Abstract
Abstract Urban agriculture has emerged as a practical strategy to strengthen local food systems in cities with limited land availability. Rooftop gardening, in particular, offers opportunities for fresh vegetable production, but the sustainability of this practice depends heavily on soil media preparation. This study evaluated the growth, physiology, and yield response of cherry tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme ) in different rooftop soil media supplemented with vermicompost and biochar. A 2‐year experiment was conducted during the winter season via a completely randomized design with four replications and nine treatments consisting of varying proportions of soil (74%–100%), vermicompost (10%–20%), and biochar (3%–6%). The results indicated that plant growth, physiology, and yield traits were significantly influenced by media composition. The combined application of vermicompost and biochar consistently outperformed the individual applications. The treatments with 74% soil, 20% vermicompost, and 6% biochar produced the tallest plants, the highest leaf number, thick stems, high soil plant analysis development values (leaf greenness), high relative water content, and the highest fruit yield across both years. Although fruit yield declined by 20.49% in the second year due to a reduced number of fruits per plant, residual amendment effects continued to enhance plant performance relative to the untreated soil. These findings demonstrate that integrating vermicompost and biochar into rooftop soil media improves soil health, plant physiology, and crop productivity. Such practices represent an effective strategy for sustainable rooftop farming and can contribute to resilient urban food systems in land‐constrained cities.
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The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Combined vermicompost and biochar outperformed separate applications.
- Taxon
- cherry tomato
Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiformee1 - Treatment
- combined application of vermicompost and biochare0
- Outcome
- outperformede0
- Direction
- outperformede0
- Comparator
- individual applicationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The combined application of vermicompost and biochar consistently outperformed the individual applications.”
e1“cherry tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme )”
Claim · model-written summary
The 74% soil, 20% vermicompost and 6% biochar medium gave tallest plants.
- Taxon
- cherry tomatoSolanum lycopersicum var. cerasiformee1
- Treatment
- 74% soil, 20% vermicompost, and 6% biochare0
- Outcome
- tallest plantse0
- Direction
- talleste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The treatments with 74% soil, 20% vermicompost, and 6% biochar produced the tallest plants, the highest leaf number, thick stems, high soil plant analysis development values (leaf greenness), high relative water content, and the highest fruit yield across both years.”
e1“cherry tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme )”
Claim · model-written summary
The 74% soil, 20% vermicompost and 6% biochar medium gave highest leaf number.
- Taxon
- cherry tomatoSolanum lycopersicum var. cerasiformee1
- Treatment
- 74% soil, 20% vermicompost, and 6% biochare0
- Outcome
- highest leaf numbere0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The treatments with 74% soil, 20% vermicompost, and 6% biochar produced the tallest plants, the highest leaf number, thick stems, high soil plant analysis development values (leaf greenness), high relative water content, and the highest fruit yield across both years.”
e1“cherry tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme )”
Claim · model-written summary
The 74% soil, 20% vermicompost and 6% biochar medium gave thick stems.
- Taxon
- cherry tomatoSolanum lycopersicum var. cerasiformee1
- Treatment
- 74% soil, 20% vermicompost, and 6% biochare0
- Outcome
- thick stemse0
- Direction
- thicke0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The treatments with 74% soil, 20% vermicompost, and 6% biochar produced the tallest plants, the highest leaf number, thick stems, high soil plant analysis development values (leaf greenness), high relative water content, and the highest fruit yield across both years.”
e1“cherry tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme )”
Claim · model-written summary
The 74% soil, 20% vermicompost and 6% biochar medium gave soil plant analysis development values (leaf greenness).
- Taxon
- cherry tomatoSolanum lycopersicum var. cerasiformee1
- Treatment
- 74% soil, 20% vermicompost, and 6% biochare0
- Outcome
- soil plant analysis development values (leaf greenness)e0
- Direction
- highe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The treatments with 74% soil, 20% vermicompost, and 6% biochar produced the tallest plants, the highest leaf number, thick stems, high soil plant analysis development values (leaf greenness), high relative water content, and the highest fruit yield across both years.”
e1“cherry tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme )”
Claim · model-written summary
The 74% soil, 20% vermicompost and 6% biochar medium gave relative water content.
- Taxon
- cherry tomatoSolanum lycopersicum var. cerasiformee1
- Treatment
- 74% soil, 20% vermicompost, and 6% biochare0
- Outcome
- relative water contente0
- Direction
- highe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The treatments with 74% soil, 20% vermicompost, and 6% biochar produced the tallest plants, the highest leaf number, thick stems, high soil plant analysis development values (leaf greenness), high relative water content, and the highest fruit yield across both years.”
e1“cherry tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme )”
Claim · model-written summary
The 74% soil, 20% vermicompost and 6% biochar medium gave fruit yield.
- Taxon
- cherry tomatoSolanum lycopersicum var. cerasiformee1
- Treatment
- 74% soil, 20% vermicompost, and 6% biochare0
- Outcome
- fruit yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The treatments with 74% soil, 20% vermicompost, and 6% biochar produced the tallest plants, the highest leaf number, thick stems, high soil plant analysis development values (leaf greenness), high relative water content, and the highest fruit yield across both years.”
e1“cherry tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme )”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit yield was 20.49% lower in year two, attributed to fewer fruits per plant.
- Taxon
- cherry tomatoSolanum lycopersicum var. cerasiformee1
- Outcome
- fruit yielde0
- Direction
- declinede0
- Value
- 20.49%e0
- Qualifier
- reduced number of fruits per plante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fruit yield declined by 20.49% in the second year due to a reduced number of fruits per plant”
e1“cherry tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme )”
Claim · model-written summary
Residual amendments enhanced plant performance compared with untreated soil.
- Taxon
- cherry tomatoSolanum lycopersicum var. cerasiformee1
- Treatment
- residual amendment effectse0
- Outcome
- plant performancee0
- Direction
- enhancee0
- Comparator
- untreated soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“residual amendment effects continued to enhance plant performance relative to the untreated soil”
e1“cherry tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme )”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.