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Ameliorative effects of potassium nutrition on yield and fiber quality characteristics of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) under NaCl stress 2

Mechanismauthor interpretationoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Potassium-induced increases in relative water content and membrane stability were interpreted as protective against salt stress.

Taxon: cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
Treatment: Ke0
Outcome: protective mechanisms against NaCl stresse0
Qualifier: relative water content and membrane stability indexe0

Verbatim

e0
“In conclusion, K-induced decrease in Na + , increase in Ca 2+ , K + , K + : Na + ratio, relative water content and membrane stability index provide protective mechanisms against NaCl stress.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1861–2051

t0
“cotton”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 90–96

Title

Ameliorative effects of potassium nutrition on yield and fiber quality characteristics of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) under NaCl stress

Muhammad Ashraf; Sher Muhammad Shahzad; Muhammad Imtiaz; et al. Soil & Environment 2017. doi:10.25252/se/17/31054

Other claims from this paper (18)

Intervention effect NaCl significantly increased shoot sodium and chloride.
Intervention effect NaCl decreased shoot potassium, potassium:sodium ratio and calcium.
Intervention effect NaCl decreased shoot magnesium.
Intervention effect Increasing external NaCl significantly reduced plant growth, yield and fiber quality.
Intervention effect Additional potassium reduced shoot sodium under both salt levels.
Intervention effect Additional potassium increased shoot potassium, calcium and magnesium.
Intervention effect Additional potassium improved plant growth, yield attributes and fiber quality at both salt levels.
Intervention effect K 50 improved the shoot potassium:sodium ratio by 116% at NaCl 100.
Intervention effect K 100 improved the shoot potassium:sodium ratio by 246% at NaCl 100.
Intervention effect K 50 improved the shoot potassium:sodium ratio by 188% at NaCl 180.
Intervention effect K 100 improved the shoot potassium:sodium ratio by 294% at NaCl 180.
Intervention effect K 50 improved lint yield by 38.27% at NaCl 100.
Intervention effect K 100 improved lint yield by 60.49% at NaCl 100.
Intervention effect K 50 improved lint yield by 75.12% at NaCl 180.
Intervention effect K 100 improved lint yield by 136% at NaCl 180.
Intervention effect Higher potassium application gave more prominent amelioration at both salt levels.
Mechanism Potassium-induced ion balance changes were interpreted as protective mechanisms against salt stress.
Recommendation The authors recommend field confirmation and evaluation of economic feasibility.

Mechanismauthor interpretationoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Potassium-induced ion balance changes were interpreted as protective mechanisms against salt stress.

Taxon: cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
Treatment: Ke0
Outcome: protective mechanisms against NaCl stresse0
Qualifier: decrease in Na + , increase in Ca 2+ , K + , K + : Na + ratioe0

Verbatim

e0
“In conclusion, K-induced decrease in Na + , increase in Ca 2+ , K + , K + : Na + ratio, relative water content and membrane stability index provide protective mechanisms against NaCl stress.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1861–2051

t0
“cotton”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 90–96

Title

Ameliorative effects of potassium nutrition on yield and fiber quality characteristics of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) under NaCl stress

Muhammad Ashraf; Sher Muhammad Shahzad; Muhammad Imtiaz; et al. Soil & Environment 2017. doi:10.25252/se/17/31054

Other claims from this paper (18)

Intervention effect NaCl significantly increased shoot sodium and chloride.
Intervention effect NaCl decreased shoot potassium, potassium:sodium ratio and calcium.
Intervention effect NaCl decreased shoot magnesium.
Intervention effect Increasing external NaCl significantly reduced plant growth, yield and fiber quality.
Intervention effect Additional potassium reduced shoot sodium under both salt levels.
Intervention effect Additional potassium increased shoot potassium, calcium and magnesium.
Intervention effect Additional potassium improved plant growth, yield attributes and fiber quality at both salt levels.
Intervention effect K 50 improved the shoot potassium:sodium ratio by 116% at NaCl 100.
Intervention effect K 100 improved the shoot potassium:sodium ratio by 246% at NaCl 100.
Intervention effect K 50 improved the shoot potassium:sodium ratio by 188% at NaCl 180.
Intervention effect K 100 improved the shoot potassium:sodium ratio by 294% at NaCl 180.
Intervention effect K 50 improved lint yield by 38.27% at NaCl 100.
Intervention effect K 100 improved lint yield by 60.49% at NaCl 100.
Intervention effect K 50 improved lint yield by 75.12% at NaCl 180.
Intervention effect K 100 improved lint yield by 136% at NaCl 180.
Intervention effect Higher potassium application gave more prominent amelioration at both salt levels.
Mechanism Potassium-induced increases in relative water content and membrane stability were interpreted as protective against salt stress.
Recommendation The authors recommend field confirmation and evaluation of economic feasibility.

