By research area › Breeding, agronomy & horticulture › Intervention effect

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectnot significant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Carrier volume (140 versus 280 L ha -1) did not significantly affect Palmer amaranth control.

Taxon: Palmer amaranthe0
Treatment: carrier volumee0
Outcome: Palmer amaranth controle0
Direction: did not significantly affecte0
Qualifier: 140 L ha -1 and 280 L ha -1e1

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“carrier volume did not significantly affect Palmer amaranth control at these volumes”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1360–1444

e1
“mixtures of 140 L ha -1 and 280 L ha -1”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1291–1330

Title

Managing Auxin-Resistant Palmer Amaranth ( Amaranthus palmeri ) from West Tennessee with Sequential Applications of 2,4-D with and without Glufosinate

Colton Fuller; Thomas Mueller; Lawrence E. Steckel Weed Technology 2026. doi:10.1017/wet.2026.10115

Other claims from this paper (3)

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Selenium fertilisation significantly increased the selenium content in the grain of spelt wheat.

Taxon: spelt wheate0
Treatment: Selenium fertilisatione0
Outcome: content of this element in the graine0
Direction: increasede0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“Selenium fertilisation significantly increased the content of this element in the grain of spelt wheat and common wheat”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 802–921

Title

Selenium (IV) and Sulphur (VI) as Elements Modifying Plant Quality: Content of Selenium and Sulphur Forms in Wheat

Marzena S. Brodowska; Magdalena Kurzyna-Szklarek; Mirosław Wyszkowski Molecules 2026. doi:10.3390/molecules31010160

Other claims from this paper (15)

Intervention effect Selenium fertilisation significantly increased the selenium content in the grain of common wheat.
Intervention effect The concentration of selenium in wheat was also influenced by the timing of selenium application.
Intervention effect The dose of selenium and the timing of its application were not associated with significant changes in the content of both forms of sulphur in the tested plants.
Intervention effect The experimental factors used did not lead to selenium levels toxic to humans and animals.
Intervention effect Sulphur presence in the growth environment increased total sulphur, sulphate sulphur and organic sulphur contents in spelt wheat grain and straw.
Intervention effect Sulphur presence in the growth environment increased total sulphur, sulphate sulphur and organic sulphur contents in common wheat grain and straw.
Intervention effect Sulphur presence increased total sulphur content of spelt wheat straw by an average of 17%.
Intervention effect Sulphur presence increased sulphate sulphur content of spelt wheat straw by an average of 29%.
Intervention effect Sulphur presence increased organic sulphur content of spelt wheat straw by an average of 23%.
Intervention effect Sulphur presence increased total sulphur content of common wheat straw by 26%.
Intervention effect Sulphur presence increased sulphate sulphur content of common wheat straw by 18%.
Intervention effect Sulphur presence increased organic sulphur content of common wheat straw by 57%.
Intervention effect The sulphur content in the plant growth environment was not associated with a change in the selenium content in the grain of the tested plants.
Recommendation The authors suggest the optimal selenium dose for biofortification is 20 mg Se ha-1 on clay soil, applied during the stem elongation phase of spelt and common wheat.
Recommendation The authors conclude that biofortification of wheat with selenium and sulphur is a good method of supplementing deficiencies of this element in the human diet.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Selenium fertilisation significantly increased the selenium content in the grain of common wheat.

Taxon: common wheatTriticum aestivume0
Treatment: Selenium fertilisatione0
Outcome: content of this element in the graine0
Direction: increasede0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“Selenium fertilisation significantly increased the content of this element in the grain of spelt wheat and common wheat”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 802–921

Title

Selenium (IV) and Sulphur (VI) as Elements Modifying Plant Quality: Content of Selenium and Sulphur Forms in Wheat

Marzena S. Brodowska; Magdalena Kurzyna-Szklarek; Mirosław Wyszkowski Molecules 2026. doi:10.3390/molecules31010160

Other claims from this paper (15)

