Intervention effectmodel-written summary

BoF (T 3) raised N harvest index (HI N ) by 14–24% compared with T 2 in the research trials.

A claim from Bio-Organic Fertilizer: A Green Technology to Reduce Synthetic N and P Fertilizer for Rice Production · 2021

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

BoF (T 3) raised N harvest index (HI N ) by 14–24% compared with T 2 in the research trials.

Treatment
BoF (2 t ha –1 ) + 70% N as urea + 100% K as muriate of potashe3
Outcome
N harvest index (HI N )e2
Direction
highere2
Value
14–24%e2
Qualifier
Depending on seasonse2
Comparator
T 2 treatmente2

Not reportedMaterialGeneCompoundOrgan / stageInteractorInteractor roleSecond interactorSecond interactor roleSetting

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Oryza sativa
Oryza sativa · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryDesmanthus4food · CC BY-SA 3.0 us · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“for Rice Production”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 82–101
e2

“Depending on seasons, higher agronomic N use efficiency (19–30%), physiological N use efficiency (8–18%), partial factor productivity (PFP) N (114–150%), recovery efficiency (RE) N (3–31%), N harvest index (HI N ) (14–24%), agronomic P use efficiency (22–25%), partial factor productivity of P (9–12%), ARE P (15–23%), and HI P (3–6%) were obtained in T 3 compared with T 2 treatment”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1391–1774
e3

“BoF (2 t ha –1 ) + 70% N as urea + 100% K as muriate of potash”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1115–1177

Title

Bio-Organic Fertilizer: A Green Technology to Reduce Synthetic N and P Fertilizer for Rice Production

Umme Aminun Naher; Jatish Chandra Biswas; Md. Maniruzzaman; et al. Frontiers in Plant Science 2021. doi:10.3389/fpls.2021.602052

Other claims from this paper (17)

Record rev-9adde34eb7c161917c68bbb841573dd79541032aa98b32c26aa3e580394d8387 · schema claims-v0.9 · position 6 in the model’s answer

potassium chloride · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results

25 papers: 23 positive, 2 negative or no effect

22 papers in the same direction as this claim · 1 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. negative
    Both NaCl and KCl reduced grain yield to a similar extent across rice varieties.

    Cl− More Detrimental Than Na+ in Rice Under Long-Term Saline Conditions · 2018 · compared with control

    Opposite direction

  2. no effect
    Adding KCl 120 kg ha-1 in Margodadi gave the same yield weight as incorporating 5 Mg ha-1 rice straw.

    Nutrient Balance at Integrated Nutrient Management on Lowland Rice Which is Dominated by 1:1 Clay Mineral for High Potential Rice Yields · 2018 · compared with incorporating 5 Mg ha-1 rice straw

    No difference from an alternative

  3. positive
    Rice straw and kernel yield and harvest index was Maximum after KCl.

    Seed priming improves growth of nursery seedlings and yield of transplanted rice · 2007

    Same direction

  4. positive
    KCl-Zn increased grain yield around 35% versus no zinc.

    Role of Zinc Fertilizers in Increasing Grain Zinc Concentration and Improving Grain Yield of Rice · 2009 · compared with control treatment without any Zn application

    Same direction

  5. positive
    The fertilizer, dolomite and compost regime improved rice growth and biomass.

    Management of inherent soil fertility of newly opened wetland rice field for sustainable rice farming in Indonesia · 2011

    Same direction

  6. positive
    Urea + KCl increased grain yield by 14.03% compared with no fertilizer, reaching 5.04 t/ha dry grain harvest.

    PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN PUPUK TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL PADI SAWAH · 2017 · compared with without fertilizer treatment

    Same direction

  7. positive
    The KCl treatment produced the highest rice yield among the three potassium fertilizers.

    Effects of different phosphate and potassium fertilizers on yields and cadmium uptake by paddy rice. · 2009 · compared with K2SO4 treatment

    Same direction

  8. positive
    The NPK plus biourine treatment produced the highest average rice yield, 1351.7 kg/m 2.

    The Effect Of Solid Fertilizers And Biourine Application On Plants Rice CV Ciherang at Ngujung, Batu, East Java · 2015 · compared with 10 tons/ha cow manure

    Same direction

16 papers more in this group

See all 25 papers →

nitrogen · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results

2,045 papers: 1,803 positive, 242 negative or no effect

1,802 papers in the same direction as this claim · 193 in the opposite direction · 49 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. negative
    Chaffy grain number and chaffy grain weight per 5 panicles increased significantly with enhancing nitrogen doses.

    Physiological response of rice (Oryza sativaL.) genotypes to elevated nitrogen applied under field conditions · 2014

    Opposite directionCited by this paper

  2. positive
    Nitrogen rates of 200 to 250 kg ha−1 commonly produced higher rice grain yield than lower or higher rates in most regions.

