Abstract
Organic fertilizer can help replenish fertility in cropland and reduce the use of chemical fertilizers, with biochar is an important soil conditioner. Under the premise of chemical fertilizer reduction, whether the application of biochar and organic fertilizer affect the yield and nutrient absorption and utilization of wheat? In this experiment, 7 treatments were set up in a randomized field trial with each treatment repeated three times: (1) CK1: no fertilizer; (2) CK2: 100% inorganic fertilizer; (3) T1: recommended amount of biochar with 100% inorganic fertilizer; (4) T2: recommended amount of organic fertilizer with 80% inorganic fertilizer; (5) T3: recommended amount of organic fertilizer and biochar with 80% inorganic fertilizer; (6) T4: recommended amount of organic fertilizer with 60% inorganic fertilizer; and (7) T5: recommended amount of organic fertilizer and biochar with 60% inorganic fertilizer. The results of this study showed that biochar combined with organic fertilizer can reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer by 40%~20% while ensuring wheat yield. Combining the input and output, 80% inorganic fertilizer with biochar and organic fertilizer (T3) was recommended. Under this fertilization scheme, the wheat yield was 37.32% higher than that of 100% chemical fertilizer (CK2), and the photosynthetic capacity was 54.97% higher at seedling stage. At the tillering stage, the root nitrogen content of T3 was significantly higher than that of T2, T4 and T5, which was 21.44%, 54.63% and 60.16%, respectively. The nitrogen content of T3 was significantly higher than that of other treatments at maturity, and the nitrogen content of T3 was 4.38% higher than that of CK2. At heading stage, the nitrogen allocated to T3 leaves was 4.71% higher than CK2. Overall, the results of this study showed that the combination of biochar and organic fertilizer could effectively reduce the application of chemical fertilizer. The recommended fertilizer regimen was 80% inorganic fertilizer with biochar and organic fertilizer, under this scheme, wheat had stronger photosynthetic capacity and better nutrient absorption and distribution mechanism.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar with organic fertilizer maintained wheat yield while reducing chemical fertilizer by 20–40%.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- biochar combined with organic fertilizere0
- Outcome
- wheat yielde0
- Direction
- ensuringe0
- Value
- 40%~20%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“biochar combined with organic fertilizer can reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer by 40%~20% while ensuring wheat yield”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommended T3, comprising 80% inorganic fertilizer with biochar and organic fertilizer.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- 80% inorganic fertilizer with biochar and organic fertilizer (T3)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“80% inorganic fertilizer with biochar and organic fertilizer (T3) was recommended”
e1“biochar combined with organic fertilizer can reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer by 40%~20% while ensuring wheat yield”
Claim · model-written summary
T3 increased wheat yield 37.32% versus full chemical fertilizer.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 80% inorganic fertilizer with biochar and organic fertilizer (T3)e1
- Outcome
- wheat yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 37.32%e0
- Comparator
- 100% chemical fertilizer (CK2)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the wheat yield was 37.32% higher than that of 100% chemical fertilizer (CK2)”
e1“80% inorganic fertilizer with biochar and organic fertilizer (T3)”
Claim · model-written summary
T3 increased seedling photosynthetic capacity 54.97% versus full chemical fertilizer.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume3
- Organ / stage
- seedling stagee0
- Treatment
- 80% inorganic fertilizer with biochar and organic fertilizer (T3)e1
- Outcome
- photosynthetic capacitye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 54.97%e0
- Comparator
- 100% chemical fertilizer (CK2)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the photosynthetic capacity was 54.97% higher at seedling stage”
e1“80% inorganic fertilizer with biochar and organic fertilizer (T3)”
e2“100% chemical fertilizer (CK2)”
e3“Under this fertilization scheme, the wheat yield was 37.32% higher than that of 100% chemical fertilizer (CK2)”
Claim · model-written summary
T3 root nitrogen at tillering was 21.44% higher than T2.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Organ / stage
- tillering stagee0
- Treatment
- T3e0
- Outcome
- root nitrogen contente0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 21.44%e0
- Comparator
- T2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At the tillering stage, the root nitrogen content of T3 was significantly higher than that of T2, T4 and T5, which was 21.44%, 54.63% and 60.16%, respectively”
e1“Under this fertilization scheme, the wheat yield was 37.32% higher than that of 100% chemical fertilizer (CK2)”
Claim · model-written summary
T3 root nitrogen at tillering was 54.63% higher than T4.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Organ / stage
- tillering stagee0
- Treatment
- T3e0
- Outcome
- root nitrogen contente0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 54.63%e0
- Comparator
- T4e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At the tillering stage, the root nitrogen content of T3 was significantly higher than that of T2, T4 and T5, which was 21.44%, 54.63% and 60.16%, respectively”
e1“Under this fertilization scheme, the wheat yield was 37.32% higher than that of 100% chemical fertilizer (CK2)”
Claim · model-written summary
T3 root nitrogen at tillering was 60.16% higher than T5.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Organ / stage
- tillering stagee0
- Treatment
- T3e0
- Outcome
- root nitrogen contente0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 60.16%e0
- Comparator
- T5e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At the tillering stage, the root nitrogen content of T3 was significantly higher than that of T2, T4 and T5, which was 21.44%, 54.63% and 60.16%, respectively”
e1“Under this fertilization scheme, the wheat yield was 37.32% higher than that of 100% chemical fertilizer (CK2)”
Claim · model-written summary
At maturity T3 nitrogen content was significantly higher than other treatments, including 4.38% above CK2.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Organ / stage
- maturitye0
- Treatment
- T3e0
- Outcome
- nitrogen contente0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 4.38%e0
- Comparator
- CK2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The nitrogen content of T3 was significantly higher than that of other treatments at maturity, and the nitrogen content of T3 was 4.38% higher than that of CK2”
e1“Under this fertilization scheme, the wheat yield was 37.32% higher than that of 100% chemical fertilizer (CK2)”
Claim · model-written summary
At heading, nitrogen allocation to T3 leaves was 4.71% higher than CK2.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Organ / stage
- heading stagee0
- Treatment
- T3e0
- Outcome
- nitrogen allocated to T3 leavese0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 4.71%e0
- Comparator
- CK2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At heading stage, the nitrogen allocated to T3 leaves was 4.71% higher than CK2”
e1“Under this fertilization scheme, the wheat yield was 37.32% higher than that of 100% chemical fertilizer (CK2)”
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