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“decrease in dry weight”

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Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Conservation tillage significantly increased wheat plant height, spikes per plant and seeds per square meter relative to conventional tillage.

Taxon: spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0
Treatment: CTS, NTS, and NTe0
Outcome: plant height, number of spikes per plant, seed number per meter squaree0
Direction: increasede0
Comparator: CTe0

Verbatim

e0
“different conservative tillage systems (CTS, NTS, and NT) significantly ( p < 0.05) increased the plant height, number of spikes per plant, seed number per meter square, root yield, aboveground biomass yield, thousand-grain weight, grain yield, and dry matter yield compared with CT”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1072–1354

t0
“spring wheat”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 106–118

Title

Conservation tillage: a way to improve yield and soil properties and decrease global warming potential in spring wheat agroecosystems

Mahran Sadiq; Nasir Rahim; Majid Mahmood Tahir; et al. Frontiers in Microbiology 2024. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2024.1356426

Other claims from this paper (14)

Intervention effect Conservation tillage significantly increased wheat root, aboveground biomass and dry matter yields relative to conventional tillage.
Intervention effect Conservation tillage significantly increased wheat thousand-grain weight and grain yield relative to conventional tillage.
Intervention effect Conservation tillage improved soil water content, pore space and water storage over conventional tillage.
Intervention effect Conservation tillage improved soil organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus properties over conventional tillage.
Intervention effect Conservation tillage improved soil potassium, microbial counts and measured soil enzyme activities over conventional tillage.
Intervention effect Conservation tillage lowered soil temperature and bulk density relative to conventional tillage.
Intervention effect Conservation tillage showed non-significant effects on soil electrical conductivity, pH and stoichiometric ratios.
Intervention effect NTS reduced greenhouse gas emissions and net global warming potential by 23.44% relative to conventional tillage.
Intervention effect NT reduced greenhouse gas emissions and net global warming potential by 19.57% relative to conventional tillage.
Intervention effect CTS reduced greenhouse gas emissions and net global warming potential by 16.54% relative to conventional tillage.
Intervention effect NTS reduced greenhouse gas intensity by 23.20% relative to conventional tillage.
Intervention effect NT reduced greenhouse gas intensity by 29.96% relative to conventional tillage.
Intervention effect CTS reduced greenhouse gas intensity by 18.72% relative to conventional tillage.
Recommendation The authors recommend NTS to increase yield and improve soil and water conservation and climate resilience.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Paecilomyces lilacinus significantly increased black gram growth parameters.

Taxon: Black gramVigna mungot0
Treatment: Paecilomyces lilacinuse1
Interactor: Meloidogyne incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae0pest
Second interactor: Paecilomyces lilacinusPurpureocillium lilacinume0biocontrol_agent
Outcome: growth parameterse1
Direction: increasede1

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

t0
“Efficacy of Different Bio Control Agents against Meloidogyne incognita and Fusarium oxysporum on Black gram (Vigna mungo L)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–123

e0
“study the interaction of root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, Paecilomyces lilacinus”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 33–123

e1
“Paecilomyces lilacinus significantly increased the growth parameters of the black gram viz., plant height, root length, fresh and dry weight of shoot and roots with significant decrease in the number of galls and final nematode population”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 366–604

Title

Efficacy of Different Bio Control Agents against Meloidogyne incognita and Fusarium oxysporum on Black gram (Vigna mungo L)

Dilip Kumar; Jayant Bhatt; Ratan Lal Sharma International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 2017. doi:10.20546/ijcmas.2017.608.268

Other claims from this paper (12)

Intervention effect Paecilomyces lilacinus decreased the number of galls and the final nematode population on black gram.
Intervention effect Pochionia chlamydosporia was superior in improving black gram growth, ranking second.
Intervention effect Pochionia chlamydosporia reduced the nematode population on black gram.
Observation Paecilomyces lilacinus gave the maximum black gram plant height, 19.02 cm.
Observation Pochonia chlamydosporia gave a black gram plant height of 17.70 cm.
Observation Trichoderma viride gave a black gram plant height of 16.46 cm.
Observation Bacillus subtilis gave a black gram plant height of 15.68 cm.
Observation Pseudomonas fluorescence gave a black gram plant height of 13.96 cm.
Observation The inoculated control had the minimum black gram plant height, 11.10 cm.
Observation Paecilomyces lilacinus gave the maximum black gram root length, 18.38 cm.
Observation The control had the minimum black gram root length, 11.24 cm.
Intervention effect The other biocontrol treatments were significantly superior to the control in black gram root length.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Soaking for 2 hours decreased electrolyte leakage from sorghum seed.