Intervention effect Selenium fertilisation significantly increased the selenium content in the grain of spelt wheat.
Intervention effect The concentration of selenium in wheat was also influenced by the timing of selenium application.
Intervention effect The dose of selenium and the timing of its application were not associated with significant changes in the content of both forms of sulphur in the tested plants.
Intervention effect The experimental factors used did not lead to selenium levels toxic to humans and animals.
Intervention effect Sulphur presence in the growth environment increased total sulphur, sulphate sulphur and organic sulphur contents in spelt wheat grain and straw.
Intervention effect Sulphur presence in the growth environment increased total sulphur, sulphate sulphur and organic sulphur contents in common wheat grain and straw.
Intervention effect Sulphur presence increased total sulphur content of spelt wheat straw by an average of 17%.
Intervention effect Sulphur presence increased sulphate sulphur content of spelt wheat straw by an average of 29%.
Intervention effect Sulphur presence increased organic sulphur content of spelt wheat straw by an average of 23%.
Intervention effect Sulphur presence increased total sulphur content of common wheat straw by 26%.
Intervention effect Sulphur presence increased sulphate sulphur content of common wheat straw by 18%.
Intervention effect Sulphur presence increased organic sulphur content of common wheat straw by 57%.
Intervention effect The sulphur content in the plant growth environment was not associated with a change in the selenium content in the grain of the tested plants.
Recommendation The authors suggest the optimal selenium dose for biofortification is 20 mg Se ha-1 on clay soil, applied during the stem elongation phase of spelt and common wheat.
Recommendation The authors conclude that biofortification of wheat with selenium and sulphur is a good method of supplementing deficiencies of this element in the human diet.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The concentration of selenium in wheat was also influenced by the timing of selenium application.

Taxon: WheatTriticum aestivumt0
Treatment: timing of its applicatione0
Outcome: concentration of seleniume0

Not reportedComparatorDirection

Verbatim

t0
“Wheat”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 109–114

e0
“The concentration of selenium was also influenced by the timing of its application”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 923–1005

Title

Selenium (IV) and Sulphur (VI) as Elements Modifying Plant Quality: Content of Selenium and Sulphur Forms in Wheat

Marzena S. Brodowska; Magdalena Kurzyna-Szklarek; Mirosław Wyszkowski Molecules 2026. doi:10.3390/molecules31010160

Other claims from this paper (15)

Intervention effect Selenium fertilisation significantly increased the selenium content in the grain of spelt wheat.
Intervention effect Selenium fertilisation significantly increased the selenium content in the grain of common wheat.
Intervention effect The dose of selenium and the timing of its application were not associated with significant changes in the content of both forms of sulphur in the tested plants.
Intervention effect The experimental factors used did not lead to selenium levels toxic to humans and animals.
Intervention effect Sulphur presence in the growth environment increased total sulphur, sulphate sulphur and organic sulphur contents in spelt wheat grain and straw.
Intervention effect Sulphur presence in the growth environment increased total sulphur, sulphate sulphur and organic sulphur contents in common wheat grain and straw.
Intervention effect Sulphur presence increased total sulphur content of spelt wheat straw by an average of 17%.
Intervention effect Sulphur presence increased sulphate sulphur content of spelt wheat straw by an average of 29%.
Intervention effect Sulphur presence increased organic sulphur content of spelt wheat straw by an average of 23%.
Intervention effect Sulphur presence increased total sulphur content of common wheat straw by 26%.
Intervention effect Sulphur presence increased sulphate sulphur content of common wheat straw by 18%.
Intervention effect Sulphur presence increased organic sulphur content of common wheat straw by 57%.
Intervention effect The sulphur content in the plant growth environment was not associated with a change in the selenium content in the grain of the tested plants.
Recommendation The authors suggest the optimal selenium dose for biofortification is 20 mg Se ha-1 on clay soil, applied during the stem elongation phase of spelt and common wheat.
Recommendation The authors conclude that biofortification of wheat with selenium and sulphur is a good method of supplementing deficiencies of this element in the human diet.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectnot significant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

The dose of selenium and the timing of its application were not associated with significant changes in the content of both forms of sulphur in the tested plants.