    Review grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency in rice production regions in China · 2015 · compared with less than 200 kg N ha−1 and more than 250 kg N ha−1

    Same directionCited by this paper

  3. negative
    Green manure and rice straw nitrogen, alone or in combination with inorganic N, gave lower grain yield, agronomic efficiency and apparent nitrogen uptake than a standard split application of prilled urea.

    Long-term Comparison of the Agronomic Efficiency and Residual Benefits of Organic and Inorganic Nitrogen Sources for Tropical Lowland Rice · 1996 · compared with a standard split application of prilled urea

    Opposite direction

  4. negative
    Excessive nitrogen yielded 2.68–6.31% less than appropriate nitrogen application.

    Excessive Nitrogen Application Leads to Lower Rice Yield and Grain Quality by Inhibiting the Grain Filling of Inferior Grains · 2022 · compared with appropriate nitrogen application (270 kg N ha−1)

    Opposite direction

  5. negative
    SCU reduced rice yield, though not significantly.

    Effects of different types of slow- and controlled-release fertilizers on rice yield · 2021

    Opposite direction

  6. negative
    Preflood urea applied 14 days early yielded lowest grain yield of rice.

    Ammonia Volatilization and Nitrogen Uptake for Conventional and Conservation Tilled Dry‐Seeded, Delayed‐Flood Rice · 2007

    Opposite direction

  7. no effect
    Applying 30 kg N ha−1 at each SPAD drop below 37.5 gave rice yields equivalent to 120 kg N ha−1 applied in three splits

    Chlorophyll Meter– and Leaf Color Chart–Based Nitrogen Management for Rice and Wheat in Northwestern India · 2002 · compared with 120 kg N ha−1 applied in three splits

    Opposite direction

  8. no effect
    Ammonium sulphate nitrate gave growth, yield and grain nitrogen results statistically at par with Super Net.

    EFFECT OF NITROGEN FERTILIZERS ON GROWTH, YIELD AND QUALITY OF HYBRID RICE (ORYZA SATIVA) · 2005 · compared with sulphur-containing nitrogen fertilizer-Super Net

    Opposite direction

2,036 papers more in this group

See all 2,045 papers →

fertilization · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results

3,455 papers: 3,183 positive, 272 negative or no effect

3,182 papers in the same direction as this claim · 207 in the opposite direction · 65 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. positive
    OF+BF increased rice tiller number by 135% compared to the control

    Integrating Biofertilizers with Organic Fertilizers Enhances Photosynthetic Efficiency and Upregulates Chlorophyll-Related Gene Expression in Rice · 2024 · compared with control

    Same directionCites this paper

  2. positive
    An increasing trend of paddy yield over 10 years was observed with INM compared with balanced chemical fertilizer.

    Effect of Long-Term Nutrient Management on Soil Organic Carbon Sequestration in Rice–Rice–Fallow Rotation · 2020 · compared with balanced chemical fertilizer

    Same directionCited by this paper

  3. positive
    CW–BF:NPK (3:1:1) produced the highest grain yield of 7521 kg/hectare.

    Optimisation of Anaerobic Digestate and Chemical Fertiliser Application to Enhance Rice Yield—A Machine-Learning Approach · 2023

    Same directionCites this paper

  4. positive
    SACRF performed better for plant growth and yield while minimizing nutrient residues.

    Shape-adjusted controlled-release fertilizer for enhancing nutrient efficiency and reducing residues in rice production · 2025

    Same directionCites this paper

  5. no effect
    Current high nitrogen practices do not significantly raise crop yields relative to optimum fertilization.

    Reducing environmental risk by improving N management in intensive Chinese agricultural systems · 2009 · compared with knowledge-based optimum N fertilization

    Opposite direction

  6. no effect
    CRFs had no effect on crop yield.

    Effect of Enhanced Efficiency Fertilizers on Nitrous Oxide Emissions and Crop Yields: A Meta‐analysis · 2016

    Opposite direction

  7. negative
    The authors found fertilizer and irrigation investment had limited effects on rice production.

    Moving toward rice self-sufficiency in sub-Saharan Africa by 2030: Lessons learned from 10 years of the Coalition for African Rice Development · 2021

    Opposite direction

  8. negative
    Green manure and rice straw nitrogen, alone or in combination with inorganic N, gave lower grain yield, agronomic efficiency and apparent nitrogen uptake than a standard split application of prilled urea.

    Long-term Comparison of the Agronomic Efficiency and Residual Benefits of Organic and Inorganic Nitrogen Sources for Tropical Lowland Rice · 1996 · compared with a standard split application of prilled urea

    Opposite direction

3,446 papers more in this group

See all 3,455 papers →

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.