Abstract
Summary. Strategies were examined for thinning 5-year-old apple trees of ‘Jonagold’ and ‘Pink Lady’ with chemical thinners. Both cultivars were left unthinned (control), hand-thinned at 20 days after full bloom (DAFB) or chemically thinned. The chemical treatments consisted of full bloom (FB) sprays of naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) at 2.5, 5 or 10 mg/L or ethephon at 25, 50 or 100 mg/L or combination treatments of 2.5, 5 or 10 mg NAA/L at FB followed by 50 mg ethephon/L at 7 DAFB. In addition 5 mg NAA/L or 50 mg ethephon/L were followed by 150 mg CyLex/L (6-benzyladenine, Abbott Laboratories) at 20 DAFB. Neither NAA, ethephon alone or NAA followed by ethephon were effective at the 2 lower concentrations. The highest level of NAA with ethephon did some thinning of ‘Pink Lady’ but overthinned ‘Jonagold’. The CyLex combination treatments were the most effective. Combining NAA and CyLex did not thin enough to increase fruit size in ‘Pink Lady’ and slightly overthinned ‘Jonagold’. The most effective treatment of ethephon and CyLex removed about half the crop load compared with the control for both cultivars. This resulted in a 29% increase in fruit weight and a 48% increase in fruit size for ‘Jonagold’. ‘Pink Lady’ increases were less, being 16% for fruit weight and 38% for fruit size. All mean fruit weight and size outcomes for the ethephon–CyLex treatment exceeded provisional targets. The ethephon–CyLex combination had important fruit quality outcomes other than fruit weight and size. Fruit soluble solids were increased by this treatment by 10% for ‘Jonagold’ and 6% for ‘Pink Lady’ and fruit firmness by 11% for ‘Jonagold’ and 5% for ‘Pink Lady’. The overall results for the ethephon–CyLex combination were most encouraging for both cultivars. Further work is required to substantiate these results.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
NAA, ethephon, and sequential NAA plus ethephon at the two lower concentrations were ineffective thinners.
- Taxon
- apples
Malus domesticat0 - Treatment
- NAAe0
- Outcome
- effectivee0
- Direction
- Neithere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Neither NAA, ethephon alone or NAA followed by ethephon were effective at the 2 lower concentrations”
t0“apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Highest dose NAA plus ethephon produced some thinning in Pink Lady.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Material
- ‘Pink Lady’e0
- Treatment
- highest level of NAA with ethephone0
- Outcome
- thinninge0
- Direction
- did some thinninge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest level of NAA with ethephon did some thinning of ‘Pink Lady’ but overthinned ‘Jonagold’”
t0“apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Highest dose NAA plus ethephon overthinned Jonagold.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Material
- ‘Jonagold’e0
- Treatment
- highest level of NAA with ethephone0
- Outcome
- overthinnede0
- Direction
- overthinnede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest level of NAA with ethephon did some thinning of ‘Pink Lady’ but overthinned ‘Jonagold’”
t0“apples”
Claim · model-written summary
CyLex combination treatments were most effective at thinning.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- CyLex combination treatmentse0
- Outcome
- most effectivee0
- Direction
- most effectivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The CyLex combination treatments were the most effective”
t0“apples”
Claim · model-written summary
NAA plus CyLex did not thin Pink Lady enough to increase fruit size.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Material
- ‘Pink Lady’e0
- Treatment
- Combining NAA and CyLexe0
- Outcome
- fruit sizee0
- Direction
- did not thin enough to increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Combining NAA and CyLex did not thin enough to increase fruit size in ‘Pink Lady’”
t0“apples”
Claim · model-written summary
NAA plus CyLex slightly overthinned Jonagold.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Material
- ‘Jonagold’e0
- Treatment
- NAA and CyLexe1
- Outcome
- overthinnede0
- Direction
- overthinnede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“slightly overthinned ‘Jonagold’”
t0“apples”
e1“Combining NAA and CyLex”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon plus CyLex halved crop load in both cultivars relative to control.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- ethephon and CyLexe0
- Outcome
- crop loade0
- Direction
- removede0
- Value
- about halfe0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The most effective treatment of ethephon and CyLex removed about half the crop load compared with the control for both cultivars”
t0“apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon plus CyLex increased Jonagold fruit weight by 29%.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Material
- ‘Jonagold’e0
- Treatment
- ethephon and CyLexe1
- Outcome
- fruit weighte0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 29%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This resulted in a 29% increase in fruit weight and a 48% increase in fruit size for ‘Jonagold’”
t0“apples”
e1“The most effective treatment of ethephon and CyLex”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon plus CyLex increased Jonagold fruit size by 48%.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Material
- ‘Jonagold’e0
- Treatment
- ethephon and CyLexe1
- Outcome
- fruit sizee0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 48%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This resulted in a 29% increase in fruit weight and a 48% increase in fruit size for ‘Jonagold’”
t0“apples”
e1“The most effective treatment of ethephon and CyLex”
Claim · model-written summary
Pink Lady fruit weight increased by 16%.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Material
- ‘Pink Lady’e0
- Treatment
- ethephon and CyLexe1
- Outcome
- fruit weighte0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 16%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“‘Pink Lady’ increases were less, being 16% for fruit weight and 38% for fruit size”
t0“apples”
e1“The most effective treatment of ethephon and CyLex”
Claim · model-written summary
Pink Lady fruit size increased by 38%.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Material
- ‘Pink Lady’e0
- Treatment
- ethephon and CyLexe1
- Outcome
- fruit sizee0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 38%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“‘Pink Lady’ increases were less, being 16% for fruit weight and 38% for fruit size”
t0“apples”
e1“The most effective treatment of ethephon and CyLex”
Claim · model-written summary
Mean fruit weight and size under ethephon–CyLex exceeded provisional targets.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- ethephon–CyLex treatmente0
- Outcome
- mean fruit weight and size outcomese0
- Direction
- exceedede0
- Comparator
- provisional targetse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All mean fruit weight and size outcomes for the ethephon–CyLex treatment exceeded provisional targets”
t0“apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon–CyLex increased Jonagold fruit soluble solids by 10%.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Material
- ‘Jonagold’e0
- Treatment
- ethephon–CyLexe1
- Outcome
- Fruit soluble solidse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 10%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fruit soluble solids were increased by this treatment by 10% for ‘Jonagold’ and 6% for ‘Pink Lady’”
t0“apples”
e1“The ethephon–CyLex combination”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon–CyLex increased Pink Lady fruit soluble solids by 6%.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Material
- ‘Pink Lady’e0
- Treatment
- ethephon–CyLexe1
- Outcome
- Fruit soluble solidse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 6%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fruit soluble solids were increased by this treatment by 10% for ‘Jonagold’ and 6% for ‘Pink Lady’”
t0“apples”
e1“The ethephon–CyLex combination”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon–CyLex increased Jonagold fruit firmness by 11%.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Material
- ‘Jonagold’e0
- Treatment
- ethephon–CyLexe1
- Outcome
- fruit firmnesse0
- Value
- 11%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fruit firmness by 11% for ‘Jonagold’ and 5% for ‘Pink Lady’”
t0“apples”
e1“The ethephon–CyLex combination”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon–CyLex increased Pink Lady fruit firmness by 5%.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Material
- ‘Pink Lady’e0
- Treatment
- ethephon–CyLexe1
- Outcome
- fruit firmnesse0
- Value
- 5%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fruit firmness by 11% for ‘Jonagold’ and 5% for ‘Pink Lady’”
t0“apples”
e1“The ethephon–CyLex combination”
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