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A claim can belong to several research areas, so group counts add up to more than the total.

Organism groups follow NCBI Taxonomy: the spellings of one organism are merged, a claim naming several organisms sits in each group, and claims whose value names no organism are under “not stated”.

Zea mays 4

Show all 4 →
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmixedmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Zhengdan958 rind strength was unchanged except for a decrease in the third internode.

Taxon
maizeZea mayse1
Material
Zhengdan958e0
Treatment
high densitye2
Outcome
rind penetration strengthe0
Direction
unchangede0
Comparator
medium density(52 500 plants/ha)e3

Verbatim

e0

“while Zhengdan958 was unchanged, except that the rind penetration strength of the third internode decreased”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 776–883
e1

“maize cultivars”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 15–30
e2

“Under high density condition”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 683–711
e3

“medium density(52 500 plants/ha)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 116–148

Title

Effects of the Plant Density on the Characteristics of Maize Stem and Ear

Jiang Wen Yumi kexue 2009

Other claims from this paper (7)
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmixedmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

No‐till changes in plants per hectare ranged from a 22% decrease to a 4% increase.

Taxon
MaizeZea mayst0
Treatment
no‐tille0
Outcome
plants/hae0
Direction
decrease to a 4% increasee0
Value
22% decrease to a 4% increasee0
Comparator
conventionale1

Verbatim

e0

“Changes in plants/ha due to tillage ranged from a 22% decrease to a 4% increase under no‐till.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1461–1555
e1

“conventional (plowing followed by discing) vs. no‐till practices”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 480–544
t0

“Maize Hybrids”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 46–59

Title

No‐Till Effects on Yield and Plant Density of Maize Hybrids1

E. L. Anderson Agronomy Journal 1986. doi:10.2134/agronj1986.00021962007800020022x

Other claims from this paper (9)
Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultmixedmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Inflection-point densities allowed both species to increase or decrease biomass across mixtures.

Taxon
maizeZea mayse1
Outcome
biomass productione0
Direction
increases or decreasese0
Comparator
smaller speciese0

Verbatim

e0

“functional densities at which the biomass accumulation inflection point for the smaller species allowed both species to exhibit either increases or decreases in biomass production depending on competitive interactions for all interspecific mixtures”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1086–1334
e1

“maize ( Zea mays L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 755–775

Title

Addressing biases in replacement series: the importance of reference density selection for interpretation of competition outcomes

Ramon G. Leon; Fernando H. Oreja; Steven B. Mirsky; et al. Weed Science 2023. doi:10.1017/wsc.2023.53

Other claims from this paper (5)

not stated 4

Associationobservedoriginal resultmixedmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Yield first rose and then declined as planting density increased.

Taxon
Yingge mung beant0
Treatment
planting densitye0
Outcome
yielde0
Direction
increasede0
Qualifier
then the yield started to decreasee0

Verbatim

e0

“At the beginning,the yield increased along with the increment of planting density,the highest yield was 1 255.6 kg/hm2 when the density was 1.2×105 plants/hm2,and then the yield started to decrease”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 816–1013
t0

“Yingge Mung Bean”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 46–62

Title

Experimental Study on the Planting Density of Yingge Mung Bean in Taihang Mountain Area

Ying Shi Anhui nongye kexue 2008

Other claims from this paper (6)
Observationobservedoriginal resultmixedmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Community crown density, average tree height and soil moisture decreased and then increased across slope aspects.

Outcome
crown density, av- erage tree height and soil moisturee0
Direction
decrease—increasee0
Setting
north to east, south and weste0

Not reportedTaxon

Verbatim

e0

“With changes in the slope aspect from north to east, south and west, the crown density, av- erage tree height and soil moisture of the plant community displayed a pattern of decrease—increase”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1432–1623

Title

Slope-related variations in twig and leaf traits of Robinia pseudoacacia in the northern moun- tains of Lanzhou

SHI Yuan-Chun; Zhao Cheng-zhang; Song Qing-hua; et al. 2015

Other claims from this paper (5)
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmixedmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Population height, density and importance responded in different directions to warming.

Taxon
plant populatione0
Treatment
warminge0
Outcome
Height,density and important valuee0

Not reportedComparatorDirection

Verbatim

e0

“Height,density and important value of each plant population responded differently(increase,decrease or no effects) to warming.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 727–853

Title

Short-term responses of grass community in clear-cutting land of sub-alpine regions to simulated global warming,Western Sichuan

Zhen Xu Acta Ecologica Sinica 2009

Other claims from this paper (9)

Gossypium hirsutum 2

Show all 2 →
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmixedsignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Insecticide-treated caged plants had a severe aphid decline for 15 days, followed by an increase and the highest density at final inspection.