Taxon: WheatTriticum aestivumt0
Treatment: dose of selenium and the timing of its applicatione0
Outcome: content of both forms of sulphure0
Direction: not associated with significant changese0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

t0
“Wheat”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 109–114

e0
“the dose of selenium and the timing of its application were not associated with significant changes in the content of both forms of sulphur in the tested plants”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1048–1208

Title

Selenium (IV) and Sulphur (VI) as Elements Modifying Plant Quality: Content of Selenium and Sulphur Forms in Wheat

Marzena S. Brodowska; Magdalena Kurzyna-Szklarek; Mirosław Wyszkowski Molecules 2026. doi:10.3390/molecules31010160

Other claims from this paper (15)

Intervention effect Selenium fertilisation significantly increased the selenium content in the grain of spelt wheat.
Intervention effect Selenium fertilisation significantly increased the selenium content in the grain of common wheat.
Intervention effect The concentration of selenium in wheat was also influenced by the timing of selenium application.
Intervention effect The experimental factors used did not lead to selenium levels toxic to humans and animals.
Intervention effect Sulphur presence in the growth environment increased total sulphur, sulphate sulphur and organic sulphur contents in spelt wheat grain and straw.
Intervention effect Sulphur presence in the growth environment increased total sulphur, sulphate sulphur and organic sulphur contents in common wheat grain and straw.
Intervention effect Sulphur presence increased total sulphur content of spelt wheat straw by an average of 17%.
Intervention effect Sulphur presence increased sulphate sulphur content of spelt wheat straw by an average of 29%.
Intervention effect Sulphur presence increased organic sulphur content of spelt wheat straw by an average of 23%.
Intervention effect Sulphur presence increased total sulphur content of common wheat straw by 26%.
Intervention effect Sulphur presence increased sulphate sulphur content of common wheat straw by 18%.
Intervention effect Sulphur presence increased organic sulphur content of common wheat straw by 57%.
Intervention effect The sulphur content in the plant growth environment was not associated with a change in the selenium content in the grain of the tested plants.
Recommendation The authors suggest the optimal selenium dose for biofortification is 20 mg Se ha-1 on clay soil, applied during the stem elongation phase of spelt and common wheat.
Recommendation The authors conclude that biofortification of wheat with selenium and sulphur is a good method of supplementing deficiencies of this element in the human diet.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The experimental factors used did not lead to selenium levels toxic to humans and animals.

Taxon: WheatTriticum aestivumt0
Treatment: experimental factorse0
Outcome: selenium levels toxic to humans and animalse0
Direction: did not contributee0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

t0
“Wheat”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 109–114

e0
“The experimental factors used did not contribute to the achievement of selenium levels toxic to humans and animals”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1210–1324

Title

Selenium (IV) and Sulphur (VI) as Elements Modifying Plant Quality: Content of Selenium and Sulphur Forms in Wheat

Marzena S. Brodowska; Magdalena Kurzyna-Szklarek; Mirosław Wyszkowski Molecules 2026. doi:10.3390/molecules31010160

Other claims from this paper (15)

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Sulphur presence in the growth environment increased total sulphur, sulphate sulphur and organic sulphur contents in spelt wheat grain and straw.

Taxon: spelt wheate0
Organ / stage: grain and strawe0
Treatment: presence of sulphure0
Outcome: content of both total sulphur, sulphate sulphur and organic sulphure0
Direction: increasee0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“The presence of sulphur in the growth environment of spelt wheat and common wheat was associated with an increase in the content of both total sulphur, sulphate sulphur and organic sulphur in their grain and straw, especially in spelt wheat straw by an average of 17%, 29% and 23%, respectively, and in common wheat straw by 26%, 18% and 57%, respectively”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1326–1681

Title

Selenium (IV) and Sulphur (VI) as Elements Modifying Plant Quality: Content of Selenium and Sulphur Forms in Wheat

