Abstract
In order to achieve high-quality yields, it is essential to provide plants with the necessary nutrients, including selenium (Se) and sulphur (S), to meet their nutritional requirements. This study aimed to determine the effect of selenium (0, 10 and 20 g Se ha−1) and the date of its application (in the tillering phase and in the stem elongation phase) and sulphur application (0, 15 and 30 kg S ha−1) on the content of selenium and various forms of sulphur (total sulphur, sulphate sulphur and organic sulphur) and the N:S ratio in winter spelt wheat and winter common wheat. The research hypothesis assumed that different doses of selenium and sulphur and the timing of their application would have a beneficial effect on the Se and S content in the grain and straw of spelt wheat and common wheat. Selenium fertilisation significantly increased the content of this element in the grain of spelt wheat and common wheat. The concentration of selenium was also influenced by the timing of its application in the plant growth environment. However, the dose of selenium and the timing of its application were not associated with significant changes in the content of both forms of sulphur in the tested plants. The experimental factors used did not contribute to the achievement of selenium levels toxic to humans and animals. The presence of sulphur in the growth environment of spelt wheat and common wheat was associated with an increase in the content of both total sulphur, sulphate sulphur and organic sulphur in their grain and straw, especially in spelt wheat straw by an average of 17%, 29% and 23%, respectively, and in common wheat straw by 26%, 18% and 57%, respectively. The sulphur content in the plant growth environment was not associated with a change in the selenium content in the grain of the tested plants. The results of our study suggest that the optimal dose of selenium for biofortification of humans and animals is 20 mg Se ha−1 on clay soil, applied during the stem elongation phase of spelt and common wheat. Biofortification of wheat with selenium and sulphur is a good method of supplementing deficiencies of this element in the human diet.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Selenium fertilisation significantly increased the selenium content in the grain of spelt wheat.
- Taxon
- spelt wheate0
- Treatment
- Selenium fertilisatione0
- Outcome
- content of this element in the graine0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Selenium fertilisation significantly increased the content of this element in the grain of spelt wheat and common wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Selenium fertilisation significantly increased the selenium content in the grain of common wheat.
- Taxon
- common wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- Selenium fertilisatione0
- Outcome
- content of this element in the graine0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Selenium fertilisation significantly increased the content of this element in the grain of spelt wheat and common wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The concentration of selenium in wheat was also influenced by the timing of selenium application.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- timing of its applicatione0
- Outcome
- concentration of seleniume0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat”
e0“The concentration of selenium was also influenced by the timing of its application”
Claim · model-written summary
The dose of selenium and the timing of its application were not associated with significant changes in the content of both forms of sulphur in the tested plants.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- dose of selenium and the timing of its applicatione0
- Outcome
- content of both forms of sulphure0
- Direction
- not associated with significant changese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat”
e0“the dose of selenium and the timing of its application were not associated with significant changes in the content of both forms of sulphur in the tested plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The experimental factors used did not lead to selenium levels toxic to humans and animals.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- experimental factorse0
- Outcome
- selenium levels toxic to humans and animalse0
- Direction
- did not contributee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat”
e0“The experimental factors used did not contribute to the achievement of selenium levels toxic to humans and animals”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulphur presence in the growth environment increased total sulphur, sulphate sulphur and organic sulphur contents in spelt wheat grain and straw.
- Taxon
- spelt wheate0
- Organ / stage
- grain and strawe0
- Treatment
- presence of sulphure0
- Outcome
- content of both total sulphur, sulphate sulphur and organic sulphure0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The presence of sulphur in the growth environment of spelt wheat and common wheat was associated with an increase in the content of both total sulphur, sulphate sulphur and organic sulphur in their grain and straw, especially in spelt wheat straw by an average of 17%, 29% and 23%, respectively, and in common wheat straw by 26%, 18% and 57%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulphur presence in the growth environment increased total sulphur, sulphate sulphur and organic sulphur contents in common wheat grain and straw.
- Taxon
- common wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- grain and strawe0
- Treatment
- presence of sulphure0
- Outcome
- content of both total sulphur, sulphate sulphur and organic sulphure0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The presence of sulphur in the growth environment of spelt wheat and common wheat was associated with an increase in the content of both total sulphur, sulphate sulphur and organic sulphur in their grain and straw, especially in spelt wheat straw by an average of 17%, 29% and 23%, respectively, and in common wheat straw by 26%, 18% and 57%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulphur presence increased total sulphur content of spelt wheat straw by an average of 17%.
