Abstract
A field experiment was conducted at the Crop Research Centre of School of Agriculture, ITM University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh during rabi 2021–22 and 2022–23 to study the influence of phosphorus and bio-fertilizers on growth and yield of chickpea under sub-tropical condition of Madhya Pradesh. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (factorial experiment) by taking four levels of phosphorus, viz. 0 kg P2 O5 /ha, 30 kg P2 O5 /ha, 40 kg P2 O5 /ha, 50 kg P2 O5 /ha and bio-fertilizers (No inoculation, PSB (B. thuringiensis) @ 20 g/kg of seed, Rhizobium (Mesorhizobium) @ 20 g/kg of seed PSB (B. thuringiensis) + Rhizobium (Mesorhizobium) which were replicated thrice. The chickpea variety “JG-16” was uniformly fertilized by 20 kg N/ ha through Urea. However, phosphorus and bio-fertilizers were applied as per the requirement of the treatments. The crop was managed as per the recommended package and practices. The experimental study revealed that among the phosphorus levels, the application of 50 kg P/ha recorded significantly highest plant height, number of nodules, shoot dry matter accumulation, number of primary and secondary branches. Further, it also produced highest seed, stover, biological yield and harvest index. Similar, result showed in N, P, K uptake. However, among the bio-fertilizers, application of Phosphate solubilizing bacteria (B. thuringiensis) + Rhizobium Mesorhizobium resulted in highest plant height, number of nodules, shoot dry matter accumulation, number of primary and secondary branches, seed and stover yield, biological yield and harvest index of chickpea. Application of 50 kg ha-1 phosphorus and combined treatment of Phosphate solubilizing bacteria (B. thuringiensis) + Rhizobium (Mesorhizobium) resulted in highest gross return, net return and Benefit: cost ratio.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
50 kg P/ha gave the highest plant height, nodule number and shoot dry matter.
- Taxon
- chickpea
Cicer arietinumt0 - Treatment
- 50 kg P/hae0
- Outcome
- plant height, number of nodules, shoot dry matter accumulatione0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Comparator
- phosphorus levelse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“among the phosphorus levels, the application of 50 kg P/ha recorded significantly highest plant height, number of nodules, shoot dry matter accumulation, number of primary and secondary branches.”
t0“chickpea”
t1“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
50 kg P/ha gave the highest primary and secondary branch number.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- 50 kg P/hae0
- Outcome
- number of primary and secondary branchese0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Comparator
- phosphorus levelse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“among the phosphorus levels, the application of 50 kg P/ha recorded significantly highest plant height, number of nodules, shoot dry matter accumulation, number of primary and secondary branches.”
t0“chickpea”
t1“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
50 kg P/ha produced the highest seed, stover and biological yield.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- 50 kg P/hae1
- Outcome
- seed, stover, biological yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Further, it also produced highest seed, stover, biological yield and harvest index.”
t0“chickpea”
t1“chickpea”
e1“among the phosphorus levels, the application of 50 kg P/ha recorded significantly highest plant height, number of nodules, shoot dry matter accumulation, number of primary and secondary branches.”
Claim · model-written summary
50 kg P/ha produced the highest harvest index.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- 50 kg P/hae1
- Outcome
- harvest indexe0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Further, it also produced highest seed, stover, biological yield and harvest index.”
t0“chickpea”
t1“chickpea”
e1“among the phosphorus levels, the application of 50 kg P/ha recorded significantly highest plant height, number of nodules, shoot dry matter accumulation, number of primary and secondary branches.”
Claim · model-written summary
The phosphorus result was similar for N, P and K uptake.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- 50 kg P/hae1
- Outcome
- N, P, K uptakee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Similar, result showed in N, P, K uptake.”
t0“chickpea”
t1“chickpea”
e1“among the phosphorus levels, the application of 50 kg P/ha recorded significantly highest plant height, number of nodules, shoot dry matter accumulation, number of primary and secondary branches.”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined bacterial and rhizobial fertilizer gave the highest plant height, nodules and shoot dry matter.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- Phosphate solubilizing bacteria (B. thuringiensis) + Rhizobium Mesorhizobiume0
- Outcome
- plant height, number of nodules, shoot dry matter accumulatione0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of Phosphate solubilizing bacteria (B. thuringiensis) + Rhizobium Mesorhizobium resulted in highest plant height, number of nodules, shoot dry matter accumulation, number of primary and secondary branches, seed and stover yield, biological yield and harvest index of chickpea.”
t0“Effect of varying levels of phosphorus and bio-fertilizers on growth and yield of chickpea under sub-tropical condition”
t1“Effect of varying levels of phosphorus and bio-fertilizers on growth and yield of chickpea under sub-tropical condition”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined bacterial and rhizobial fertilizer gave the highest primary and secondary branch number.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- Phosphate solubilizing bacteria (B. thuringiensis) + Rhizobium Mesorhizobiume0
- Outcome
- number of primary and secondary branchese0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of Phosphate solubilizing bacteria (B. thuringiensis) + Rhizobium Mesorhizobium resulted in highest plant height, number of nodules, shoot dry matter accumulation, number of primary and secondary branches, seed and stover yield, biological yield and harvest index of chickpea.”
t0“Effect of varying levels of phosphorus and bio-fertilizers on growth and yield of chickpea under sub-tropical condition”
t1“Effect of varying levels of phosphorus and bio-fertilizers on growth and yield of chickpea under sub-tropical condition”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined bacterial and rhizobial fertilizer gave the highest seed, stover and biological yield.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- Phosphate solubilizing bacteria (B. thuringiensis) + Rhizobium Mesorhizobiume0
- Outcome
- seed and stover yield, biological yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of Phosphate solubilizing bacteria (B. thuringiensis) + Rhizobium Mesorhizobium resulted in highest plant height, number of nodules, shoot dry matter accumulation, number of primary and secondary branches, seed and stover yield, biological yield and harvest index of chickpea.”
t0“Effect of varying levels of phosphorus and bio-fertilizers on growth and yield of chickpea under sub-tropical condition”
t1“Effect of varying levels of phosphorus and bio-fertilizers on growth and yield of chickpea under sub-tropical condition”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined bacterial and rhizobial fertilizer gave the highest harvest index.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- Phosphate solubilizing bacteria (B. thuringiensis) + Rhizobium Mesorhizobiume0
- Outcome
- harvest indexe0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of Phosphate solubilizing bacteria (B. thuringiensis) + Rhizobium Mesorhizobium resulted in highest plant height, number of nodules, shoot dry matter accumulation, number of primary and secondary branches, seed and stover yield, biological yield and harvest index of chickpea.”
t0“Effect of varying levels of phosphorus and bio-fertilizers on growth and yield of chickpea under sub-tropical condition”
t1“Effect of varying levels of phosphorus and bio-fertilizers on growth and yield of chickpea under sub-tropical condition”
Claim · model-written summary
The joint phosphorus and microbial fertilizer treatment gave the highest gross and net returns and benefit-cost ratio.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- 50 kg ha-1 phosphorus and combined treatment of Phosphate solubilizing bacteria (B. thuringiensis) + Rhizobium (Mesorhizobium)e0
- Outcome
- gross return, net return and Benefit: cost ratioe0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of 50 kg ha-1 phosphorus and combined treatment of Phosphate solubilizing bacteria (B. thuringiensis) + Rhizobium (Mesorhizobium) resulted in highest gross return, net return and Benefit: cost ratio.”
t0“chickpea”
t1“chickpea”
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See all 51 papers →8 of 13 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.