Gas exchange, water relations and their relationships with photochemical reflectance index in Quercus ilex plants during water stress and recovery. 1

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Mechanismauthor interpretationoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

A decrease in photosynthesis in holm oak resulted from coordinated suppression of leaf conductance.

Taxon: Quercus ilexQuercus ilexe0
Outcome: decrease in Ae1
Qualifier: coordinated suppression in leaf conductancee1

Verbatim

e0
“Diffusional limitations to photosynthesis (A), relative water content (RWC) and their association with photochemical reflectance index (PRI) were studied in holm oak (Quercus ilex L.) saplings subjected to water stress and subsequent water stress relief”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–253

e1
“A decrease in A resulted from coordinated suppression in leaf conductance”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 488–561

Title

Gas exchange, water relations and their relationships with photochemical reflectance index in Quercus ilex plants during water stress and recovery.

Tsonko Tsonev; Said Wahbi; Pengsen Sun; et al. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 2014

Other claims from this paper (15)

Response of the Succulent Leaves of Peperomia magnoliaefolia to Dehydration 1

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Mechanismauthor interpretationoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Volume preservation of the chlorenchyma stabilized photosynthesis, which was less inhibited by a given decrease in leaf relative water content than in nonsucculent leaves.

Taxon: Peperomia magnoliaefoliaPeperomia magnoliifoliat0
Organ / stage: chlorenchymae0
Outcome: photosynthesise0
Direction: less inhibitede0
Qualifier: volume preservation of the chlorenchymae0
Comparator: nonsucculent leavese0

Verbatim

t0
“Peperomia magnoliaefolia”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 36–60

e0
“The observed volume preservation of the chlorenchyma stabilized photosynthesis of Peperomia magnoliaefolia (Jac) leaves, which was less inhibited by a given decrease of the relative water content of the whole leaves than in nonsucculent leaves”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 850–1093

Title

Response of the Succulent Leaves of Peperomia magnoliaefolia to Dehydration

Jutta E. Schmidt; Werner M. Kaiser PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1987. doi:10.1104/pp.83.1.190

Other claims from this paper (6)

SEASONAL AND DIURNAL CHANGES IN ABSCISIC ACID AND WATER RELATIONS OF APRICOT LEAVES (PRUNUS ARMENIACA L.) 1

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Mechanismauthor interpretationoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Declining relative water content partly explained the fall in leaf osmotic potential.

Taxon: apricotPrunus armeniacat0
Outcome: leaf osmotic potentiale0
Qualifier: decrease in relative water contente0

Verbatim

e0
“fall in leaf osmotic potential was partly accounted for by a decrease in relative water content”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 683–778

t0
“APRICOT LEAVES”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 69–83

Title

SEASONAL AND DIURNAL CHANGES IN ABSCISIC ACID AND WATER RELATIONS OF APRICOT LEAVES (PRUNUS ARMENIACA L.)

B. R. LOVEYS; S. P. ROBINSON; W. J. S. DOWNTON New Phytologist 1987. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1987.tb04878.x

Other claims from this paper (11)

Observation Diurnal changes in conductance and foliar ABA were small.
Observation Xylem sap ABA content was low, at 0·3 to 0·9 × 10 −4 mol m −3.
Mechanism That sap ABA concentration was too low to affect stomatal conductance.
Mechanism Xylem uptake could account for diurnal and some seasonal changes in leaf ABA.
Observation Water potential fell over the growing season.
Association Turgor stayed high as leaf osmotic potential fell.
Observation Solute accumulated between December and March.
Mechanism Sorbitol chiefly accounted for the solute increase.
Observation Capacity to synthesize ABA under zero turgor declined from November to March.
Observation Capacity to synthesize ABA under zero turgor partly recovered in April.
Mechanism ABA appears relatively unimportant for controlling stomatal conductance.

Studies on the Effects of Relative Humidity of the Atmosphere upon the Growth and Physiology of Rice Plant : V. Influence of humidity on senescence of rice plant leaves 1

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Mechanismauthor interpretationoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Low humidity induced decrease of water content, which stimulated loss of chlorophyll in rice leaves.

