Search claims · PlantClaims

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Adjusting the maturation medium osmotic pressure improved maturation efficiency.

Taxon: Picea pungensPicea pungenst0
Treatment: manipulating the concentrations of carbohydrate and Gelrite and culture densitye2
Outcome: maturation efficiencye1
Direction: improvede1

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e1
“The maturation efficiency could also be improved”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1363–1411

e2
“by manipulating the concentrations of carbohydrate and Gelrite and culture density”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1466–1548

t0
“Picea pungens”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 97–110

Title

Optimizing Somatic Embryogenesis Initiation, Maturation and Preculturing for Cryopreservation in Picea pungens

Xi Cao; Fang Gao; Caiyun Qin; et al. Forests 2022. doi:10.3390/f13122097

Other claims from this paper (13)

Intervention effect The optimum initiation concentration of 2,4-D was 4.0 mg/L for maximizing initiation efficiency.
Intervention effect The optimum initiation concentration of 6-BA was 2 mg/L for maximizing initiation efficiency.
Intervention effect The optimum initiation sucrose concentration was 5 to 10 g/L for maximizing initiation efficiency.
Association The efficiency of mature somatic embryo maturation varied greatly with the basal medium and ABA concentration.
Recommendation Using the DCR medium as the basal medium and 10 mg/L ABA was the judicious choice for maturation.
Intervention effect Using sucrose as the carbohydrate source facilitated maturation.
Intervention effect A low (<8 g/L) Gelrite concentration in the maturation medium facilitated maturation.
Observation Optimal maturation selections were genotype-dependent.
Recommendation Culturing more than 100 mg embryogenesis tissue per dish is needless.
Recommendation The optimum pretreatment for embryogenesis tissue cryopreservation was proliferation medium with 0.4 mol/L sorbitol for 24 h, followed by 5% DMSO.
Observation The study significantly improved somatic embryo initiation to a frequency of 0.56.
Observation The study significantly improved embryo maturation efficiency to 1030 E/gFM.
Observation The preculturing protocol recovered 1354 E/gFM after cryopreservation.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Biogenic iron increased plant maturation efficiency.

Taxon: spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0
Treatment: use of biogenic irone0
Outcome: plant maturation efficiencye0
Direction: increasee0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“use of biogenic iron with an increase in plant maturation efficiency”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1056–1124

t0
“spring wheat”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 52–64

Title

The efficiency of some microelement compositions in spring wheat cultivation system

V N Timofeev; O A Vyushina IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science 2020. doi:10.1088/1755-1315/548/8/082043

Other claims from this paper (16)

Intervention effect Biogenic Fe did not affect initial plant development or germination.
Observation Seed infection was within 50%.
Intervention effect Fungicide seed treatment reduced seed infection by 90%.
Intervention effect Biogenic iron seed treatment reduced seed infection by 34%.
Intervention effect Fungicidal protectants suppressed root diseases caused by helminthosporious and Fusarium infections by 71-93%.
Intervention effect Biogenic iron suppressed root diseases by 30-60%.
Intervention effect A chemical fungicide had 77-82% reception efficiency against septoriosis.
Intervention effect Treatment at tillering with biogenic iron and biofungicide raised fungicide efficiency to 89%.
Intervention effect Biogenic Fe at tillering increased ear weight by 1.07 g.
Intervention effect Biogenic Fe at tillering increased lodging resistance.
Intervention effect Biogenic Fe at tillering decreased stem length.
Intervention effect Biogenic Fe at tillering reduced flag leaf blade development by 8.7-12.7%.
Intervention effect Biogenic Fe at tillering reduced total plant mass.
Intervention effect Biogenic iron and biofungicide increased yield by 9.8-12.4%.
Intervention effect Biogenic iron and biofungicide raised gluten content to 30%.
Recommendation Authors propose biogenic iron in spring wheat cultivation to reduce chemical fungicide load.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

At line-specific optimum concentrations, PEG increased maturation efficiency.

Taxon: Norway sprucePicea abiest0
Treatment: PEGe0
Outcome: maturation efficiencye0
Direction: highere0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“negative effects of PEG on embryo germination were compensated for by a higher maturation efficiency”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1633–1733

t0
“Norway spruce”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–13

Title

Norway spruce embryogenesis: changes in carbohydrate profile, structural development and response to polyethylene glycol

Lukáš Hudec; Hana Konrádová; Anna Hašková; et al. Tree Physiology 2016. doi:10.1093/treephys/tpw016

Other claims from this paper (14)

Observation During maturation, total soluble carbohydrates decreased and the sucrose to hexose ratio increased.
Observation The sucrose to hexose ratio increased during embryo maturation.
Observation Raffinose family oligosaccharides accumulated during desiccation.
Observation Raffinose family oligosaccharides rapidly degraded at germination onset.
Observation Sucrose decreased with germination.
Observation Hexoses increased with germination.
Observation Pinitol appeared with germination.
Association Deviation from the carbohydrate profile was proposed as a sign of inferior somatic embryo development.
Observation Healthy somatic embryos had a fatty acid spectrum dominated by linoleic acid.
Observation Zygotic embryos mainly contained oleic acid.
Intervention effect Highly embryogenic lines responded similarly to PEG except in sensitivity to high concentrations.
Intervention effect At line-specific optimum concentrations, PEG reduced embryo germination.
Intervention effect Appropriate PEG concentration improved healthy germinants per initial embryonal mass and accelerated the process.
Intervention effect PEG did not improve the poorly productive line.

