Abstract
Abstract Sicklepod is one of the most difficult to control weeds in peanut production in the southeastern United States due to its extended emergence pattern and limited effective herbicides for control. Growers rely on preemergence herbicides as the foundation of their weed control programs; however, postemergence herbicides are often needed for season-long weed control. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of planting pattern and herbicide combinations for sicklepod control in peanut crops. Due to rapid canopy closure, twin-row planting improved late-season sicklepod control by 13% and peanut yield by 5% compared with a single-row pattern. A preemergence application of fluridone, flumioxazin, or fluridone + flumioxazin provided 76% to 89% control of sicklepod 28 d after preemergence. Regardless of the herbicide applied preemergence, paraquat + bentazon + S -metolachlor applied early postemergence was required to achieve ≥90% sicklepod control 28 d after early postemergence. All preemergence herbicide treatments followed by (fb) S -metolachlor or diclosulam + S -metolachlor applied early postemergence provided <90% control 28 d after early postemergence. A mid-postemergence application of imazapic + dimethenamid- P + 2,4-DB controlled sicklepod by 67% to 79% prior to peanut harvest, and biomass reduction was unacceptable (<80%), resulting in difficulty in peanut digging. The highest peanut yield was observed when paraquat + bentazon + S -metolachlor was applied early postemergence fb imazapic + dimethenamid- P + 2,4-DB applied mid-postemergence. Based on the results of this study, a herbicide combination of paraquat + bentazon + S -metolachlor is an important early-season tool for controlling sicklepod in peanut crops. The results also showed that a twin-row planting pattern improved late-season sicklepod control but did not reduce herbicide input to protect peanut yield.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Twin-row planting improved late-season sicklepod control by 13% compared with single-row planting.
- Taxon
- peanut
Arachis hypogaeae0 - Treatment
- twin-row plantinge0
- Interactor
- sicklepode0weed
- Outcome
- sicklepod controle0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 13%e0
- Comparator
- single-row patterne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“twin-row planting improved late-season sicklepod control by 13% and peanut yield by 5% compared with a single-row pattern.”
Claim · model-written summary
Twin-row planting improved peanut yield by 5% compared with single-row planting.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae0
- Treatment
- twin-row plantinge0
- Outcome
- peanut yielde0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 5%e0
- Comparator
- single-row patterne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“twin-row planting improved late-season sicklepod control by 13% and peanut yield by 5% compared with a single-row pattern.”
Claim · model-written summary
Preemergence fluridone gave 76% to 89% sicklepod control at 28 days.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- fluridonee0
- Interactor
- sicklepode0weed
- Outcome
- control of sicklepode0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
- Value
- 76% to 89%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A preemergence application of fluridone, flumioxazin, or fluridone + flumioxazin provided 76% to 89% control of sicklepod 28 d after preemergence.”
t0“peanut”
Claim · model-written summary
Preemergence flumioxazin gave 76% to 89% sicklepod control at 28 days.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- flumioxazine0
- Interactor
- sicklepode0weed
- Outcome
- control of sicklepode0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
- Value
- 76% to 89%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A preemergence application of fluridone, flumioxazin, or fluridone + flumioxazin provided 76% to 89% control of sicklepod 28 d after preemergence.”
t0“peanut”
Claim · model-written summary
Preemergence fluridone plus flumioxazin gave 76% to 89% sicklepod control at 28 days.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- fluridone + flumioxazine0
- Interactor
- sicklepode0weed
- Outcome
- control of sicklepode0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
- Value
- 76% to 89%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A preemergence application of fluridone, flumioxazin, or fluridone + flumioxazin provided 76% to 89% control of sicklepod 28 d after preemergence.”
t0“peanut”
Claim · model-written summary
Early postemergence paraquat plus bentazon plus S-metolachlor was needed for at least 90% sicklepod control.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- paraquat + bentazon + S -metolachlore0
- Interactor
- sicklepode0weed
- Outcome
- sicklepod controle0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
- Value
- ≥90%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“peanut”
e0“paraquat + bentazon + S -metolachlor applied early postemergence was required to achieve ≥90% sicklepod control 28 d after early postemergence.”
Claim · model-written summary
Preemergence herbicides followed by S-metolachlor gave under 90% sicklepod control.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- S -metolachlore0
- Outcome
- controle0
- Direction
- lowerinferrede0
- Value
- <90%e0
Not reportedInteractorComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“peanut”
e0“All preemergence herbicide treatments followed by (fb) S -metolachlor or diclosulam + S -metolachlor applied early postemergence provided <90% control 28 d after early postemergence.”
Claim · model-written summary
Preemergence herbicides followed by diclosulam plus S-metolachlor gave under 90% sicklepod control.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- diclosulam + S -metolachlore0
- Outcome
- controle0
- Direction
- lowerinferrede0
- Value
- <90%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“peanut”
e0“All preemergence herbicide treatments followed by (fb) S -metolachlor or diclosulam + S -metolachlor applied early postemergence provided <90% control 28 d after early postemergence.”
Claim · model-written summary
Mid-postemergence imazapic plus dimethenamid-P plus 2,4-DB controlled sicklepod by 67% to 79% before harvest.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae0
- Treatment
- imazapic + dimethenamid- P + 2,4-DBe0
- Interactor
- sicklepode0weed
- Outcome
- sicklepode0
- Direction
- controllede0
- Value
- 67% to 79%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A mid-postemergence application of imazapic + dimethenamid- P + 2,4-DB controlled sicklepod by 67% to 79% prior to peanut harvest”
Claim · model-written summary
The mid-postemergence treatment reduced sicklepod biomass by less than 80%, making peanut digging difficult.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- imazapic + dimethenamid- P + 2,4-DBe1
- Interactor
- sicklepode1weed
- Outcome
- biomass reductione0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- <80%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“peanut”
e0“biomass reduction was unacceptable (<80%), resulting in difficulty in peanut digging.”
e1“A mid-postemergence application of imazapic + dimethenamid- P + 2,4-DB controlled sicklepod”
Claim · model-written summary
Peanut yield was highest with early paraquat, bentazon and S-metolachlor followed by mid-postemergence imazapic, dimethenamid-P and 2,4-DB.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae0
- Treatment
- paraquat + bentazon + S -metolachlor was applied early postemergence fb imazapic + dimethenamid- P + 2,4-DBe0
- Outcome
- peanut yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest peanut yield was observed when paraquat + bentazon + S -metolachlor was applied early postemergence fb imazapic + dimethenamid- P + 2,4-DB applied mid-postemergence.”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors recommend paraquat plus bentazon plus S-metolachlor for early sicklepod control.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae0
- Treatment
- paraquat + bentazon + S -metolachlore0
- Interactor
- sicklepode0weed
- Outcome
- important early-season tool for controlling sicklepode0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a herbicide combination of paraquat + bentazon + S -metolachlor is an important early-season tool for controlling sicklepod in peanut crops.”
Claim · model-written summary
Twin-row planting did not reduce herbicide input needed to protect peanut yield.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae0
- Treatment
- twin-row planting patterne0
- Outcome
- herbicide inpute0
- Direction
- did not reducee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a twin-row planting pattern improved late-season sicklepod control but did not reduce herbicide input to protect peanut yield.”
The same questions in other papers
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- no effect
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See all 24 papers →8 of 12 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.