Treatment
insecticidese0
Interactor
cotton aphidAphis gossypiie0pest
Outcome
cotton aphid numberse0
Direction
decreasee0
Qualifier
up to 15 days after spray, then increases in aphid numbers happenede0
Comparator
caged-untreated plantse1

Verbatim

e0

“severe decrease in cotton aphid numbers occurred on caged plants that treated with insecticides and this decrease continued up to 15 days after spray, then increases in aphid numbers happened and significantly indicated the highest aphid population density at the last inspection.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 786–1066
t0

“cotton”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 93–99
e1

“Density of aphid populations increased rapidly on caged-untreated plants, where insect predators were excluded and no insecticides were applied and declined only after exceeding the carrying capacity of cotton plants.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1067–1284

Title

Insect Predators and Control of Aphis gossypii Comparing to Certain Insecticides under Caged-cotton Plants Conditions

El-Zahi S. El-Zahi; Hany K. Abd-Elhady Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 2013. doi:10.3923/pjbs.2013.233.238

Other claims from this paper (4)
Observationobservedoriginal resultmixedmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

In 2021 mortality decreased at late May planting and peaked at mid-June planting.

Treatment
late May plantinge0
Outcome
MRe0
Direction
decreasee0

Verbatim

e0

“MR in 2021 was followed by a decrease in the late May planting and reached the highest in the mid-June planting”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 662–773
t0

“Cotton”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 112–118

Title

Studies of Evaluation Methods for Resistance to Fusarium Wilt Race 4 (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum) in Cotton: Effects of Cultivar, Planting Date, and Inoculum Density on Disease Progression

Jinfa Zhang; Abdelraheem Abdelraheem; Yi Zhu; et al. Frontiers in Plant Science 2022. doi:10.3389/fpls.2022.900131

Other claims from this paper (9)

Brassica napus 2

Show all 2 →
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmixedmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Increasing density first increased and then decreased seed yield.

Taxon
Winter Oilseed RapeBrassica napust0
Treatment
increase in plant densitye0
Outcome
seed yielde0
Direction
initial increasee0
Qualifier
followed by a decreasee0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0

“The increase in plant density led to an initial increase in seed yield and pod numbers per unit area, followed by a decrease”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 183–307
t0

“Winter Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 52–91

Title

Leaf Senescence, Root Morphology, and Seed Yield of Winter Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.) at Varying Plant Densities

Ming Li; Muhammad Shahbaz Naeem; Shafaqat Ali; et al. BioMed Research International 2017. doi:10.1155/2017/8581072

Other claims from this paper (16)
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmixedmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Increasing density first increased and then decreased pod numbers per unit area.

Taxon
Winter Oilseed RapeBrassica napust0
Treatment
increase in plant densitye0
Outcome
pod numbers per unit areae0
Direction
initial increasee0
Qualifier
followed by a decreasee0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0

“The increase in plant density led to an initial increase in seed yield and pod numbers per unit area, followed by a decrease”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 183–307
t0

“Winter Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 52–91

Title

Leaf Senescence, Root Morphology, and Seed Yield of Winter Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.) at Varying Plant Densities

Ming Li; Muhammad Shahbaz Naeem; Shafaqat Ali; et al. BioMed Research International 2017. doi:10.1155/2017/8581072

Other claims from this paper (16)
Associationobservedoriginal resultmixedsimulated

Claim · model-written summary

Insecticide use may increase or decrease depending on field pest density.

Outcome
insecticide usee0
Direction
increase or decreasee0
Qualifier
pest densities on individual fieldse0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0

“Depending on pest densities on individual fields, insecticide use may increase or decrease.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 566–657
t0

“Corn”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 66–70

Title

Insecticide Use and Crop Rotation under Risk: Rootworm Control in Corn

William F. Lazarus; Earl R. Swanson American Journal of Agricultural Economics 1983. doi:10.2307/1240462

Other claims from this paper (4)
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmixedsignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Removing 50% of the ear significantly decreased grain numbers but increased 1000-grain weight.

Treatment
removal of 50% of eare0
Outcome
grains in the corn and the number of grains per square metere0
Direction
decreasee0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0

“removal of 50% of ear due to significant decrease of grains in the corn and the number of grains per square meter in spite of the increase of the weight of 1000-grain”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1265–1431

Title

The effect of source-sink restriction and plant density changes on the role of assimilate remobilization in corn grain yield.