Marzena S. Brodowska; Magdalena Kurzyna-Szklarek; Mirosław Wyszkowski Molecules 2026. doi:10.3390/molecules31010160

Other claims from this paper (15)

Intervention effect Selenium fertilisation significantly increased the selenium content in the grain of spelt wheat.
Intervention effect Selenium fertilisation significantly increased the selenium content in the grain of common wheat.
Intervention effect The concentration of selenium in wheat was also influenced by the timing of selenium application.
Intervention effect The dose of selenium and the timing of its application were not associated with significant changes in the content of both forms of sulphur in the tested plants.
Intervention effect The experimental factors used did not lead to selenium levels toxic to humans and animals.
Intervention effect Sulphur presence in the growth environment increased total sulphur, sulphate sulphur and organic sulphur contents in common wheat grain and straw.
Intervention effect Sulphur presence increased total sulphur content of spelt wheat straw by an average of 17%.
Intervention effect Sulphur presence increased sulphate sulphur content of spelt wheat straw by an average of 29%.
Intervention effect Sulphur presence increased organic sulphur content of spelt wheat straw by an average of 23%.
Intervention effect Sulphur presence increased total sulphur content of common wheat straw by 26%.
Intervention effect Sulphur presence increased sulphate sulphur content of common wheat straw by 18%.
Intervention effect Sulphur presence increased organic sulphur content of common wheat straw by 57%.
Intervention effect The sulphur content in the plant growth environment was not associated with a change in the selenium content in the grain of the tested plants.
Recommendation The authors suggest the optimal selenium dose for biofortification is 20 mg Se ha-1 on clay soil, applied during the stem elongation phase of spelt and common wheat.
Recommendation The authors conclude that biofortification of wheat with selenium and sulphur is a good method of supplementing deficiencies of this element in the human diet.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Sulphur presence in the growth environment increased total sulphur, sulphate sulphur and organic sulphur contents in common wheat grain and straw.

Taxon: common wheatTriticum aestivume0
Organ / stage: grain and strawe0
Treatment: presence of sulphure0
Outcome: content of both total sulphur, sulphate sulphur and organic sulphure0
Direction: increasee0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“The presence of sulphur in the growth environment of spelt wheat and common wheat was associated with an increase in the content of both total sulphur, sulphate sulphur and organic sulphur in their grain and straw, especially in spelt wheat straw by an average of 17%, 29% and 23%, respectively, and in common wheat straw by 26%, 18% and 57%, respectively”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1326–1681

Title

Selenium (IV) and Sulphur (VI) as Elements Modifying Plant Quality: Content of Selenium and Sulphur Forms in Wheat

Marzena S. Brodowska; Magdalena Kurzyna-Szklarek; Mirosław Wyszkowski Molecules 2026. doi:10.3390/molecules31010160

Other claims from this paper (15)

Intervention effect Selenium fertilisation significantly increased the selenium content in the grain of spelt wheat.
Intervention effect Selenium fertilisation significantly increased the selenium content in the grain of common wheat.
Intervention effect The concentration of selenium in wheat was also influenced by the timing of selenium application.
Intervention effect The dose of selenium and the timing of its application were not associated with significant changes in the content of both forms of sulphur in the tested plants.
Intervention effect The experimental factors used did not lead to selenium levels toxic to humans and animals.
Intervention effect Sulphur presence in the growth environment increased total sulphur, sulphate sulphur and organic sulphur contents in spelt wheat grain and straw.
Intervention effect Sulphur presence increased total sulphur content of spelt wheat straw by an average of 17%.
Intervention effect Sulphur presence increased sulphate sulphur content of spelt wheat straw by an average of 29%.
Intervention effect Sulphur presence increased organic sulphur content of spelt wheat straw by an average of 23%.
Intervention effect Sulphur presence increased total sulphur content of common wheat straw by 26%.
Intervention effect Sulphur presence increased sulphate sulphur content of common wheat straw by 18%.
Intervention effect Sulphur presence increased organic sulphur content of common wheat straw by 57%.
Intervention effect The sulphur content in the plant growth environment was not associated with a change in the selenium content in the grain of the tested plants.
Recommendation The authors suggest the optimal selenium dose for biofortification is 20 mg Se ha-1 on clay soil, applied during the stem elongation phase of spelt and common wheat.
Recommendation The authors conclude that biofortification of wheat with selenium and sulphur is a good method of supplementing deficiencies of this element in the human diet.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Sulphur presence increased total sulphur content of spelt wheat straw by an average of 17%.

