and profitability of groundnut in alfisols of Western Ghats of Maharashtra, India, in a factorial randomized block design during 2017–18 and 2018–19 growing seasons. It was discovered that groundnuts grew better with 60 kg phosphorus and 10 kg each AMF+PSB ha−1 and produced significantly higher pod yield (35.86 q ha−1), kernel yield (2.52 t ha−1) and harvest index (41.47%). However, inoculation and their interaction did not reach the level of significance, despite the fact that they responded favorably to the high phosphorus (60 kg ha−1) rate. Similarly, plots infused with 60 kg phosphorus ha−1 and AMF+PSB 10 kg each ha−1 significantly exhibited highest oil content (50.62%), protein content (31.93%), total nitrogen (269.71 kg ha−1), phosphorus (8.60 kg ha−1) uptake, nutrient efficiency ratio (40.79 kg kg−1), nutrient harvest index (44.11%), gross return (INR 2,44,388 ha−1), net return (INR 62,209 ha−1), and benefit: cost ratio (B:C ratio) of 1.96. In view of their intense need for nutrients, groundnuts thrived well when given an appropriate combination of inorganic and biological fertilizers.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Groundnut pod yield was significantly higher with 60 kg phosphorus and AMF+PSB 10 kg each ha−1.
- Taxon
- groundnut
Arachis hypogaeae1 - Treatment
- 60 kg phosphorus and 10 kg each AMF+PSB ha−1e1
- Interactor
- AMFe1symbiont
- Second interactor
- PSBe1other
- Outcome
- pod yielde1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 35.86 q ha−1e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“groundnuts grew better with 60 kg phosphorus and 10 kg each AMF+PSB ha−1 and produced significantly higher pod yield (35.86 q ha−1), kernel yield (2.52 t ha−1) and harvest index (41.47%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Groundnut kernel yield was significantly higher with 60 kg phosphorus and AMF+PSB 10 kg each ha−1.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeae1
- Treatment
- 60 kg phosphorus and 10 kg each AMF+PSB ha−1e1
- Interactor
- AMFe1symbiont
- Second interactor
- PSBe1other
- Outcome
- kernel yielde1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 2.52 t ha−1e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“groundnuts grew better with 60 kg phosphorus and 10 kg each AMF+PSB ha−1 and produced significantly higher pod yield (35.86 q ha−1), kernel yield (2.52 t ha−1) and harvest index (41.47%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Groundnut harvest index was significantly higher with 60 kg phosphorus and AMF+PSB 10 kg each ha−1.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeae1
- Treatment
- 60 kg phosphorus and 10 kg each AMF+PSB ha−1e1
- Interactor
- AMFe1symbiont
- Second interactor
- PSBe1other
- Outcome
- harvest indexe1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 41.47%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“groundnuts grew better with 60 kg phosphorus and 10 kg each AMF+PSB ha−1 and produced significantly higher pod yield (35.86 q ha−1), kernel yield (2.52 t ha−1) and harvest index (41.47%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Groundnut grew better with 60 kg phosphorus and AMF+PSB 10 kg each ha−1.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeae1
- Treatment
- 60 kg phosphorus and 10 kg each AMF+PSB ha−1e1
- Interactor
- AMFe1symbiont
- Second interactor
- PSBe1other
- Outcome
- grew bettere1
- Direction
- bettere1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“groundnuts grew better with 60 kg phosphorus and 10 kg each AMF+PSB ha−1 and produced significantly higher pod yield (35.86 q ha−1), kernel yield (2.52 t ha−1) and harvest index (41.47%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation and its interaction with phosphorus did not reach significance in groundnut.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeae1
- Treatment
- inoculatione2
- Direction
- did not reach the level of significancee2
Not reportedComparatorOutcome
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“groundnuts grew better with 60 kg phosphorus and 10 kg each AMF+PSB ha−1 and produced significantly higher pod yield (35.86 q ha−1), kernel yield (2.52 t ha−1) and harvest index (41.47%)”
e2“inoculation and their interaction did not reach the level of significance”
Claim · model-written summary
Oil content was highest (50.62%) with 60 kg phosphorus ha−1 and AMF+PSB 10 kg each ha−1 in groundnut.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeae1
- Treatment
- 60 kg phosphorus ha−1 and AMF+PSB 10 kg each ha−1e3
- Interactor
- AMFe3symbiont
- Second interactor
- PSBe3other
- Outcome
- oil contente3
