Abstract
Gibberellic acid (GA 3 ) is vital for regulating fruit development, while the mechanisms underlying its modulation of water and ion transport remain unclear. This study explored the effects of exogenous GA 3 (40 mg/L, T1; 70 mg/L, T2) on ‘Red Globe’ grapes ( Vitis vinifera L.), focusing on the role of novel_miR_130 and its target gene VvCHX20 —a cation/H + antiporter. Compared to the control (CK), GA 3 treatment significantly increased individual fruit weight and total soluble solids (TSS) content, with T2 exhibiting the most pronounced enhancements. Furthermore, GA 3 modified fruit water status throughout development by elevating free water content, total water content, real-time water potential, 24-hour saturated water potential, osmotic potential, and turgor pressure, while decreasing bound water content. Transcriptomic analysis revealed 12 miRNAs that regulate 11 mRNAs associated with water and ion transport. Notably, GA 3 downregulated novel_miR_130 and upregulated VvCHX20 , indicating negative regulation. VvCHX20 encodes a plasma membrane-localized cation/H + antiporter featuring 10 transmembrane domains. Overexpression of VvCHX20 in tomato increased fruit size (weight and transverse diameter), free water and TSS contents, and specifically elevated K + levels. Cross-sectional showed that more locules and thicker pericarps. Through Y1H and dual-luciferase reporter assays, we further identified four transcription factors—VvAAR3, VvPUB23, VvDPMS1, and VvNH18—that bind to and activate the VvCHX20 promoter, suggesting their roles as upstream regulators in the GA 3 -responsive pathway. In summary, GA 3 downregulates novel_miR_130 to relieve its repression of VvCHX20 and promotes transcriptional activation of VvCHX20 through specific TFs, thereby promoting K + transport and optimizing fruit water status, ultimately enhancing fruit growth and quality.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
GA 3 significantly increased grape fruit weight, most strongly at T2.
Verbatim
e0“Compared to the control (CK), GA 3 treatment significantly increased individual fruit weight and total soluble solids (TSS) content, with T2 exhibiting the most pronounced enhancements.”
e1“‘Red Globe’ grapes ( Vitis vinifera L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
GA 3 significantly increased grape total soluble solids, most strongly at T2.
Verbatim
e0“Compared to the control (CK), GA 3 treatment significantly increased individual fruit weight and total soluble solids (TSS) content, with T2 exhibiting the most pronounced enhancements.”
e1“‘Red Globe’ grapes ( Vitis vinifera L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
GA 3 elevated grape fruit free and total water content and water potentials.
- Taxon
- grapese1
- Treatment
- GA 3e0
- Outcome
- free water content, total water content, real-time water potentiale0
- Direction
- elevatinge0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“GA 3 modified fruit water status throughout development by elevating free water content, total water content, real-time water potential, 24-hour saturated water potential, osmotic potential, and turgor pressure, while decreasing bound water content.”
e1“‘Red Globe’ grapes ( Vitis vinifera L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
GA 3 elevated grape fruit saturated water potential, osmotic potential, and turgor pressure.
- Taxon
- grapese1
- Treatment
- GA 3e0
- Outcome
- 24-hour saturated water potential, osmotic potential, and turgor pressuree0
- Direction
- elevatinge0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“GA 3 modified fruit water status throughout development by elevating free water content, total water content, real-time water potential, 24-hour saturated water potential, osmotic potential, and turgor pressure, while decreasing bound water content.”
e1“‘Red Globe’ grapes ( Vitis vinifera L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
GA 3 decreased grape fruit bound water content.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“while decreasing bound water content.”
e1“GA 3 modified fruit water status throughout development”
e2“‘Red Globe’ grapes ( Vitis vinifera L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Transcriptomic analysis identified 12 miRNAs regulating 11 mRNAs linked to water and ion transport.
Verbatim
e0“Transcriptomic analysis revealed 12 miRNAs that regulate 11 mRNAs associated with water and ion transport.”
e1“‘Red Globe’ grapes ( Vitis vinifera L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
GA 3 downregulated novel_miR_130 in grape.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“GA 3 downregulated novel_miR_130 and upregulated VvCHX20”
e1“‘Red Globe’ grapes ( Vitis vinifera L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
GA 3 upregulated VvCHX20 in grape.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“GA 3 downregulated novel_miR_130 and upregulated VvCHX20”
e1“‘Red Globe’ grapes ( Vitis vinifera L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
VvCHX20 encodes a plasma membrane cation antiporter with 10 transmembrane domains.
Verbatim
e0“VvCHX20 encodes a plasma membrane-localized cation/H + antiporter featuring 10 transmembrane domains.”
e1“‘Red Globe’ grapes ( Vitis vinifera L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
VvCHX20 overexpression increased tomato fruit weight and transverse diameter.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- Overexpression of VvCHX20e0
- Gene
- VvCHX20e0
- Outcome
- fruit size (weight and transverse diameter)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Overexpression of VvCHX20 in tomato increased fruit size (weight and transverse diameter), free water and TSS contents, and specifically elevated K + levels.”
e1“Cross-sectional showed that more locules and thicker pericarps.”
Claim · model-written summary
VvCHX20 overexpression increased tomato fruit free water and TSS contents.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Overexpression of VvCHX20e0
- Gene
- VvCHX20e0
- Outcome
- free water and TSS contentse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Overexpression of VvCHX20 in tomato increased fruit size (weight and transverse diameter), free water and TSS contents, and specifically elevated K + levels.”
Claim · model-written summary
VvCHX20 overexpression elevated tomato fruit K + levels.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Overexpression of VvCHX20e0
- Gene
- VvCHX20e0
- Outcome
- K + levelse0
- Direction
- elevatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Overexpression of VvCHX20 in tomato increased fruit size (weight and transverse diameter), free water and TSS contents, and specifically elevated K + levels.”
Claim · model-written summary
VvCHX20-overexpressing tomato fruit had more locules and thicker pericarps.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Organ / stage
- pericarpse0
- Outcome
- more locules and thicker pericarpse0
- Direction
- moree0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cross-sectional showed that more locules and thicker pericarps.”
e1“Overexpression of VvCHX20 in tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Four transcription factors bound and activated the VvCHX20 promoter.
Verbatim
e0“we further identified four transcription factors—VvAAR3, VvPUB23, VvDPMS1, and VvNH18—that bind to and activate the VvCHX20 promoter”
e1“‘Red Globe’ grapes ( Vitis vinifera L.)”
The same questions in other papers
Gibberellic acid · quality: sugar starch · VitisResults differ
15 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- no effect
17 papers more in this group
See all 21 papers →Gibberellic acid · yield · VitisResults differ
38 papers in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- no effect
- negative
43 papers more in this group
See all 47 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.