Fatemeh Falihzade; Mani Mojadam; Shahram Lack International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences (IJACS) 2013

Other claims from this paper (15)

Triticum aestivum 2

Show all 2 →
Observationobservedoriginal resultmixedmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Bulk density under no tillage (NT) could increase or decrease

Taxon
winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
Treatment
NTe1
Outcome
bulk density (BD)e1
Direction
increase or decreasee1

Verbatim

e0

“for winter wheat crops”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 319–341
e1

“The results revealed that physical properties such as bulk density (BD) can increase or decrease under NT, while soil water content (SWC) increased under the same system”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 800–969

Title

Long-Term Effect of Tillage Practices on Soil Physical Properties and Winter Wheat Yield in North-East Romania

Segla Serginho Cakpo; Tudor George Aostăcioaei; Gabriel-Dumitru Mihu; et al. Agriculture 2025. doi:10.3390/agriculture15090989

Other claims from this paper (8)
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmixedmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Reduced nitrogen topdressing was associated with a first increase and then decrease in wheat yield, highest at 48.6 kg N ha−1.

Treatment
nitrogen topdressinge1
Outcome
yielde2
Direction
increasede2
Qualifier
the highest yield at the level of 48.6 kg N ha−1e2

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

t1

“Weak-Gluten Wheat”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 158–175
e1

“When the amount of nitrogen topdressing was reduced, the number of tillers and spikes in each growth period of wheat decreased significantly”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 872–1012
e2

“the yield increased first and then decreased, with the highest yield at the level of 48.6 kg N ha−1”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1018–1117

Title

Increasing Planting Density with Reduced Topdressing Nitrogen Inputs Increased Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Improved Grain Quality While Maintaining Yields in Weak-Gluten Wheat

Wenyin Zhou; Suhui Yan; Abdul Rehman; et al. Agriculture 2024. doi:10.3390/agriculture15010013

Other claims from this paper (13)

Rubus idaeus 1

Show all 1 →
Associationobservedoriginal resultmixedmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Overall fruit yield stabilized at high cane density and tended to decline above an optimum density.

Taxon
red RaspberriesRubus idaeust0
Treatment
high cane densitye0
Outcome
overall fruit yielde0
Direction
decreasee0
Qualifier
after an optimum number of canes per meter row was reachede0

Verbatim

e0

“The increase in overall fruit yield stabilised at high cane density and there was a tendency for it to decrease after an optimum number of canes per meter row was reached.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2141–2312
t0

“red Raspberries”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 112–127

Title

Effect of nitrogen and cane density on cane architecture, fruit and fruit yield components in primocane bearing red Raspberries

Joseph N. Wolukau Mspace (University of Manitoba) 1992

Other claims from this paper (13)

Glycine max 1

Show all 1 →
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmixedmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Delaying sowing and increasing density changed the yield of Hefeng 50 in an increase-then-decrease trend.

Taxon
soybeanGlycine maxe0
Material
Hefeng 50e0
Treatment
sowing date delayed and density increasede1
Outcome
yielde1
Direction
increase-and-then-decrease trende1

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0

“New soybean variety Hefeng 50”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–29
e1

“with the sowing date delayed and density increased,the yield of Hefeng 50 showed increase-and-then-decrease trend”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 313–426

Title

Influence of Sowing Date and Density on Oil Content and Yield of High-oil and High-yield Soybean Variety Hefeng 50

Zhixin Wang 2009

Other claims from this paper (4)

Medicago truncatula 1

Show all 1 →
Associationobservedoriginal resultmixedmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Transiently increased seed production correlated with lower bacterial density in rhizosphere soil.

Taxon
Medicago truncatulaMedicago truncatulae1
Interactor
Pseudomonas fluorescens strain C7R12Pseudomonas fluorescense1symbiont
Outcome
bacterial density in the rhizosphere soile0
Direction
decreasee0
Qualifier
transient increase in seed productione0

Verbatim

e0

“this transient increase in seed production was correlated with a decrease in bacterial density in the rhizosphere soil”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1442–1560
e1

“Medicago truncatula Jemalong J5 and the mutualistic bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens strain C7R12”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 707–804

Title

Interaction between Medicago truncatula and Pseudomonas fluorescens: Evaluation of Costs and Benefits across an Elevated Atmospheric CO2

Clémentine Lepinay; Thierry Rigaud; Christophe Salon; et al. PLoS ONE 2012. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0045740

Other claims from this paper (4)

Vicia faba 1

Show all 1 →
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmixedmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Accumulated Sr raised specific leaf weight first and then lowered it in Vicia faba.

Taxon
Vicia fabaVicia fabat0
Treatment
accumulation of Sre5
Outcome
specific leaf weight (SLW)e7
Direction
increased first and then decreasede7

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

t0

“Vicia faba seedlings”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 94–114
e5

“The accumulation of Sr resulted in the decrease of leaf area, dry weight, stomatal density and stomatal aperture”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 672–784
e7

“the specific leaf weight (SLW) increased first and then decreased”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 829–894

Title

Effects of strontium on the morphological and photosynthetic physiological characteristics of Vicia faba seedlings

Xi Chen; Ningying Zhong; Yayun Luo; et al. International Journal of Phytoremediation 2022. doi:10.1080/15226514.2022.2110037

Other claims from this paper (14)

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