Abstract
A field experiment was conducted at Research Farm area of R.A.K. (Rafi Ahmad Kidwai) College of Agriculture, Sehore, Madhya Pradesh during rabi season 2023-24 to study the effect of Seed priming, Beejamrit, Jeevamrit and Micronutrients (Zn and Mo) in combination with Rhizobium and PSB inoculation on symbiotic traits, growth attributes, soil dehydrogenase activity (DHA) and leghaemoglobin content in root nodules, protein content in seed and grain yield of chickpea crop grown with one irrigation in Vertisol. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 10 treatments and replicated thrice. The treatments comprised of T1: RDF + Rhizobium (Rh) + Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria (PSB), T2: RDF + Rh + PSB + Seed priming with water, T3: RDF + Rh + PSB + Beejamrit treatment (seed primed), T4: RDF + Rh + PSB + Seed priming with 0.05% Mo as Ammonium Molybdate (AM), T5: RDF + Rh + PSB + AM 1 gm kg-1 seed with inoculation, T6: RDF + Rh + PSB + Jeevamrit spray at 35 and 55 days after sowing (DAS), T7: T1 + 0.05% AM spray at 35 and 55 DAS, T8: T1 + 0.5% ZnSO4 + 0.25% Lime spray at 35 and 55 DAS, T9: T1 + 0.05% AM + 0.25% ZnSO4 + 0.25% Lime spray at 35 and 55 DAS and T10: 50% RDF + Rh + PSB + Jeevamrit spray + 0.05% AM + 0.25% ZnSO4 + 0.25% Lime spray at 35 and 55 DAS. The symbiotic traits, growth attributes at 50 DAS and grain yield was significantly increased by the application of RDF + Rhizobium + PSB + Ammonium Molybdate @ 1 gm kg-1 seed with inoculation (T5), followed by treatment T10 (50% RDF + Rhizobium + PSB + Jeevamrit spray + 0.05% AM + 0.25% ZnSO4 + 0.25% Lime spray at 35 and 55 DAS). The T5 treatment produces about 26% higher grain yield over the RDF + Rhizobium + PSB (T1). The treatment T5 recorded highest protein content in seed i.e. 19.50%, followed by the treatment T10 (19.31%). DHA in rhizosphere soil and leghaemoglobin content in root nodules at 50 DAS was found maximum in treatment T5 (31.20 µg TPF [Triphenyl formazan] g-1 soil hr-1 and 3.10 mg g-1 respectively), followed by treatment T10 with values 30.60 µg TPF g-1 soil hr-1 and 3.08 mg g-1 respectively. The study indicated necessity of application of molybdenum wherever deficient in Vertisol under intensive (Soybean-Chickpea) cultivation of legumes, for enhancing productivity of chickpea and also gave indication that by integration of Jeevamrit spray + 0.05% AM + 0.25% ZnSO4 + 0.25% Lime spray at 35 and 55 DAS, a saving of 50% RDF can be made under existing practice. Further, this study also give an indication that the use of RDF along with biofertilizers i.e. Rhizobium + PSB and seed priming in beejamrit (T3) for four hours before sowing may also be a beneficial option with slightly lower, but statistically identical chickpea yield with highest yielded treatment T5.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
T5 significantly increased chickpea symbiotic traits and growth attributes.
- Treatment
- RDF + Rhizobium + PSB + Ammonium Molybdate @ 1 gm kg-1 seed with inoculation (T5)e0
- Outcome
- symbiotic traits, growth attributese0
- Direction
- increasede0
RhizobiumNot reportedTaxonComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The symbiotic traits, growth attributes at 50 DAS and grain yield was significantly increased by the application of RDF + Rhizobium + PSB + Ammonium Molybdate @ 1 gm kg-1 seed with inoculation (T5), followed by treatment T10”
Claim · model-written summary
T5 significantly increased chickpea grain yield.