Taxon: RiceOryza sativat0
Treatment: low humiditye0
Outcome: loss of chlorophylle0
Qualifier: decrease of water contente0

Verbatim

t0
“Rice Plant”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 96–106

e0
“low humidity induced the decrease of water content, which stimulated the loss of chlorophyll (leaf senescence)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 874–984

Title

Studies on the Effects of Relative Humidity of the Atmosphere upon the Growth and Physiology of Rice Plant : V. Influence of humidity on senescence of rice plant leaves

Gen-ichi HIRAI; Osamu TANAKA; Makoto TAKAHASHI; et al. Japanese Journal of Crop Science 1985. doi:10.1626/jcs.54.146

Other claims from this paper (8)

Intervention effect Chlorophyll content of the third leaf decreased faster under low humidity than under high humidity.
Intervention effect Rice plants grown under low humidity had lower water content than those under high humidity.
Association Decrease of water content in rice leaves was followed by decrease of chlorophyll content.
Intervention effect High humidity increased the leaf area of rice plants.
Intervention effect High humidity accelerated leaf emergence in rice plants.
Mechanism Products of photosynthesis in the third leaf were necessary for young leaf emergence.
Association More materials translocated from the third leaf were associated with faster senescence of that leaf.
Intervention effect High humidity delayed third-leaf senescence in rice, which the authors link to promoted growth.

Relationship Between DNA Synthesis and Water Content During Ripening ofVicia FabaSeed 1

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Mechanismauthor interpretationoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Extended mitotic activity progressively reduced the relative frequency of G2 cells.

Taxon: Vicia fabaVicia fabae1
Outcome: relative frequency of G2 cellse0
Direction: decreasee0
Qualifier: extended mitotic activitye0

Verbatim

e0
“This extended mitotic activity produces a progressive decrease in relative frequency of G2 cells”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 443–539

e1
“in Vicia faba”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 249–262

Title

Relationship Between DNA Synthesis and Water Content During Ripening ofVicia FabaSeed

Alberto Brunori Caryologia 1967. doi:10.1080/00087114.1967.10796271

Other claims from this paper (5)

Observation DNA synthesis stopped at 75% cotyledon water content.
Observation Mitotic activity continued above 65% water content.
Observation Some G2 cells had not reached G1 at full ripening.
Observation Reserve accumulation persisted while water content exceeded 55%.
Mechanism The authors infer distinct critical water levels limit the examined ripening processes.

Effects of Submergence on Growth and Antioxidant Enzymes Activities of Sensitive Rice(Oryza sativa) Seedlings 1

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Mechanismauthor interpretationoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The authors attribute root/shoot imbalance, nutritional deficiency, overgrowth and lodging to submergence-induced water and pigment loss and ROS scavenging.

Taxon: riceOryza sativae0
Treatment: submergencee0
Outcome: root/shoot imbalance, nutritional defi ciency of rice seedlings, the whole plant overgrowth and lodginge0
Qualifier: enzymatic and non-enzymatic ROS scavenging systeme0

Verbatim

e0
“submergence resulted in decrease in phot osynthetic pigments and relative water content, and quickly triggered the operation of enzymatic and non-enzymatic ROS scavenging system, leading to root/shoot imbalance, nutritional defi ciency of rice seedlings, the whole plant overgrowth and lodging during the subsequent recovery”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1661–1985

Title

Effects of Submergence on Growth and Antioxidant Enzymes Activities of Sensitive Rice(Oryza sativa) Seedlings

Li Ma 2015

Other claims from this paper (15)

Observation Submergence elongated rice leaves and internodes and caused seedling overgrowth.
Observation Submergence reduced photosynthetic pigments and relative water content.
Observation Hydrogen peroxide content increased gradually under submergence.
Observation Malondialdehyde content rose then fell, peaking on day four of submergence.
Observation SOD activity first increased then decreased and was 80.91% higher on day six.
Observation POD activity first increased then decreased and was 51. 54% higher on day six.
Intervention effect CAT activity increased 66.59% on day eight relative to control.
Observation APX activity was relatively stable under submergence.
Observation GPX activity first increased to a fourth-day high of 78.82%, then decreased.
Observation Three days of recovery did not restore the lodging phenotype.
Observation Above-ground and underground dry weights increased during recovery under all treatments.
Observation Root/shoot ratio increased after two or four days of submergence followed by recovery.
Observation Root/shoot ratio decreased after six or eight days of submergence followed by recovery.
Observation MDA and ROS contents continued to increase during recovery.
Mechanism CAT and APX activities increased during recovery and participated in ROS scavenging.

Photoprotective function of betacyanin in leaves of Amaranthus cruentus L. under water stress 1

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Mechanismauthor interpretationoriginal resultpositivebasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

A decrease in chlorophyll content in betacyanic leaves might enhance the screening effect of betacyanin.

