Abstract
Efficient nutrient management through fertigation is essential for sustaining table grape production under water-limited Mediterranean environments. This study evaluated the effects of graded potassium (K) fertigation rates on yield and berry quality of grapevines under semi-arid conditions in northern Jordan. Field experiments were conducted over three consecutive seasons at three locations using four potassium application rates (0, 100, 200, and 300 kg K2O ha−1) applied through drip fertigation and synchronized with key vine phenological stages. Yield and fruit-quality parameters were analyzed using linear mixed-effects models accounting for treatment, year, location, and their interactions. Potassium fertigation significantly increased total yield, cluster weight, and berry physical attributes, including firmness, volume, weight, and diameter, whereas total soluble solids (TSS) and juice pH were largely unaffected. Relative to the control, potassium fertigation progressively increased total yield per vine by approximately 21%, 47%, and 72% under the 100, 200, and 300 kg K2O ha−1 treatments, respectively, although the magnitude of response differed among locations and growing seasons. Significant treatment × location interactions indicated that site-specific soil conditions influenced potassium response. These results demonstrate that synchronizing potassium supply with vine phenological demand through fertigation enhances productivity and berry physical quality without compromising fruit chemical composition. The observed improvements are consistent with the established physiological roles of potassium in osmotic regulation, assimilate transport, and berry development, supporting optimized potassium fertigation as a key component of precision nutrient management for sustainable viticulture in semi-arid Mediterranean regions.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium fertigation significantly increased grapevine total yield and cluster weight.
- Treatment
- Potassium fertigatione0
- Outcome
- total yield, cluster weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Setting
- northern Jordane1
VitisNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Potassium fertigation significantly increased total yield, cluster weight, and berry physical attributes”
e1“yield and berry quality of grapevines under semi-arid conditions in northern Jordan”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium fertigation significantly increased berry firmness, volume and weight.
- Treatment
- Potassium fertigatione0
- Outcome
- firmness, volume, weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Setting
- northern Jordane1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Potassium fertigation significantly increased total yield, cluster weight, and berry physical attributes, including firmness, volume, weight, and diameter”
e1“yield and berry quality of grapevines under semi-arid conditions in northern Jordan”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium fertigation significantly increased berry diameter.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Potassium fertigation significantly increased total yield, cluster weight, and berry physical attributes, including firmness, volume, weight, and diameter”
e1“yield and berry quality of grapevines under semi-arid conditions in northern Jordan”
Claim · model-written summary
Total soluble solids and juice pH were largely unaffected by potassium fertigation.
- Treatment
- Potassium fertigatione1
- Outcome
- total soluble solids (TSS) and juice pHe0
- Direction
- unaffectede0
- Qualifier
- largelye0
- Setting
- northern Jordane2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“whereas total soluble solids (TSS) and juice pH were largely unaffected”
e1“Potassium fertigation significantly increased total yield”
e2“yield and berry quality of grapevines under semi-arid conditions in northern Jordan”
Claim · model-written summary
The 100 kg K2O/ha treatment increased yield per vine by about 21% relative to control.
- Treatment
- 100e0
- Outcome
- total yield per vinee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 21%e0
- Qualifier
- approximatelye0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Relative to the control, potassium fertigation progressively increased total yield per vine by approximately 21%, 47%, and 72% under the 100, 200, and 300 kg K2O ha−1 treatments, respectively, although the magnitude of response differed among locations and growing seasons”
e1“yield and berry quality of grapevines”
Claim · model-written summary
The 200 kg K2O/ha treatment increased yield per vine by about 47% relative to control.
- Treatment
- 200e0
- Outcome
- total yield per vinee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 47%e0
- Qualifier
- approximatelye0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Relative to the control, potassium fertigation progressively increased total yield per vine by approximately 21%, 47%, and 72% under the 100, 200, and 300 kg K2O ha−1 treatments, respectively, although the magnitude of response differed among locations and growing seasons”
e1“yield and berry quality of grapevines”
Claim · model-written summary
The 300 kg K2O/ha treatment increased yield per vine by about 72% relative to control.
- Treatment
- 300 kg K2O ha−1e0
- Outcome
- total yield per vinee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 72%e0
- Qualifier
- approximatelye0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Relative to the control, potassium fertigation progressively increased total yield per vine by approximately 21%, 47%, and 72% under the 100, 200, and 300 kg K2O ha−1 treatments, respectively, although the magnitude of response differed among locations and growing seasons”
e1“yield and berry quality of grapevines”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield responses varied among locations and seasons, with significant treatment-by-location interactions indicating site-specific soil influences.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“although the magnitude of response differed among locations and growing seasons. Significant treatment × location interactions indicated that site-specific soil conditions influenced potassium response”
e1“yield and berry quality of grapevines”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors support optimized potassium fertigation for sustainable precision viticulture in semi-arid Mediterranean regions.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“supporting optimized potassium fertigation as a key component of precision nutrient management for sustainable viticulture in semi-arid Mediterranean regions”
e1“yield and berry quality of grapevines”
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