- Treatment
- RDF + Rhizobium + PSB + Ammonium Molybdate @ 1 gm kg-1 seed with inoculation (T5)e0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“The symbiotic traits, growth attributes at 50 DAS and grain yield was significantly increased by the application of RDF + Rhizobium + PSB + Ammonium Molybdate @ 1 gm kg-1 seed with inoculation (T5), followed by treatment T10”
Claim · model-written summary
T5 produced about 26% more chickpea grain yield than T1.
- Treatment
- T5 treatmente0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 26%e0
- Comparator
- RDF + Rhizobium + PSB (T1)e0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The T5 treatment produces about 26% higher grain yield over the RDF + Rhizobium + PSB (T1).”
Claim · model-written summary
T5 had the highest chickpea seed protein content at 19.50%.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The treatment T5 recorded highest protein content in seed i.e. 19.50%, followed by the treatment T10 (19.31%).”
Claim · model-written summary
T10 chickpea seed protein content was 19.31%.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The treatment T5 recorded highest protein content in seed i.e. 19.50%, followed by the treatment T10 (19.31%).”
Claim · model-written summary
T5 had maximum soil dehydrogenase activity of 31.20 µg TPF g-1 soil hr-1.
- Treatment
- T5e0
- Outcome
- DHA in rhizosphere soile0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 31.20 µg TPF [Triphenyl formazan] g-1 soil hr-1e0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“DHA in rhizosphere soil and leghaemoglobin content in root nodules at 50 DAS was found maximum in treatment T5 (31.20 µg TPF [Triphenyl formazan] g-1 soil hr-1 and 3.10 mg g-1 respectively), followed by treatment T10 with values 30.60 µg TPF g-1 soil hr-1 and 3.08 mg g-1 respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
T5 had maximum root nodule leghaemoglobin content of 3.10 mg g-1.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“DHA in rhizosphere soil and leghaemoglobin content in root nodules at 50 DAS was found maximum in treatment T5 (31.20 µg TPF [Triphenyl formazan] g-1 soil hr-1 and 3.10 mg g-1 respectively), followed by treatment T10 with values 30.60 µg TPF g-1 soil hr-1 and 3.08 mg g-1 respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
T10 soil dehydrogenase activity was 30.60 µg TPF g-1 soil hr-1.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“DHA in rhizosphere soil and leghaemoglobin content in root nodules at 50 DAS was found maximum in treatment T5 (31.20 µg TPF [Triphenyl formazan] g-1 soil hr-1 and 3.10 mg g-1 respectively), followed by treatment T10 with values 30.60 µg TPF g-1 soil hr-1 and 3.08 mg g-1 respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
T10 root nodule leghaemoglobin content was 3.08 mg g-1.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“DHA in rhizosphere soil and leghaemoglobin content in root nodules at 50 DAS was found maximum in treatment T5 (31.20 µg TPF [Triphenyl formazan] g-1 soil hr-1 and 3.10 mg g-1 respectively), followed by treatment T10 with values 30.60 µg TPF g-1 soil hr-1 and 3.08 mg g-1 respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend molybdenum application where Vertisol is deficient for chickpea productivity.
- Taxon
- chickpea
Cicer arietinume0 - Outcome
- application of molybdenume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The study indicated necessity of application of molybdenum wherever deficient in Vertisol under intensive (Soybean-Chickpea) cultivation of legumes, for enhancing productivity of chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors indicate the integrated Jeevamrit and micronutrient spray can save 50% RDF.
- Outcome
- saving of 50% RDFe0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“by integration of Jeevamrit spray + 0.05% AM + 0.25% ZnSO4 + 0.25% Lime spray at 35 and 55 DAS, a saving of 50% RDF can be made under existing practice.”
Claim · model-written summary
Beejamrit seed priming gave a slightly lower but statistically identical yield to T5.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- seed priming in beejamrit (T3)e0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- slightly lowere0
- Comparator
- treatment T5e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seed priming in beejamrit (T3) for four hours before sowing may also be a beneficial option with slightly lower, but statistically identical chickpea yield with highest yielded treatment T5.”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.