Taxon: sorghumSorghumt0
Material: Numbu and Super1e2
Treatment: soaking duration 2 hourse4
Outcome: electrolyte leakagee4
Direction: decreaseinferrede4
Setting: Indonesian Cereal Research Institute (ICERI) seed laboratorye1

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

t0
“seed vigor of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. moench)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 46–95

e4
“The priming treatment with soaking duration 2 hours has positive significant effect on seed vigor, in terms of germination rate, shoot and root length and shoot and root dry weight, and electrolyte leakage”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 743–948

e1
“Research on priming was conducted in Indonesian Cereal Research Institute (ICERI) seed laboratory”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 119–216

e2
“Sorghum seed variety of Numbu and Super1 were used as varieties tested”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 505–575

Title

Effect of soaking duration in hydropriming on seed vigor of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. moench)

Oom Komalasari; Ramlah Arief IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science 2020. doi:10.1088/1755-1315/484/1/012121

Other claims from this paper (3)

Intervention effect Priming significantly increased germination percentage and germination rate of sorghum seed.
Intervention effect Priming significantly increased shoot and root length and shoot and root dry weight of sorghum seedlings.
Intervention effect Soaking for 2 hours increased germination rate, shoot and root length and shoot and root dry weight of sorghum seed.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

SADH spraying significantly increased starch content in the whole plant, bark, wood and roots of young apple trees.

Taxon: appleMalus domesticae0
Organ / stage: whole plant, bark, wood and rootse3
Treatment: 2 000 ppm of SADHe0
Outcome: starch contente3
Direction: increasee3
Comparator: unsprayed controlse2

Verbatim

e0
“Spraying young apple trees with 2 000 ppm of SADH resulted in a rapid decrease in the elongation growth of the apical meristem”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 7–133

e2
“Within at least four weeks after the application no difference was observed in the total dry weight of the plants compared to unsprayed controls”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 135–279

e3
“there was a significant increase in the starch content in the whole plant, bark, wood and roots”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 290–385

Title

Effect of Succinic Acid 2, 2-Dimethyl Hydrazide (SADH) on Starch Accumulation in Young Apple Trees

S. D. Filipovich; R. N. Rowe Journal of Horticultural Science 1977. doi:10.1080/00221589.1977.11514764

Other claims from this paper (2)

Intervention effect Spraying young apple trees with SADH decreased elongation growth of the apical meristem.
Intervention effect SADH spraying did not change the total dry weight of young apple trees within at least four weeks after application.

Observationobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

March girdling on MM 106 rootstock gave the highest increases in fruiting and quality traits.

Taxon: appleMalus domesticat0
Material: MM 106 rootstocke0
Treatment: girdling old shoots on mid-Marche0
Outcome: fruit set %, spurs number, leaf areae0
Direction: highest increasee0

Verbatim

e0
“girdling old shoots on mid-March treatment of the some trees onto MM 106 rootstock signiﬁcantly gave the highest increase of fruit set %, spurs number, leaf area, dry matter %, fruit weight, volume, diameter and length, total soluble solids (TSS %) and total carbohydrates %, C/N ratio, ABA and IAA, while gave significant decrease in fruit firmness, acidity, leaf N content in the ist and 2nd seasons.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 986–1388

t0
“APPLE TREES”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 71–82

Title

EFFECT OF BENDING AND GIRDLING SHOOTS ON GROWTH AND FRUITING OF "ANNA" APPLE TREES GRAFTED ON TWO APPLE ROOTSTOCKS

Eman Kandil,; A. Hussein; I. Saied Journal of Plant Production 2006. doi:10.21608/jpp.2006.235789