Recommendationauthor interpretationoriginal resultpositivebasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

Improving embryo maturation and conversion was recommended to increase system efficiency.

Taxon: American chestnutCastanea dentatat0
Outcome: Improvement of embryo maturation and conversione0

Verbatim

e0
“Improvement of embryo maturation and conversion should quickly increase efficiency of the system”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1377–1473

t0
“American chestnut”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 46–63

Title

Plantlet regeneration from somatic embryos of American chestnut

Daniel T Carraway; Scott A Merkle Canadian Journal of Forest Research 1997. doi:10.1139/x97-123

Other claims from this paper (13)

Observation Embryogenic response across treatments, genotypes and explant types was 0.9%.
Observation Ovules and smaller embryos and cotyledons gave the most efficient embryogenic culture induction.
Intervention effect Only cultures continuously maintained on 2,4-D sustained somatic embryo production.
Intervention effect Benzyladenine reduced embryogenic culture induction about threefold.
Intervention effect Liquid woody plant medium with 3 mg/L 2,4-D and 0.25 mg/L BA gave the fastest culture growth.
Intervention effect Activated charcoal enhanced somatic embryo yield and growth.
Intervention effect Sucrose promoted more somatic embryos than fructose.
Intervention effect Fructose promoted a higher rate of single somatic embryo development than sucrose.
Intervention effect Chilling at 4∞C enhanced root development.
Observation Epicotyl elongation and true leaf formation were infrequent.
Observation Plantlets survived more than 60 days after transplantation.
Observation Plantlets failed to continue growing after transplantation.
Mechanism Fungus gnat larvae damage and high peat content were believed to contribute to failure of ex vitro survival.

Observationobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

The study significantly improved embryo maturation efficiency to 1030 E/gFM.

Taxon: Picea pungensPicea pungenst0
Outcome: embryo maturation efficienciese1
Value: 1030 E/gFMe1

Verbatim

e1
“embryo maturation efficiencies (achieved 1030 E/gFM)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2252–2304

t0
“Picea pungens”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 97–110

Title

Optimizing Somatic Embryogenesis Initiation, Maturation and Preculturing for Cryopreservation in Picea pungens

Xi Cao; Fang Gao; Caiyun Qin; et al. Forests 2022. doi:10.3390/f13122097

Other claims from this paper (13)

Intervention effect The optimum initiation concentration of 2,4-D was 4.0 mg/L for maximizing initiation efficiency.
Intervention effect The optimum initiation concentration of 6-BA was 2 mg/L for maximizing initiation efficiency.
Intervention effect The optimum initiation sucrose concentration was 5 to 10 g/L for maximizing initiation efficiency.
Association The efficiency of mature somatic embryo maturation varied greatly with the basal medium and ABA concentration.
Recommendation Using the DCR medium as the basal medium and 10 mg/L ABA was the judicious choice for maturation.
Intervention effect Adjusting the maturation medium osmotic pressure improved maturation efficiency.
Intervention effect Using sucrose as the carbohydrate source facilitated maturation.
Intervention effect A low (<8 g/L) Gelrite concentration in the maturation medium facilitated maturation.
Observation Optimal maturation selections were genotype-dependent.
Recommendation Culturing more than 100 mg embryogenesis tissue per dish is needless.
Recommendation The optimum pretreatment for embryogenesis tissue cryopreservation was proliferation medium with 0.4 mol/L sorbitol for 24 h, followed by 5% DMSO.
Observation The study significantly improved somatic embryo initiation to a frequency of 0.56.
Observation The preculturing protocol recovered 1354 E/gFM after cryopreservation.

Mechanismauthor interpretationoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Successive stamen movement could increase pollen transfer efficiency through sequential stamen maturation.

Taxon: protandrous herbt0
Outcome: pollen transfer efficiencye4
Qualifier: sequential stamen maturatione4

Verbatim

t0
“Sequential stamen maturation and movement in a protandrous herb”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–63

e4
“Our study provides good support for the pollen presentation theory and provides direct experimental evidence that successive stamen movement could increase pollen transfer efficiency by sequential stamen maturation”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1707–1921

Title

Sequential stamen maturation and movement in a protandrous herb: mechanisms increasing pollination efficiency and reducing sexual interference

Chang-Long Xiao; Hui Deng; Gan-Ju Xiang; et al. AoB Plants 2017. doi:10.1093/aobpla/plx019

Other claims from this paper (6)

Intervention effect Presenting two anthers simultaneously decreased the pollen transfer efficiency of halictid bees compared with the natural treatment.
Intervention effect Presenting two anthers simultaneously led to a similar pollen removal rate as the natural treatment.
Intervention effect Presenting two anthers simultaneously significantly reduced pollen deposition on neighbouring stigmas.
Intervention effect Pollen export decreased significantly when the central anther was moved away from the pistil.
Intervention effect Retaining the five spent anthers on the pistil significantly reduced pollen deposition and seed set.
Mechanism Movement herkogamy promotes pollen export, deposition and seed set.

Mechanismhypothesisoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Maturation may decrease soluble antioxidant concentration or efficiency in persimmon fruit.

Taxon: Diospyros kakiDiospyros kakit0
Outcome: soluble antioxidant concentration or efficiencye0
Qualifier: maturation decreasese0

Verbatim

t0
“commercial Rama Forte persimmon fruits (Diospyros kaki)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 38–93

e0
“which could indicate that maturation decreases soluble antioxidant concentration or efficiency”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1414–1508

Title

Antioxidant activity and mechanism of commercial Rama Forte persimmon fruits (Diospyros kaki)

Luana T. Dalvi; Daniel C. Moreira; Antonio Alonso; et al. PeerJ 2018. doi:10.7717/peerj.5223

Other claims from this paper (9)

Observationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Tamca-IIa mutants had decreased TaPep maturation efficiency.

Taxon: wheatTriticum aestivumt0
Material: Tamca-IIa mutantse0
Outcome: efficiency of TaPep maturatione0
Direction: decreasede0

Verbatim

e0
“In Tamca-IIa mutants, the efficiency of TaPep maturation was decreased and calcium dynamics were impaired, resulting in FHB susceptibility.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1196–1335

t0
“wheat”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 86–91

Title

The metacaspase–Peps–PEPR immune module confers resistance to Fusarium head blight in wheat

Yifan Dong; Qi An; Yi He; et al. The Plant Cell 2025. doi:10.1093/plcell/koaf177

Other claims from this paper (7)

Mechanism Processed TaPeps trigger wheat immunity and contribute to FHB resistance.
Intervention effect Three TaPeps significantly improved FHB resistance.
Mechanism TaPep elicitors activate innate immune signals and calcium dynamics through wheat PEP RECEPTOR 1 in response to Fusarium.
Intervention effect TaPROPEP overexpression reduces FHB severity.
Mechanism TaMCA-IIa cleaves TaPROPEPs at conserved arginine, promoting TaPep maturation and immune activation.
Observation Tamca-IIa mutants had impaired calcium dynamics and FHB susceptibility.
Intervention effect TaMCA-IIa overexpression enhanced immune response and FHB resistance without growth penalties.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Deficit irrigation during physiological maturation improved mango water use efficiency.

Taxon: mango treesMangifera indicat0
Treatment: Water deficit applied in the physiological maturation stagee0
Outcome: water use efficiencye0
Direction: improvese0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“Water deficit applied in the physiological maturation stage improves yield and water use efficiency”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1338–1437

t0
“mango trees”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 89–100

Title

Canonical correlation analysis applied to regulated deficit irrigation in ‘Tommy Atkins’ mango trees

Caroline Batista Gonçalves Dias; Marcelo Rocha dos Santos; Sérgio Luiz Rodrigues Donato; et al. Acta Scientiarum. Technology/Acta scientiarum. Technology 2023. doi:10.4025/actascitechnol.v45i1.62882

Other claims from this paper (5)

Intervention effect Water deficit decreased mango transpiration.
Intervention effect Water deficit decreased mango photosynthesis.
Intervention effect Water deficit increased mango leaf temperature.
Observation Mango root length density was similar across irrigation strategies near the trunk and surface.
Intervention effect Deficit irrigation during physiological maturation improved mango yield.

Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Gas exchange and water use efficiency trends reversed at seed maturation.

Taxon: Panicum miliaceumPanicum miliaceumt0
Organ / stage: seed maturation stagee0
Outcome: trendse0
Direction: reversede0

Verbatim

e0
“These trends were reversed in the seed maturation stage”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 511–566

t0
“PANICUM MILIACEUM”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 77–94

Title

GAS EXCHANGE VARIATION IN RESPONSE TO HETEROGENEOUS NUTRIENT ENVIRONMENTS IN PANICUM MILIACEUM

He Wei Acta Phytoecologica Sinica 2001

Other claims from this paper (6)

Association Photosynthetic, transpiration and stomatal conductance rates decreased with increasing nutrients before reproduction.
Association Water use efficiency increased with nutrients before reproduction.
Association Gas exchange correlated significantly with leaf nitrogen.
Association Gas exchange did not correlate with leaf phosphorus or potassium.
Intervention effect Heterogeneous nutrient environments significantly affected phosphorus and potassium use efficiency.
Intervention effect Heterogeneous nutrient environments did not significantly affect photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency.

“Maturation efficiency”

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