Abstract
In February 2024, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) vacated the registrations of dicamba products for over-the-top applications on dicamba-resistant cotton and soybean following a court ruling. This decision has raised significant concerns among United States farmers, who now have limited chemical options to manage tough-to-control weeds. However, the risk of off-target dicamba movement to sensitive plants remains a critical issue. If permitted in the future, applying dicamba as a preemergence (PRE) treatment, tank-mixed with other soil residual herbicides, could help reduce off-target movement while preserving its utility for managing problem weeds. Field experiments were conducted in 2022 and 2023 in Minnesota and North Dakota, and in 2021 and 2022 in Wisconsin, to evaluate the effectiveness of dicamba-based PRE herbicide mixtures in soybean. Across all site-years, dicamba tank mixed with other soil residual herbicides provided better control of targeted weed species at 21 d after treatment (DAT) compared to applying the residual herbicides alone. In Minnesota, dicamba-based herbicide tank mixes provided an average waterhemp control of 72%, compared to 59% for treatments without dicamba at 21 DAT. Similarly, in North Dakota, waterhemp control at 21 DAT improved from 74% with residual herbicides alone to 97% when tank mixed with dicamba. In Wisconsin, dicamba-based tank mixes resulted in 96% control of common ragweed and 83% of velvetleaf, versus 83% and 73% for those species, respectively, without dicamba. At the Minnesota site, adding dicamba to residual herbicides improved common lambsquarters and giant ragweed control by 17% and 20%, respectively, and their densities were reduced by at least 50%. At the North Dakota site, kochia control was improved by 23% with dicamba PRE. The results from this research outlined the effectiveness of PRE application of dicamba tank mixed with other residual herbicides for effective weed management in the Upper Midwest.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Across sites, dicamba mixtures improved targeted weed control at 21 DAT relative to residual herbicides alone.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- dicamba tank mixed with other soil residual herbicidese0
- Outcome
- control of targeted weed speciese0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Qualifier
- 21 d after treatmente0
- Comparator
- residual herbicides alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Across all site-years, dicamba tank mixed with other soil residual herbicides provided better control of targeted weed species at 21 d after treatment (DAT) compared to applying the residual herbicides alone.”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
In Minnesota, dicamba mixtures achieved 72% waterhemp control versus 59% without dicamba.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- dicamba-based herbicide tank mixese0
- Interactor
- waterhempe0weed
- Outcome
- waterhemp controle0
- Direction
- providede0
- Value
- 72%e0
- Qualifier
- 59%e0
- Comparator
- treatments without dicambae0
- Setting
- Minnesotae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In Minnesota, dicamba-based herbicide tank mixes provided an average waterhemp control of 72%, compared to 59% for treatments without dicamba at 21 DAT.”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
In North Dakota, dicamba mixtures improved waterhemp control from 74% to 97%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- tank mixed with dicambae0
- Interactor
- waterhempe0weed
- Outcome
- waterhemp controle0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 97%e0
- Qualifier
- 74%e0
- Comparator
- residual herbicides alonee0
- Setting
- North Dakotae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In North Dakota, waterhemp control at 21 DAT improved from 74% with residual herbicides alone to 97% when tank mixed with dicamba.”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
In Wisconsin, dicamba mixtures controlled common ragweed at 96% versus 83% without dicamba.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- dicamba-based tank mixese0
- Interactor
- common ragweed
Ambrosia artemisiifoliae0weed - Outcome
- control of common ragweede0
- Direction
- resulted ine0
- Value
- 96%e0
- Qualifier
- 83%e0
- Comparator
- without dicambae0
- Setting
- Wisconsine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In Wisconsin, dicamba-based tank mixes resulted in 96% control of common ragweed and 83% of velvetleaf, versus 83% and 73% for those species, respectively, without dicamba.”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
In Wisconsin, dicamba mixtures controlled velvetleaf at 83% versus 73% without dicamba.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- dicamba-based tank mixese0
- Interactor
- velvetleaf
Abutilon theophrastie0weed - Outcome
- velvetleafe0
- Direction
- resulted ine0
- Value
- 83%e0
- Qualifier
- 73%e0
- Comparator
- without dicambae0
- Setting
- Wisconsine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In Wisconsin, dicamba-based tank mixes resulted in 96% control of common ragweed and 83% of velvetleaf, versus 83% and 73% for those species, respectively, without dicamba.”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding dicamba improved common lambsquarters control by 17% in Minnesota.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- adding dicamba to residual herbicidese0
- Interactor
- common lambsquarters
Chenopodium albume0weed - Outcome
- common lambsquarterse0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 17%e0
- Comparator
- residual herbicidese0
- Setting
- Minnesotae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At the Minnesota site, adding dicamba to residual herbicides improved common lambsquarters and giant ragweed control by 17% and 20%, respectively, and their densities were reduced by at least 50%.”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding dicamba improved giant ragweed control by 20% in Minnesota.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- adding dicamba to residual herbicidese0
- Interactor
- giant ragweed
.jpg?width=60)
Ambrosia trifidae0weed - Outcome
- giant ragweed controle0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 20%e0
- Comparator
- residual herbicidese0
- Setting
- Minnesotae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“At the Minnesota site, adding dicamba to residual herbicides improved common lambsquarters and giant ragweed control by 17% and 20%, respectively, and their densities were reduced by at least 50%.”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding dicamba reduced common lambsquarters density by at least 50% in Minnesota.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- adding dicamba to residual herbicidese0
- Interactor
- common lambsquartersChenopodium albume0weed
- Outcome
- common lambsquarterse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- at least 50%e0
- Comparator
- residual herbicidese0
- Setting
- Minnesotae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At the Minnesota site, adding dicamba to residual herbicides improved common lambsquarters and giant ragweed control by 17% and 20%, respectively, and their densities were reduced by at least 50%.”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding dicamba reduced giant ragweed density by at least 50% in Minnesota.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- adding dicamba to residual herbicidese0
- Interactor
- giant ragweedAmbrosia trifidae0weed
- Outcome
- giant ragweede0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- at least 50%e0
- Comparator
- residual herbicidese0
- Setting
- Minnesotae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At the Minnesota site, adding dicamba to residual herbicides improved common lambsquarters and giant ragweed control by 17% and 20%, respectively, and their densities were reduced by at least 50%.”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Dicamba preemergence improved kochia control by 23% in North Dakota.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- dicamba PREe0
- Outcome
- kochia controle0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 23%e0
- Setting
- North Dakotae0
BassiaNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At the North Dakota site, kochia control was improved by 23% with dicamba PRE.”
t0“soybean”
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