Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a vital staple crop, feeding over half of the global population. Despite its significance, rice cultivation faces challenges due to its high-water demand and reliance on conventional fertilizers, which can degrade soil health and increase environmental pollution. This study, conducted at the Student's Instructional Farm, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur, over two consecutive Kharif seasons (2022 and 2023), aimed to evaluate the effects of water management practices and nano fertilizers on different rice varieties. A split-plot design was used, with water management systems (I1- Flooding throughout crop growth (3+/-2cm), I2- Saturation maintenance up to PI and (3+/-2cm) after PI, and I3- Alternate wetting and drying) in main plot, three varieties (V1- NDR 2064, V2- Pusa Basmati 1509 and V3- Arize 6444 Gold) in sub plot and five nano fertilizers treatments (F1- 100% RD- N120kg/h P60kg/h K40kg/h + Zn25kg/h, F2- 100% RD- N120kg/h P60kg/h K40kg/h + Zn25kg/h + Nano fertilizers (Urea4ml/l + DAP4ml/lit + Zn0.5ml/l, F3- 75% RD- N90kg/ha P45kg/ha K30kg/ha + Zn18.75kg/ha + Nano fertilizers (Urea4ml/l + DAP4ml/lit + Zn0.5ml/l), F4- 50% RD- N60kg/ha P30kg/ha K20kg/ha + Zn12.5kg/ha + Nano fertilizers (Urea4ml/l + DAP4ml/lit + Zn0.5ml/l) and F5- Nano fertilizers (Urea4ml/l + DAP4ml/lit + Zn0.5ml/l)) in sub- sub plots with three replications. Results advocated that saturation irrigation significantly improved plant height, tiller count, dry matter accumulation, and leaf area index as compared to continuous flooding and alternate wetting and drying. Among the rice varieties, Arize-6444 Gold outperformed others in terms of tiller number and dry matter accumulation. Nano fertilizers, especially at 75% RD- N90kg/ha P45kg/ha K30kg/ha + Zn18.75kg/ha + Nano fertilizers (Urea4ml/l + DAP4ml/lit + Zn0.5ml/l) improved nutrient efficiency, leading to increased tiller counts, reduced tiller mortality, and higher dry matter accumulation. The combined use of optimized water management practices and nano fertilizers showed potential to reduce water use and improve rice productivity, offering a more sustainable approach to rice cultivation. These findings suggest that integrating saturation irrigation practice and nano-fertilizers can enhance rice yields while conserving water and minimizing the environmental footprint, addressing critical challenges in modern rice production.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Saturation irrigation significantly improved rice plant height relative to continuous flooding and alternate wetting and drying.
- Taxon
- Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- saturation irrigatione0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- continuous flooding and alternate wetting and dryinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“saturation irrigation significantly improved plant height, tiller count, dry matter accumulation, and leaf area index as compared to continuous flooding and alternate wetting and drying”
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Saturation irrigation significantly improved rice tiller count relative to the two other water regimes.
- Taxon
- Rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- saturation irrigatione0
- Outcome
- tiller counte0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- continuous flooding and alternate wetting and dryinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“saturation irrigation significantly improved plant height, tiller count, dry matter accumulation, and leaf area index as compared to continuous flooding and alternate wetting and drying”
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Saturation irrigation significantly improved rice dry matter accumulation relative to the two other water regimes.
- Taxon
- Rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- saturation irrigatione0
- Outcome
- dry matter accumulatione0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- continuous flooding and alternate wetting and dryinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“saturation irrigation significantly improved plant height, tiller count, dry matter accumulation, and leaf area index as compared to continuous flooding and alternate wetting and drying”
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Saturation irrigation significantly improved rice leaf area index relative to the two other water regimes.
- Taxon
- Rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- saturation irrigatione0
- Outcome
- leaf area indexe0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- continuous flooding and alternate wetting and dryinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“saturation irrigation significantly improved plant height, tiller count, dry matter accumulation, and leaf area index as compared to continuous flooding and alternate wetting and drying”
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Arize-6444 Gold outperformed other rice varieties in tiller number.