Other claims from this paper (6)

Intervention effect Most bending and girdling treatments increased fruit set, spur number, and leaf area relative to control.
Intervention effect Treatments increased fruit weight, volume, diameter and length.
Intervention effect Treatments increased dry matter, soluble solids, carbohydrates, C/N ratio and hormones.
Intervention effect Treatments reduced fruit firmness, acidity and total nitrogen.
Observation November bending on Malus rootstock gave the highest increase in fruit set, spur number, leaf area, dry matter, fruit traits, solids, carbohydrate ratio and hormones.
Recommendation The authors recommend November bending on Malus and March girdling on MM 106.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Stress significantly reduced stomatal and mesophyll conductance.

Taxon: pomegranatePunica granatume0 t0 e1 e2
Treatment: stress conditionse0 t0 e1 e2
Outcome: stomatal conductance of water vapour, and mesophyll conductancee0 t0 e1 e2
Direction: reducede0 t0 e1 e2

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“stomatal conductance of water vapour, and mesophyll conductance, was significantly reduced”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 755–845

t0
“Exogenous γ-aminobutyric acid improves the photosynthesis efficiency, soluble sugar contents, and mineral nutrients in pomegranate plants exposed to drought, salinity, and drought-salinity stresses”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–197

e1
“Under stress conditions, the photosynthetic capacity of two pomegranate cultivars, including transpiration rate, net photosynthetic rate, intercellular carbon dioxide concentration, stomatal conductance of water vapour, and mesophyll conductance, was significantly reduced”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 573–845

e2
“decrease in root morphological traits such as fresh and dry weight, diameter, and volume”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 866–954

Title

Exogenous γ-aminobutyric acid improves the photosynthesis efficiency, soluble sugar contents, and mineral nutrients in pomegranate plants exposed to drought, salinity, and drought-salinity stresses

Saeedeh Zarbakhsh; Ali Reza Shahsavar BMC Plant Biology 2023. doi:10.1186/s12870-023-04568-2

Other claims from this paper (10)

Intervention effect Stress significantly reduced transpiration, net photosynthesis, and intercellular CO2.
Intervention effect Stress decreased root fresh and dry weight, diameter, and volume.
Intervention effect Stress decreased aerial fresh and dry weight.
Intervention effect GABA reversed stress effects on growth parameters.
Intervention effect GABA maintained photosynthetic capacity under stress.
Intervention effect GABA increased total soluble carbohydrate, starch, and glucose.
Intervention effect GABA increased fructose and sucrose.
Intervention effect GABA increased uptake of potassium, potassium/sodium, and magnesium.
Intervention effect GABA increased uptake of phosphorus, manganese, zinc, and iron.
Intervention effect GABA up to 40 mM prevented sodium and chloride uptake.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultsignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Salinity increased proline content by 84-131%.

Taxon: tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
Treatment: Salinity stress (50 mM and 100 mM NaCl)e2
Outcome: proline contente2
Direction: increasee2
Value: 84-131%e2
Comparator: control (no stress conditions)e2

Verbatim

t0
“TOMATO (SOLANUM LYCOPERSICUM L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 93–125

e2
“Under salinity stress (50 mM and 100 mM NaCl), a significant decrease in the germination percentage (2-11%), seedling dry weight (17-29%), total seedling length (17-26%), seed vigour index I (19-32%), seed vigour index II (18-35%), and chlorophyll content (24-55%) was detected, whereas a significant increase in the proline content (84-131%), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (20-32%), and catalase (CAT) activity (1…” Show full quote
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1088–1585

Title

STANDARDIZING THE APPROPRIATE DOSES OF ZINC OXIDE NANOPARTICLES FOR ENHANCING THE QUALITY OF TOMATO (SOLANUM LYCOPERSICUM L.) SEEDS GROWN UNDER SALINE CONDITIONS

T. GHOSH; S.K. YADAV; S. YADAV; et al. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research 2025. doi:10.15666/aeer/2303_58595881

Other claims from this paper (13)