Taxon: spelt wheate0
Organ / stage: strawe0
Treatment: presence of sulphure0
Outcome: total sulphure0
Direction: increasee0
Value: 17%e0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“The presence of sulphur in the growth environment of spelt wheat and common wheat was associated with an increase in the content of both total sulphur, sulphate sulphur and organic sulphur in their grain and straw, especially in spelt wheat straw by an average of 17%, 29% and 23%, respectively, and in common wheat straw by 26%, 18% and 57%, respectively”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1326–1681

Title

Selenium (IV) and Sulphur (VI) as Elements Modifying Plant Quality: Content of Selenium and Sulphur Forms in Wheat

Marzena S. Brodowska; Magdalena Kurzyna-Szklarek; Mirosław Wyszkowski Molecules 2026. doi:10.3390/molecules31010160

Other claims from this paper (15)

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Sulphur presence increased sulphate sulphur content of spelt wheat straw by an average of 29%.

Taxon: spelt wheate0
Organ / stage: strawe0
Treatment: presence of sulphure0
Outcome: sulphate sulphure0
Direction: increasee0
Value: 29%e0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“The presence of sulphur in the growth environment of spelt wheat and common wheat was associated with an increase in the content of both total sulphur, sulphate sulphur and organic sulphur in their grain and straw, especially in spelt wheat straw by an average of 17%, 29% and 23%, respectively, and in common wheat straw by 26%, 18% and 57%, respectively”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1326–1681

Title

Selenium (IV) and Sulphur (VI) as Elements Modifying Plant Quality: Content of Selenium and Sulphur Forms in Wheat

Marzena S. Brodowska; Magdalena Kurzyna-Szklarek; Mirosław Wyszkowski Molecules 2026. doi:10.3390/molecules31010160

Other claims from this paper (15)

Intervention effect Selenium fertilisation significantly increased the selenium content in the grain of spelt wheat.
Intervention effect Selenium fertilisation significantly increased the selenium content in the grain of common wheat.
Intervention effect The concentration of selenium in wheat was also influenced by the timing of selenium application.
Intervention effect The dose of selenium and the timing of its application were not associated with significant changes in the content of both forms of sulphur in the tested plants.
Intervention effect The experimental factors used did not lead to selenium levels toxic to humans and animals.
Intervention effect Sulphur presence in the growth environment increased total sulphur, sulphate sulphur and organic sulphur contents in spelt wheat grain and straw.
Intervention effect Sulphur presence in the growth environment increased total sulphur, sulphate sulphur and organic sulphur contents in common wheat grain and straw.
Intervention effect Sulphur presence increased total sulphur content of spelt wheat straw by an average of 17%.
Intervention effect Sulphur presence increased organic sulphur content of spelt wheat straw by an average of 23%.
Intervention effect Sulphur presence increased total sulphur content of common wheat straw by 26%.
Intervention effect Sulphur presence increased sulphate sulphur content of common wheat straw by 18%.
Intervention effect Sulphur presence increased organic sulphur content of common wheat straw by 57%.
Intervention effect The sulphur content in the plant growth environment was not associated with a change in the selenium content in the grain of the tested plants.
Recommendation The authors suggest the optimal selenium dose for biofortification is 20 mg Se ha-1 on clay soil, applied during the stem elongation phase of spelt and common wheat.
Recommendation The authors conclude that biofortification of wheat with selenium and sulphur is a good method of supplementing deficiencies of this element in the human diet.

Intervention effect 1,925,677 claims

1,925,677 claims