- Direction
- higheste3
- Value
- 50.62%e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“groundnuts grew better with 60 kg phosphorus and 10 kg each AMF+PSB ha−1 and produced significantly higher pod yield (35.86 q ha−1), kernel yield (2.52 t ha−1) and harvest index (41.47%)”
e3“plots infused with 60 kg phosphorus ha−1 and AMF+PSB 10 kg each ha−1 significantly exhibited highest oil content (50.62%), protein content (31.93%), total nitrogen (269.71 kg ha−1), phosphorus (8.60 kg ha−1) uptake, nutrient efficiency ratio (40.79 kg kg−1), nutrient harvest index (44.11%), gross return (INR 2,44,388 ha−1), net return (INR 62,209 ha−1), and benefit: cost ratio (B:C ratio) of 1.96”
Claim · model-written summary
Protein content was highest (31.93%) with 60 kg phosphorus ha−1 and AMF+PSB 10 kg each ha−1 in groundnut.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeae1
- Treatment
- 60 kg phosphorus ha−1 and AMF+PSB 10 kg each ha−1e3
- Interactor
- AMFe3symbiont
- Second interactor
- PSBe3other
- Outcome
- protein contente3
- Direction
- higheste3
- Value
- 31.93%e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“groundnuts grew better with 60 kg phosphorus and 10 kg each AMF+PSB ha−1 and produced significantly higher pod yield (35.86 q ha−1), kernel yield (2.52 t ha−1) and harvest index (41.47%)”
e3“plots infused with 60 kg phosphorus ha−1 and AMF+PSB 10 kg each ha−1 significantly exhibited highest oil content (50.62%), protein content (31.93%), total nitrogen (269.71 kg ha−1), phosphorus (8.60 kg ha−1) uptake, nutrient efficiency ratio (40.79 kg kg−1), nutrient harvest index (44.11%), gross return (INR 2,44,388 ha−1), net return (INR 62,209 ha−1), and benefit: cost ratio (B:C ratio) of 1.96”
Claim · model-written summary
Total nitrogen was highest (269.71 kg ha−1) with 60 kg phosphorus ha−1 and AMF+PSB 10 kg each ha−1 in groundnut.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeae1
- Treatment
- 60 kg phosphorus ha−1 and AMF+PSB 10 kg each ha−1e3
- Interactor
- AMFe3symbiont
- Second interactor
- PSBe3other
- Outcome
- total nitrogene3
- Direction
- higheste3
- Value
- 269.71 kg ha−1e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“groundnuts grew better with 60 kg phosphorus and 10 kg each AMF+PSB ha−1 and produced significantly higher pod yield (35.86 q ha−1), kernel yield (2.52 t ha−1) and harvest index (41.47%)”
e3“plots infused with 60 kg phosphorus ha−1 and AMF+PSB 10 kg each ha−1 significantly exhibited highest oil content (50.62%), protein content (31.93%), total nitrogen (269.71 kg ha−1), phosphorus (8.60 kg ha−1) uptake, nutrient efficiency ratio (40.79 kg kg−1), nutrient harvest index (44.11%), gross return (INR 2,44,388 ha−1), net return (INR 62,209 ha−1), and benefit: cost ratio (B:C ratio) of 1.96”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphorus uptake was highest (8.60 kg ha−1) with 60 kg phosphorus ha−1 and AMF+PSB 10 kg each ha−1 in groundnut.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeae1
- Treatment
- 60 kg phosphorus ha−1 and AMF+PSB 10 kg each ha−1e3
- Interactor
- AMFe3symbiont
- Second interactor
- PSBe3other
- Outcome
- phosphorus (8.60 kg ha−1) uptakee3
- Direction
- higheste3
- Value
- 8.60 kg ha−1e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“groundnuts grew better with 60 kg phosphorus and 10 kg each AMF+PSB ha−1 and produced significantly higher pod yield (35.86 q ha−1), kernel yield (2.52 t ha−1) and harvest index (41.47%)”
e3“plots infused with 60 kg phosphorus ha−1 and AMF+PSB 10 kg each ha−1 significantly exhibited highest oil content (50.62%), protein content (31.93%), total nitrogen (269.71 kg ha−1), phosphorus (8.60 kg ha−1) uptake, nutrient efficiency ratio (40.79 kg kg−1), nutrient harvest index (44.11%), gross return (INR 2,44,388 ha−1), net return (INR 62,209 ha−1), and benefit: cost ratio (B:C ratio) of 1.96”
Claim · model-written summary
Nutrient efficiency ratio was highest (40.79 kg kg−1) with 60 kg phosphorus ha−1 and AMF+PSB 10 kg each ha−1 in groundnut.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeae1
- Treatment
- 60 kg phosphorus ha−1 and AMF+PSB 10 kg each ha−1e3
- Interactor
- AMFe3symbiont
- Second interactor
- PSBe3other
- Outcome
- nutrient efficiency ratioe3
- Direction
- higheste3
- Value
- 40.79 kg kg−1e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“groundnuts grew better with 60 kg phosphorus and 10 kg each AMF+PSB ha−1 and produced significantly higher pod yield (35.86 q ha−1), kernel yield (2.52 t ha−1) and harvest index (41.47%)”