Intervention effect ZnO NP priming at 750 ppm for 6 h gave significantly greater germination (92%) than the controls.
Intervention effect ZnO NP priming at 750 ppm for 6 h gave significantly greater seed vigour index I (1399) than the controls.
Intervention effect ZnO NP priming at 750 ppm for 6 h gave significantly greater seed vigour index II (1813) than the controls.
Intervention effect Salinity decreased tomato germination percentage by 2-11%.
Intervention effect Salinity decreased tomato seedling dry weight by 17-29%.
Intervention effect Salinity decreased tomato total seedling length by 17-26%.
Intervention effect Salinity decreased seed vigour index I by 19-32%.
Intervention effect Salinity decreased seed vigour index II by 18-35%.
Intervention effect Salinity decreased chlorophyll content by 24-55%.
Intervention effect Salinity increased superoxide dismutase activity by 20-32%.
Intervention effect Salinity increased catalase activity by 19-39%.
Association ZnO NP nanopriming increased chlorophyll production, antioxidative mechanisms and osmotic regulation in tomato seedlings.
Association ZnO NP nanopriming reduced ROS and lipid peroxidation accumulation in tomato seedlings.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultsignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Salinity increased catalase activity by 19-39%.

Taxon: tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
Treatment: Salinity stress (50 mM and 100 mM NaCl)e2
Outcome: catalase (CAT) activitye2
Direction: increasee2
Value: 19-39%e2
Comparator: control (no stress conditions)e2

Verbatim

t0
“TOMATO (SOLANUM LYCOPERSICUM L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 93–125

e2
“Under salinity stress (50 mM and 100 mM NaCl), a significant decrease in the germination percentage (2-11%), seedling dry weight (17-29%), total seedling length (17-26%), seed vigour index I (19-32%), seed vigour index II (18-35%), and chlorophyll content (24-55%) was detected, whereas a significant increase in the proline content (84-131%), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (20-32%), and catalase (CAT) activity (1…” Show full quote
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1088–1585

Title

STANDARDIZING THE APPROPRIATE DOSES OF ZINC OXIDE NANOPARTICLES FOR ENHANCING THE QUALITY OF TOMATO (SOLANUM LYCOPERSICUM L.) SEEDS GROWN UNDER SALINE CONDITIONS

T. GHOSH; S.K. YADAV; S. YADAV; et al. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research 2025. doi:10.15666/aeer/2303_58595881

Other claims from this paper (13)

Intervention effect ZnO NP priming at 750 ppm for 6 h gave significantly greater germination (92%) than the controls.
Intervention effect ZnO NP priming at 750 ppm for 6 h gave significantly greater seed vigour index I (1399) than the controls.
Intervention effect ZnO NP priming at 750 ppm for 6 h gave significantly greater seed vigour index II (1813) than the controls.
Intervention effect Salinity decreased tomato germination percentage by 2-11%.
Intervention effect Salinity decreased tomato seedling dry weight by 17-29%.
Intervention effect Salinity decreased tomato total seedling length by 17-26%.
Intervention effect Salinity decreased seed vigour index I by 19-32%.
Intervention effect Salinity decreased seed vigour index II by 18-35%.
Intervention effect Salinity decreased chlorophyll content by 24-55%.
Intervention effect Salinity increased proline content by 84-131%.
Intervention effect Salinity increased superoxide dismutase activity by 20-32%.
Association ZnO NP nanopriming increased chlorophyll production, antioxidative mechanisms and osmotic regulation in tomato seedlings.
Association ZnO NP nanopriming reduced ROS and lipid peroxidation accumulation in tomato seedlings.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultsignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Salinity increased superoxide dismutase activity by 20-32%.