Taxon: Amaranthus cruentus L.Amaranthus cruentust0
Outcome: light screening effect of betacyanine0
Direction: enhancede0
Qualifier: increasing relative abundance of betacyanin to Chl moleculee0

Verbatim

e0
“a decrease in Chl content in betacyanic leaves might have enhanced light screening effect of betacyanin by increasing relative abundance of betacyanin to Chl molecule”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1235–1401

t0
“Amaranthus cruentus L.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 52–74

Title

Photoprotective function of betacyanin in leaves of Amaranthus cruentus L. under water stress

T. Nakashima; T. Araki; O. Ueno Photosynthetica 2011. doi:10.1007/s11099-011-0062-7

Other claims from this paper (10)

Assessing photosynthetic performance of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill) influenced by plant growth regulators and drought stress imposed at vegetative and reproductive stages 1

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Mechanismobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Fennel osmoregulation prevented a sharp fall in relative water content.

Taxon: fennelAnethum foeniculume0
Outcome: relative water contente0
Qualifier: active osmoregulatione0

Verbatim

e0
“fennel exhibited active osmoregulation which prevented a sharp decrease in relative water content”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 353–450

Title

Assessing photosynthetic performance of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill) influenced by plant growth regulators and drought stress imposed at vegetative and reproductive stages

Ghasem Parmoon; Ali Ebadi; Soodabeh Jahanbakhsh; et al. Italian Journal of Agronomy 2019. doi:10.4081/ija.2019.1319

Other claims from this paper (15)

Observation Fennel maintained high chlorophyll index, photosynthesis and transpiration under mild stress.
Intervention effect Severe stress reduced leaf chlorophyll index by 22%.
Intervention effect Severe stress reduced net photosynthesis by 24%.
Intervention effect Severe stress reduced transpiration by 50%.
Intervention effect Drought increased chlorophyll a fluorescence.
Intervention effect Severe vegetative stage drought increased Vk and Wk by 44%.
Intervention effect Severe flowering stage drought increased Vk and Wk by 34%.
Mechanism Elevated Vk and Wk indicated failure of water splitting in PSII.
Intervention effect Vegetative drought increased VJ by 16%.
Intervention effect Vegetative drought increased VI by 22%.
Intervention effect Reproductive drought increased VJ by 19%.
Intervention effect Reproductive drought increased VI by 30%.
Intervention effect PGRs reduced VJ, VI, Vk and Wk.
Intervention effect Three PGRs stimulated biomass production to about 1.6 fold control.
Association PGR effects were mainly independent of drought level.

Physiological responses of Eucalyptus urophylla young plants treated with biostimulant under water deficit 1

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Mechanismauthor interpretationoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Osmotic adjustment was presented as the cause of the smaller decrease in relative water content.

Taxon: Eucalyptus urophyllaEucalyptus urophyllat0
Outcome: relative water contente0
Qualifier: osmotic adjustmente0

Verbatim

e0
“relative water content had a less decrease, due to osmotic adjustment”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1016–1085

t0
“Eucalyptus urophylla”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 27–47

Title

Physiological responses of Eucalyptus urophylla young plants treated with biostimulant under water deficit

Rayka Kristian Alves Santos; Paulo Araquém Ramos Cairo; Romário Pereira Barbosa; et al. Ciência Florestal 2019. doi:10.5902/1980509826206

Other claims from this paper (5)

Intervention effect Stimulate® spraying raised net photosynthesis in water-limited Eucalyptus plants.
Intervention effect Stimulate® spraying lessened the decrease in relative water content under water limitation.
Intervention effect Stimulate® spraying produced greater plant height under water deficit.
Intervention effect Stimulate® spraying produced longer main roots under water deficit.
Recommendation The authors recommend Stimulate® as a viable option to mitigate physiological effects of water stress in young Eucalyptus.

“decrease in relative water content”

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Ameliorative effects of potassium nutrition on yield and fiber quality characteristics of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) under NaCl stress 2

Gas exchange, water relations and their relationships with photochemical reflectance index in Quercus ilex plants during water stress and recovery. 1

Response of the Succulent Leaves of Peperomia magnoliaefolia to Dehydration 1

SEASONAL AND DIURNAL CHANGES IN ABSCISIC ACID AND WATER RELATIONS OF APRICOT LEAVES (PRUNUS ARMENIACA L.) 1

Studies on the Effects of Relative Humidity of the Atmosphere upon the Growth and Physiology of Rice Plant : V. Influence of humidity on senescence of rice plant leaves 1

Relationship Between DNA Synthesis and Water Content During Ripening ofVicia FabaSeed 1

Effects of Submergence on Growth and Antioxidant Enzymes Activities of Sensitive Rice(Oryza sativa) Seedlings 1

Photoprotective function of betacyanin in leaves of Amaranthus cruentus L. under water stress 1

Assessing photosynthetic performance of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill) influenced by plant growth regulators and drought stress imposed at vegetative and reproductive stages 1

Physiological responses of Eucalyptus urophylla young plants treated with biostimulant under water deficit 1