Abstract
Roses are one of the most important flowers applied to landscape, cut flowers, fragrance and food industries widely. As an effective method for plant reproduction, the regeneration via somatic embryos is the most promising method for breed improvement and genetic transformation of woody plants. However, lower somatic embryogenesis (SE) induction rates and genotypic constraints impede progress in genetic transformation in rose. This study describes a plant regeneration system for the famous red cut flower cultivar Rosa hybrida ‘Carola’. The stems without petioles cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 1.0 mg·L−1 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA), 0.05 mg·L−1 a-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and 30 g·L−1 sucrose showed the maximum proliferation coefficient of shoots with 3.41 for the micropropagation system. We evaluated the effects of different plant growth regulators (PGRs) on the induction, proliferation and conversion of somatic embryos. The induction rate of calli reached 100% on MS medium supplemented with 2.0 g·L−1 NAA and 30 g·L−1 glucose. The highest induction rate of somatic embryos achieved a frequency of 13.33% on MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg·L−1 zeatin (ZT), 0.1 mg·L−1 NAA and 30 g·L−1 glucose. The most suitable carbohydrate with 60 g·L−1 glucose resulted in a proliferation rate of somatic embryos (4.02) on MS medium containing 1.5 mg·L−1 ZT, 0.2 mg·L−1 NAA and 0.1 mg·L−1 gibberellic acid (GA3). The highest somatic embryos germination rate (43.33%) was obtained from the MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg·L−1 6-BA, 0.01 mg·L−1 IBA and 30 g·L−1 glucose. Finally, the germinated somatic embryos successfully rooted on 1/2 MS medium containing 1.0 mg·L−1 NAA, 30 g·L−1 sucrose, and the vigorous plantlets were obtained after hardening-off culture. This study provided a stable and efficient protocol for plant regeneration via somatic embryos in R. hybrida ‘Carola’, which will be beneficial to the further theoretical study and genetic improvement in roses.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
In rose Carola, maximum proliferation coefficient of shoots reached 3.41 under the stated medium.
- Taxon
- Rosa hybrida ‘Carola’
Rosa hybrid cultivart0 - Treatment
- The stems without petioles cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 1.0 mg·L−1 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA), 0.05 mg·L−1 a-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and 30 g·L−1 sucrosee0
- Outcome
- maximum proliferation coefficient of shootse0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 3.41e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The stems without petioles cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 1.0 mg·L−1 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA), 0.05 mg·L−1 a-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and 30 g·L−1 sucrose showed the maximum proliferation coefficient of shoots with 3.41 for the micropropagation system.”
t0“Rosa hybrida ‘Carola’”
Claim · model-written summary
In rose Carola, induction rate of calli reached 100% under the stated medium.
- Taxon
- Rosa hybrida ‘Carola’Rosa hybrid cultivart0
- Treatment
- MS medium supplemented with 2.0 g·L−1 NAA and 30 g·L−1 glucosee0
- Outcome
- induction rate of callie0
- Direction
- reachede0
- Value
- 100%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The induction rate of calli reached 100% on MS medium supplemented with 2.0 g·L−1 NAA and 30 g·L−1 glucose.”
t0“Rosa hybrida ‘Carola’”
Claim · model-written summary
In rose Carola, induction rate of somatic embryos reached 13.33% under the stated medium.
- Taxon
- Rosa hybrida ‘Carola’Rosa hybrid cultivart0
- Treatment
- MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg·L−1 zeatin (ZT), 0.1 mg·L−1 NAA and 30 g·L−1 glucosee0
- Outcome
- induction rate of somatic embryose0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 13.33%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest induction rate of somatic embryos achieved a frequency of 13.33% on MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg·L−1 zeatin (ZT), 0.1 mg·L−1 NAA and 30 g·L−1 glucose.”
t0“Rosa hybrida ‘Carola’”
Claim · model-written summary
In rose Carola, proliferation rate of somatic embryos reached 4.02 under the stated medium.
- Taxon
- Rosa hybrida ‘Carola’Rosa hybrid cultivart0
- Treatment
- 60 g·L−1 glucosee0
- Outcome
- proliferation rate of somatic embryose0
- Direction
- most suitablee0
- Value
- 4.02e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The most suitable carbohydrate with 60 g·L−1 glucose resulted in a proliferation rate of somatic embryos (4.02) on MS medium containing 1.5 mg·L−1 ZT, 0.2 mg·L−1 NAA and 0.1 mg·L−1 gibberellic acid (GA3).”
t0“Rosa hybrida ‘Carola’”
Claim · model-written summary
In rose Carola, somatic embryos germination rate reached 43.33% under the stated medium.
- Taxon
- Rosa hybrida ‘Carola’Rosa hybrid cultivart0
- Treatment
- MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg·L−1 6-BA, 0.01 mg·L−1 IBA and 30 g·L−1 glucosee0
- Outcome
- somatic embryos germination ratee0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 43.33%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest somatic embryos germination rate (43.33%) was obtained from the MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg·L−1 6-BA, 0.01 mg·L−1 IBA and 30 g·L−1 glucose.”
t0“Rosa hybrida ‘Carola’”
Claim · model-written summary
Germinated rose somatic embryos rooted on the specified medium.
- Taxon
- Rosa hybrida ‘Carola’Rosa hybrid cultivart0
- Treatment
- 1/2 MS medium containing 1.0 mg·L−1 NAA, 30 g·L−1 sucrosee0
- Outcome
- germinated somatic embryos successfully rootede0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the germinated somatic embryos successfully rooted on 1/2 MS medium containing 1.0 mg·L−1 NAA, 30 g·L−1 sucrose, and the vigorous plantlets were obtained after hardening-off culture.”
t0“Rosa hybrida ‘Carola’”
Claim · model-written summary
Vigorous plantlets were obtained after hardening off.
- Taxon
- Rosa hybrida ‘Carola’Rosa hybrid cultivart0
- Treatment
- hardening-off culturee0
- Outcome
- vigorous plantlets were obtainede0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the germinated somatic embryos successfully rooted on 1/2 MS medium containing 1.0 mg·L−1 NAA, 30 g·L−1 sucrose, and the vigorous plantlets were obtained after hardening-off culture.”
t0“Rosa hybrida ‘Carola’”
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