- Taxon
- spelt wheate0
- Organ / stage
- strawe0
- Treatment
- presence of sulphure0
- Outcome
- total sulphure0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 17%e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The presence of sulphur in the growth environment of spelt wheat and common wheat was associated with an increase in the content of both total sulphur, sulphate sulphur and organic sulphur in their grain and straw, especially in spelt wheat straw by an average of 17%, 29% and 23%, respectively, and in common wheat straw by 26%, 18% and 57%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulphur presence increased sulphate sulphur content of spelt wheat straw by an average of 29%.
- Taxon
- spelt wheate0
- Organ / stage
- strawe0
- Treatment
- presence of sulphure0
- Outcome
- sulphate sulphure0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 29%e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The presence of sulphur in the growth environment of spelt wheat and common wheat was associated with an increase in the content of both total sulphur, sulphate sulphur and organic sulphur in their grain and straw, especially in spelt wheat straw by an average of 17%, 29% and 23%, respectively, and in common wheat straw by 26%, 18% and 57%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulphur presence increased organic sulphur content of spelt wheat straw by an average of 23%.
- Taxon
- spelt wheate0
- Organ / stage
- strawe0
- Treatment
- presence of sulphure0
- Outcome
- organic sulphure0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 23%e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The presence of sulphur in the growth environment of spelt wheat and common wheat was associated with an increase in the content of both total sulphur, sulphate sulphur and organic sulphur in their grain and straw, especially in spelt wheat straw by an average of 17%, 29% and 23%, respectively, and in common wheat straw by 26%, 18% and 57%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulphur presence increased total sulphur content of common wheat straw by 26%.
- Taxon
- common wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- strawe0
- Treatment
- presence of sulphure0
- Outcome
- total sulphure0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 26%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The presence of sulphur in the growth environment of spelt wheat and common wheat was associated with an increase in the content of both total sulphur, sulphate sulphur and organic sulphur in their grain and straw, especially in spelt wheat straw by an average of 17%, 29% and 23%, respectively, and in common wheat straw by 26%, 18% and 57%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulphur presence increased sulphate sulphur content of common wheat straw by 18%.
- Taxon
- common wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- strawe0
- Treatment
- presence of sulphure0
- Outcome
- sulphate sulphure0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 18%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The presence of sulphur in the growth environment of spelt wheat and common wheat was associated with an increase in the content of both total sulphur, sulphate sulphur and organic sulphur in their grain and straw, especially in spelt wheat straw by an average of 17%, 29% and 23%, respectively, and in common wheat straw by 26%, 18% and 57%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulphur presence increased organic sulphur content of common wheat straw by 57%.
- Taxon
- common wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- strawe0
- Treatment
- presence of sulphure0
- Outcome
- organic sulphure0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 57%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The presence of sulphur in the growth environment of spelt wheat and common wheat was associated with an increase in the content of both total sulphur, sulphate sulphur and organic sulphur in their grain and straw, especially in spelt wheat straw by an average of 17%, 29% and 23%, respectively, and in common wheat straw by 26%, 18% and 57%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The sulphur content in the plant growth environment was not associated with a change in the selenium content in the grain of the tested plants.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- graine0
- Treatment
- sulphur content in the plant growth environmente0
- Outcome
- selenium content in the graine0
- Direction
- not associated with a changee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat”
e0“The sulphur content in the plant growth environment was not associated with a change in the selenium content in the grain of the tested plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest the optimal selenium dose for biofortification is 20 mg Se ha-1 on clay soil, applied during the stem elongation phase of spelt and common wheat.
- Taxon
- spelt and common wheatTriticum aestivum
_Locatie_De_Kruidhof.JPG?width=60)
Triticum speltae0 - Outcome
- optimal dose of selenium for biofortificatione0
- Value
- 20 mg Se ha−1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Locatie_De_Kruidhof.JPG?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“the optimal dose of selenium for biofortification of humans and animals is 20 mg Se ha−1 on clay soil, applied during the stem elongation phase of spelt and common wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that biofortification of wheat with selenium and sulphur is a good method of supplementing deficiencies of this element in the human diet.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- good method of supplementing deficiencies of this element in the human diete0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat”
e0“Biofortification of wheat with selenium and sulphur is a good method of supplementing deficiencies of this element in the human diet”
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