- Taxon
- Rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Material
- Arize-6444 Golde0
- Outcome
- tiller numbere0
- Direction
- outperformede0
- Comparator
- otherse0
Not reportedTreatment
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Arize-6444 Gold outperformed others in terms of tiller number and dry matter accumulation”
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Arize-6444 Gold outperformed other rice varieties in dry matter accumulation.
- Taxon
- Rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Material
- Arize-6444 Golde0
- Outcome
- dry matter accumulatione0
- Direction
- outperformede0
- Comparator
- otherse0
Not reportedTreatment
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Arize-6444 Gold outperformed others in terms of tiller number and dry matter accumulation”
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The 75% RD nano fertilizer treatment improved rice nutrient efficiency.
- Taxon
- Rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 75% RD- N90kg/ha P45kg/ha K30kg/ha + Zn18.75kg/ha + Nano fertilizers (Urea4ml/l + DAP4ml/lit + Zn0.5ml/l)e0
- Outcome
- nutrient efficiencye0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“75% RD- N90kg/ha P45kg/ha K30kg/ha + Zn18.75kg/ha + Nano fertilizers (Urea4ml/l + DAP4ml/lit + Zn0.5ml/l) improved nutrient efficiency, leading to increased tiller counts, reduced tiller mortality, and higher dry matter accumulation”
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The 75% RD nano fertilizer treatment increased rice tiller counts.
- Taxon
- Rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 75% RD- N90kg/ha P45kg/ha K30kg/ha + Zn18.75kg/ha + Nano fertilizers (Urea4ml/l + DAP4ml/lit + Zn0.5ml/l)e0
- Outcome
- tiller countse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“75% RD- N90kg/ha P45kg/ha K30kg/ha + Zn18.75kg/ha + Nano fertilizers (Urea4ml/l + DAP4ml/lit + Zn0.5ml/l) improved nutrient efficiency, leading to increased tiller counts, reduced tiller mortality, and higher dry matter accumulation”
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The 75% RD nano fertilizer treatment reduced rice tiller mortality.
- Taxon
- Rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 75% RD- N90kg/ha P45kg/ha K30kg/ha + Zn18.75kg/ha + Nano fertilizers (Urea4ml/l + DAP4ml/lit + Zn0.5ml/l)e0
- Outcome
- tiller mortalitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“75% RD- N90kg/ha P45kg/ha K30kg/ha + Zn18.75kg/ha + Nano fertilizers (Urea4ml/l + DAP4ml/lit + Zn0.5ml/l) improved nutrient efficiency, leading to increased tiller counts, reduced tiller mortality, and higher dry matter accumulation”
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The 75% RD nano fertilizer treatment higher rice dry matter accumulation.
- Taxon
- Rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 75% RD- N90kg/ha P45kg/ha K30kg/ha + Zn18.75kg/ha + Nano fertilizers (Urea4ml/l + DAP4ml/lit + Zn0.5ml/l)e0
- Outcome
- dry matter accumulatione0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“75% RD- N90kg/ha P45kg/ha K30kg/ha + Zn18.75kg/ha + Nano fertilizers (Urea4ml/l + DAP4ml/lit + Zn0.5ml/l) improved nutrient efficiency, leading to increased tiller counts, reduced tiller mortality, and higher dry matter accumulation”
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined optimized water management and nano fertilizers showed potential to reduce rice water use.
- Taxon
- Rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- combined use of optimized water management practices and nano fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- water usee0
- Direction
- reducee0
- Qualifier
- showed potentiale0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The combined use of optimized water management practices and nano fertilizers showed potential to reduce water use and improve rice productivity”
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined optimized water management and nano fertilizers showed potential to improve rice productivity.
- Taxon
- Rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- combined use of optimized water management practices and nano fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- rice productivitye0
- Direction
- improvee0
- Qualifier
- showed potentiale0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The combined use of optimized water management practices and nano fertilizers showed potential to reduce water use and improve rice productivity”
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest saturation irrigation and nano fertilizers to enhance rice yields while conserving water and minimizing environmental footprint.
- Taxon
- Rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- integrating saturation irrigation practice and nano-fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- enhance rice yields while conserving water and minimizing the environmental footprinte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“integrating saturation irrigation practice and nano-fertilizers can enhance rice yields while conserving water and minimizing the environmental footprint”
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
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