Abstract
Wheat is a staple crop of around half of the world's population. About 30 percent of the world’s population is suffering from Zn deficiency. Zn deficiency problems can be encountered by agronomic and genetic biofortification. Phosphorus (P) is an important plant macronutrient and has an antagonistic relationship with Zn. A field study was performed to evaluate the impact of different Zn application methods and P doses on growth, yield, and grain Zn contents of wheat at the Agronomic Research Farm, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan, using a high accumulation wheat variety Zincol-2016. Three doses of P (100, 150, and 200% of recommended P) along with three Zn application methods (seed priming, soil mixing, and foliar application) were applied to wheat using randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates under split-plot arrangement. All agronomic practices were kept normal and uniform for all treatments. Parameters including growth, yield, and Zn content in wheat grains were monitored using standard protocols. The results were evaluated using Fisher’s analysis of variance at a 5% probability level. A comparison of means of treatments was performed using the least significant difference (LSD) test. The highest value of SPAD reading (56.38) was noted in treatment where Zn was applied as priming and P was applied at 200%. Maximum crop growth rate (63.17) was observed in P3 where Zn was applied as mix in soil. Maximum spike length (14.25), spikelets per spike (17.67), and Zn concentration were observed in P3 as a result of foliar application of Zn. Highest grain weight per spike (1.89g), no. of tillers (691.01), grain yield (4.09 t ha-1), biological yield (11.01 t ha-1), harvest index (36.54%) and NDVI (0.42 were observed in P3 where Zn was applied as soil mix.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Seed priming with Zn and 200% P gave the highest SPAD reading, 56.38.
- Taxon
- WHEAT
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- Zn was applied as priming and P was applied at 200%e0
- Outcome
- SPAD readinge0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 56.38e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest value of SPAD reading (56.38) was noted in treatment where Zn was applied as priming and P was applied at 200%”
t0“WHEAT”
Claim · model-written summary
P3 with soil-mixed Zn gave the maximum crop growth rate, 63.17.
- Taxon
- WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- P3 where Zn was applied as mix in soile0
- Outcome
- crop growth ratee0
- Direction
- Maximume0
- Value
- 63.17e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maximum crop growth rate (63.17) was observed in P3 where Zn was applied as mix in soil”
t0“WHEAT”
Claim · model-written summary
P3 with foliar Zn gave maximum spike length, 14.25.
- Taxon
- WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- P3 as a result of foliar application of Zne0
- Outcome
- spike lengthe0
- Direction
- Maximume0
- Value
- 14.25e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maximum spike length (14.25), spikelets per spike (17.67), and Zn concentration were observed in P3 as a result of foliar application of Zn”
t0“WHEAT”
Claim · model-written summary
P3 with foliar Zn gave maximum spikelets per spike, 17.67.
- Taxon
- WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- P3 as a result of foliar application of Zne0
- Outcome
- spikelets per spikee0
- Direction
- Maximume0
- Value
- 17.67e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maximum spike length (14.25), spikelets per spike (17.67), and Zn concentration were observed in P3 as a result of foliar application of Zn”
t0“WHEAT”
Claim · model-written summary
P3 with foliar Zn gave maximum Zn concentration.
- Taxon
- WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- P3 as a result of foliar application of Zne0
- Outcome
- Zn concentratione0
- Direction
- Maximume0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maximum spike length (14.25), spikelets per spike (17.67), and Zn concentration were observed in P3 as a result of foliar application of Zn”
t0“WHEAT”
Claim · model-written summary
P3 with soil-mixed Zn gave the highest grain weight per spike.
- Taxon
- WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- P3 where Zn was applied as soil mixe0
- Outcome
- grain weight per spikee0
- Direction
- Higheste0
- Value
- 1.89ge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Highest grain weight per spike (1.89g), no. of tillers (691.01), grain yield (4.09 t ha-1), biological yield (11.01 t ha-1), harvest index (36.54%) and NDVI (0.42 were observed in P3 where Zn was applied as soil mix”
t0“WHEAT”
Claim · model-written summary
P3 with soil-mixed Zn gave the highest no. of tillers.
- Taxon
- WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- P3 where Zn was applied as soil mixe0
- Outcome
- no. of tillerse0
- Direction
- Higheste0
- Value
- 691.01e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Highest grain weight per spike (1.89g), no. of tillers (691.01), grain yield (4.09 t ha-1), biological yield (11.01 t ha-1), harvest index (36.54%) and NDVI (0.42 were observed in P3 where Zn was applied as soil mix”
t0“WHEAT”
Claim · model-written summary
P3 with soil-mixed Zn gave the highest grain yield.
- Taxon
- WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- P3 where Zn was applied as soil mixe0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- Higheste0
- Value
- 4.09 t ha-1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Highest grain weight per spike (1.89g), no. of tillers (691.01), grain yield (4.09 t ha-1), biological yield (11.01 t ha-1), harvest index (36.54%) and NDVI (0.42 were observed in P3 where Zn was applied as soil mix”
t0“WHEAT”
Claim · model-written summary
P3 with soil-mixed Zn gave the highest biological yield.
- Taxon
- WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- P3 where Zn was applied as soil mixe0
- Outcome
- biological yielde0
- Direction
- Higheste0
- Value
- 11.01 t ha-1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Highest grain weight per spike (1.89g), no. of tillers (691.01), grain yield (4.09 t ha-1), biological yield (11.01 t ha-1), harvest index (36.54%) and NDVI (0.42 were observed in P3 where Zn was applied as soil mix”
t0“WHEAT”
Claim · model-written summary
P3 with soil-mixed Zn gave the highest harvest index.
- Taxon
- WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- P3 where Zn was applied as soil mixe0
- Outcome
- harvest indexe0
- Direction
- Higheste0
- Value
- 36.54%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Highest grain weight per spike (1.89g), no. of tillers (691.01), grain yield (4.09 t ha-1), biological yield (11.01 t ha-1), harvest index (36.54%) and NDVI (0.42 were observed in P3 where Zn was applied as soil mix”
t0“WHEAT”
Claim · model-written summary
P3 with soil-mixed Zn gave the highest NDVI.
- Taxon
- WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- P3 where Zn was applied as soil mixe0
- Outcome
- NDVIe0
- Direction
- Higheste0
- Value
- 0.42e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Highest grain weight per spike (1.89g), no. of tillers (691.01), grain yield (4.09 t ha-1), biological yield (11.01 t ha-1), harvest index (36.54%) and NDVI (0.42 were observed in P3 where Zn was applied as soil mix”
t0“WHEAT”
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