Taxon: tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
Treatment: Salinity stress (50 mM and 100 mM NaCl)e2
Outcome: superoxide dismutase (SOD) activitye2
Direction: increasee2
Value: 20-32%e2
Comparator: control (no stress conditions)e2

Verbatim

t0
“TOMATO (SOLANUM LYCOPERSICUM L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 93–125

e2
“Under salinity stress (50 mM and 100 mM NaCl), a significant decrease in the germination percentage (2-11%), seedling dry weight (17-29%), total seedling length (17-26%), seed vigour index I (19-32%), seed vigour index II (18-35%), and chlorophyll content (24-55%) was detected, whereas a significant increase in the proline content (84-131%), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (20-32%), and catalase (CAT) activity (1…” Show full quote
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1088–1585

Title

STANDARDIZING THE APPROPRIATE DOSES OF ZINC OXIDE NANOPARTICLES FOR ENHANCING THE QUALITY OF TOMATO (SOLANUM LYCOPERSICUM L.) SEEDS GROWN UNDER SALINE CONDITIONS

T. GHOSH; S.K. YADAV; S. YADAV; et al. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research 2025. doi:10.15666/aeer/2303_58595881

Other claims from this paper (13)

Intervention effect ZnO NP priming at 750 ppm for 6 h gave significantly greater germination (92%) than the controls.
Intervention effect ZnO NP priming at 750 ppm for 6 h gave significantly greater seed vigour index I (1399) than the controls.
Intervention effect ZnO NP priming at 750 ppm for 6 h gave significantly greater seed vigour index II (1813) than the controls.
Intervention effect Salinity decreased tomato germination percentage by 2-11%.
Intervention effect Salinity decreased tomato seedling dry weight by 17-29%.
Intervention effect Salinity decreased tomato total seedling length by 17-26%.
Intervention effect Salinity decreased seed vigour index I by 19-32%.
Intervention effect Salinity decreased seed vigour index II by 18-35%.
Intervention effect Salinity decreased chlorophyll content by 24-55%.
Intervention effect Salinity increased proline content by 84-131%.
Intervention effect Salinity increased catalase activity by 19-39%.
Association ZnO NP nanopriming increased chlorophyll production, antioxidative mechanisms and osmotic regulation in tomato seedlings.
Association ZnO NP nanopriming reduced ROS and lipid peroxidation accumulation in tomato seedlings.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Stress significantly reduced transpiration, net photosynthesis, and intercellular CO2.

Taxon: pomegranatePunica granatume0 t0 e1 e2
Treatment: stress conditionse0 t0 e1 e2
Outcome: transpiration rate, net photosynthetic rate, intercellular carbon dioxide concentratione0 t0 e1 e2
Direction: reducede0 t0 e1 e2

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“Under stress conditions, the photosynthetic capacity of two pomegranate cultivars, including transpiration rate, net photosynthetic rate, intercellular carbon dioxide concentration, stomatal conductance of water vapour, and mesophyll conductance, was significantly reduced”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 573–845

t0
“Exogenous γ-aminobutyric acid improves the photosynthesis efficiency, soluble sugar contents, and mineral nutrients in pomegranate plants exposed to drought, salinity, and drought-salinity stresses”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–197

e1
“Under stress conditions, the photosynthetic capacity of two pomegranate cultivars, including transpiration rate, net photosynthetic rate, intercellular carbon dioxide concentration, stomatal conductance of water vapour, and mesophyll conductance, was significantly reduced”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 573–845

e2
“decrease in root morphological traits such as fresh and dry weight, diameter, and volume”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 866–954

Title

Exogenous γ-aminobutyric acid improves the photosynthesis efficiency, soluble sugar contents, and mineral nutrients in pomegranate plants exposed to drought, salinity, and drought-salinity stresses

Saeedeh Zarbakhsh; Ali Reza Shahsavar BMC Plant Biology 2023. doi:10.1186/s12870-023-04568-2

Other claims from this paper (10)

Intervention effect Stress significantly reduced stomatal and mesophyll conductance.
Intervention effect Stress decreased root fresh and dry weight, diameter, and volume.
Intervention effect Stress decreased aerial fresh and dry weight.
Intervention effect GABA reversed stress effects on growth parameters.
Intervention effect GABA maintained photosynthetic capacity under stress.
Intervention effect GABA increased total soluble carbohydrate, starch, and glucose.
Intervention effect GABA increased fructose and sucrose.
Intervention effect GABA increased uptake of potassium, potassium/sodium, and magnesium.
Intervention effect GABA increased uptake of phosphorus, manganese, zinc, and iron.
Intervention effect GABA up to 40 mM prevented sodium and chloride uptake.

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“decrease in dry weight”

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