Abstract
Despite the essential role of phosphorus (P) in rice growth, P-use efficiency (PUE) remains low due to limited bioavailable P in soils and an over-reliance on chemical fertilizers, leading to resource waste and environmental risks, such as eutrophication. This study investigates whether and how alternating wetting and moderate drying (AWMD) irrigation promotes P absorption and transport in rice. This study was conducted over two years using a pot experiment. Conventional flooding (CF) irrigation was applied throughout the growing season, while AWMD irrigation was imposed from two weeks after transplanting to one week before harvest. AWMD improved shoot biomass by 8.7–9.4% and the photosynthetic rate by 12–15%, significantly enhanced PUE, and optimized root traits and enzyme activities related to P uptake. It also promoted leaf acid phosphatase and ribonuclease activities, facilitating P remobilization to grains. In conclusion, AWMD enhanced the ability of roots to absorb P and optimized the redistribution of P between vegetative organs and grains, synergistically increasing grain yield and PUE in rice.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
AWMD irrigation improved rice shoot biomass by 8.7–9.4% relative to conventional flooding.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- AWMD irrigatione1
- Outcome
- shoot biomasse2
- Direction
- improvede2
- Value
- 8.7–9.4%e2
- Comparator
- Conventional flooding (CF) irrigatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“promotes P absorption and transport in rice”
e1“Conventional flooding (CF) irrigation was applied throughout the growing season, while AWMD irrigation was imposed from two weeks after transplanting to one week before harvest”
e2“AWMD improved shoot biomass by 8.7–9.4% and the photosynthetic rate by 12–15%”
Claim · model-written summary
AWMD irrigation improved the photosynthetic rate of rice by 12–15% relative to conventional flooding.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- AWMD irrigatione1
- Outcome
- photosynthetic ratee2
- Direction
- improvede2
- Value
- 12–15%e2
- Comparator
- Conventional flooding (CF) irrigatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“promotes P absorption and transport in rice”
e1“Conventional flooding (CF) irrigation was applied throughout the growing season, while AWMD irrigation was imposed from two weeks after transplanting to one week before harvest”
e2“AWMD improved shoot biomass by 8.7–9.4% and the photosynthetic rate by 12–15%”
Claim · model-written summary
AWMD irrigation significantly enhanced P-use efficiency (PUE) of rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- AWMD irrigatione1
- Outcome
- PUEe3
- Direction
- enhancede3
- Comparator
- Conventional flooding (CF) irrigatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“promotes P absorption and transport in rice”
e1“Conventional flooding (CF) irrigation was applied throughout the growing season, while AWMD irrigation was imposed from two weeks after transplanting to one week before harvest”
e3“significantly enhanced PUE”
Claim · model-written summary
AWMD irrigation optimized root traits and enzyme activities related to P uptake in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- roote4
- Treatment
- AWMD irrigatione1
- Outcome
- root traits and enzyme activities related to P uptakee4
- Direction
- optimizede4
- Comparator
- Conventional flooding (CF) irrigatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“promotes P absorption and transport in rice”
e1“Conventional flooding (CF) irrigation was applied throughout the growing season, while AWMD irrigation was imposed from two weeks after transplanting to one week before harvest”
e4“optimized root traits and enzyme activities related to P uptake”
Claim · model-written summary
AWMD irrigation promoted leaf acid phosphatase and ribonuclease activities in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- leafe5
- Treatment
- AWMD irrigatione1
- Gene
- acid phosphatase and ribonucleasee5
- Outcome
- leaf acid phosphatase and ribonuclease activitiese5
- Direction
- promotede5
- Comparator
- Conventional flooding (CF) irrigatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“promotes P absorption and transport in rice”
e1“Conventional flooding (CF) irrigation was applied throughout the growing season, while AWMD irrigation was imposed from two weeks after transplanting to one week before harvest”
e5“promoted leaf acid phosphatase and ribonuclease activities, facilitating P remobilization to grains”
Claim · model-written summary
Acid phosphatase and ribonuclease activity in leaves is proposed to facilitate P remobilization to grains in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Gene
- acid phosphatase and ribonucleasee5
- Outcome
- P remobilization to grainse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“promotes P absorption and transport in rice”
e5“promoted leaf acid phosphatase and ribonuclease activities, facilitating P remobilization to grains”
Claim · model-written summary
AWMD irrigation enhanced the ability of rice roots to absorb P.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- rootse6
- Treatment
- AWMDe6
- Outcome
- ability of roots to absorb Pe6
- Direction
- enhancede6
- Comparator
- Conventional flooding (CF) irrigatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“promotes P absorption and transport in rice”
e1“Conventional flooding (CF) irrigation was applied throughout the growing season, while AWMD irrigation was imposed from two weeks after transplanting to one week before harvest”
e6“AWMD enhanced the ability of roots to absorb P and optimized the redistribution of P between vegetative organs and grains, synergistically increasing grain yield and PUE in rice”
Claim · model-written summary
AWMD irrigation optimized the redistribution of P between vegetative organs and grains in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- AWMDe6
- Outcome
- redistribution of P between vegetative organs and grainse6
- Direction
- optimizede6
- Comparator
- Conventional flooding (CF) irrigatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“promotes P absorption and transport in rice”
e1“Conventional flooding (CF) irrigation was applied throughout the growing season, while AWMD irrigation was imposed from two weeks after transplanting to one week before harvest”
e6“AWMD enhanced the ability of roots to absorb P and optimized the redistribution of P between vegetative organs and grains, synergistically increasing grain yield and PUE in rice”
Claim · model-written summary
AWMD irrigation increased rice grain yield.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- AWMDe6
- Outcome
- grain yielde6
- Direction
- increasinge6
- Comparator
- Conventional flooding (CF) irrigatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“promotes P absorption and transport in rice”
e1“Conventional flooding (CF) irrigation was applied throughout the growing season, while AWMD irrigation was imposed from two weeks after transplanting to one week before harvest”
e6“AWMD enhanced the ability of roots to absorb P and optimized the redistribution of P between vegetative organs and grains, synergistically increasing grain yield and PUE in rice”
The same questions in other papers
processing · nutrient: efficiency · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- positive
5 papers more in this group
See all 9 papers →irrigation · soil: biology · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
10 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
8 papers more in this group
See all 12 papers →irrigation · nutrient: efficiency · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
31 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- no effect
- negative
32 papers more in this group
See all 36 papers →irrigation · physiology: photosynthesis · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
33 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- negative
36 papers more in this group
See all 40 papers →processing · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
55 papers in the same direction as this paper · 32 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- negative
84 papers more in this group
See all 88 papers →processing · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
87 papers in the same direction as this paper · 21 in the opposite direction · 5 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- positive
- positive
110 papers more in this group
See all 114 papers →irrigation · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
221 papers in the same direction as this paper · 62 in the opposite direction · 7 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- negative
- negative
287 papers more in this group
See all 291 papers →processing · soil: biology · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
5 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →8 of 11 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.