e3“plots infused with 60 kg phosphorus ha−1 and AMF+PSB 10 kg each ha−1 significantly exhibited highest oil content (50.62%), protein content (31.93%), total nitrogen (269.71 kg ha−1), phosphorus (8.60 kg ha−1) uptake, nutrient efficiency ratio (40.79 kg kg−1), nutrient harvest index (44.11%), gross return (INR 2,44,388 ha−1), net return (INR 62,209 ha−1), and benefit: cost ratio (B:C ratio) of 1.96”
Claim · model-written summary
Nutrient harvest index was highest (44.11%) with 60 kg phosphorus ha−1 and AMF+PSB 10 kg each ha−1 in groundnut.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeae1
- Treatment
- 60 kg phosphorus ha−1 and AMF+PSB 10 kg each ha−1e3
- Interactor
- AMFe3symbiont
- Second interactor
- PSBe3other
- Outcome
- nutrient harvest indexe3
- Direction
- higheste3
- Value
- 44.11%e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“groundnuts grew better with 60 kg phosphorus and 10 kg each AMF+PSB ha−1 and produced significantly higher pod yield (35.86 q ha−1), kernel yield (2.52 t ha−1) and harvest index (41.47%)”
e3“plots infused with 60 kg phosphorus ha−1 and AMF+PSB 10 kg each ha−1 significantly exhibited highest oil content (50.62%), protein content (31.93%), total nitrogen (269.71 kg ha−1), phosphorus (8.60 kg ha−1) uptake, nutrient efficiency ratio (40.79 kg kg−1), nutrient harvest index (44.11%), gross return (INR 2,44,388 ha−1), net return (INR 62,209 ha−1), and benefit: cost ratio (B:C ratio) of 1.96”
Claim · model-written summary
Gross return was highest (INR 2,44,388 ha−1) with 60 kg phosphorus ha−1 and AMF+PSB 10 kg each ha−1 in groundnut.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeae1
- Treatment
- 60 kg phosphorus ha−1 and AMF+PSB 10 kg each ha−1e3
- Interactor
- AMFe3symbiont
- Second interactor
- PSBe3other
- Outcome
- gross returne3
- Direction
- higheste3
- Value
- INR 2,44,388 ha−1e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“groundnuts grew better with 60 kg phosphorus and 10 kg each AMF+PSB ha−1 and produced significantly higher pod yield (35.86 q ha−1), kernel yield (2.52 t ha−1) and harvest index (41.47%)”
e3“plots infused with 60 kg phosphorus ha−1 and AMF+PSB 10 kg each ha−1 significantly exhibited highest oil content (50.62%), protein content (31.93%), total nitrogen (269.71 kg ha−1), phosphorus (8.60 kg ha−1) uptake, nutrient efficiency ratio (40.79 kg kg−1), nutrient harvest index (44.11%), gross return (INR 2,44,388 ha−1), net return (INR 62,209 ha−1), and benefit: cost ratio (B:C ratio) of 1.96”
Claim · model-written summary
Net return was highest (INR 62,209 ha−1) with 60 kg phosphorus ha−1 and AMF+PSB 10 kg each ha−1 in groundnut.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeae1
- Treatment
- 60 kg phosphorus ha−1 and AMF+PSB 10 kg each ha−1e3
- Interactor
- AMFe3symbiont
- Second interactor
- PSBe3other
- Outcome
- net returne3
- Direction
- higheste3
- Value
- INR 62,209 ha−1e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“groundnuts grew better with 60 kg phosphorus and 10 kg each AMF+PSB ha−1 and produced significantly higher pod yield (35.86 q ha−1), kernel yield (2.52 t ha−1) and harvest index (41.47%)”
e3“plots infused with 60 kg phosphorus ha−1 and AMF+PSB 10 kg each ha−1 significantly exhibited highest oil content (50.62%), protein content (31.93%), total nitrogen (269.71 kg ha−1), phosphorus (8.60 kg ha−1) uptake, nutrient efficiency ratio (40.79 kg kg−1), nutrient harvest index (44.11%), gross return (INR 2,44,388 ha−1), net return (INR 62,209 ha−1), and benefit: cost ratio (B:C ratio) of 1.96”
Claim · model-written summary
Benefit:cost ratio was highest (1.96) with 60 kg phosphorus ha−1 and AMF+PSB 10 kg each ha−1 in groundnut.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeae1
- Treatment
- 60 kg phosphorus ha−1 and AMF+PSB 10 kg each ha−1e3
- Interactor
- AMFe3symbiont
- Second interactor
- PSBe3other
- Outcome
- benefit: cost ratio (B:C ratio)e3
- Direction
- higheste3
- Value
- 1.96e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“groundnuts grew better with 60 kg phosphorus and 10 kg each AMF+PSB ha−1 and produced significantly higher pod yield (35.86 q ha−1), kernel yield (2.52 t ha−1) and harvest index (41.47%)”
e3“plots infused with 60 kg phosphorus ha−1 and AMF+PSB 10 kg each ha−1 significantly exhibited highest oil content (50.62%), protein content (31.93%), total nitrogen (269.71 kg ha−1), phosphorus (8.60 kg ha−1) uptake, nutrient efficiency ratio (40.79 kg kg−1), nutrient harvest index (44.11%), gross return (INR 2,44,388 ha−1), net return (INR 62,209 ha−1), and benefit: cost ratio (B:C ratio) of 1.96”
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8 of 12 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.