Abstract
Aim of this work was to examine effect of boron fertilization on yield of apple trees and fruit quality. The experiment was carried out during 1994-1996 in Dąbrowice Experimental Orchard belonging to Research Institute of Pomology and Floriculture in Skiemiewice, on Š a m p i o n cultivar, grafted on M26 rootstock. Trees were planted in the autumn of 1991 at the distance 4 x 2,5 m, on sandy-loam soil. Before starting and during carrying out the study there were not visual symptoms of boron deficiency. In the experiment applied boron fertilization to the soil at the dose 2 g B per tree or three times boron sprays before or after bloom at the dose 0,67 g B per tree. Apple trees without any boron fertilization were served as a control. Results of experiment showed that only boron sprays after bloom increased fruit set and yield. There were no significant differences between treatments in fruit maturity at harvest, fruit weight losses dunng storage, apple number infected by Penicillium, Monilina and Botrytis cinerea. Boron sprays after bloom increased firmness of apples after storage and decreased sensibility to bitter pit, internal breakdown and Gloeosporium-rot. All boron treatments increased boron concentration in apples in comparison with control ones. However, the highest increase of boron concentration in apples was observed when boron sprays were done after bloom and soil boron application. Only boron sprays applied after bloom increased calcium concentration in apples.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Boron sprays after bloom increased fruit set and yield of apple trees.
- Taxon
- apple trees
Malus domesticat0 - Material
- Š a m p i o ne3
- Treatment
- boron sprays after bloome1
- Outcome
- fruit set and yielde1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Comparator
- Apple trees without any boron fertilizatione2
- Setting
- Dąbrowice Experimental Orcharde3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“only boron sprays after bloom increased fruit set and yield”
e2“Apple trees without any boron fertilization were served as a control”
e3“The experiment was carried out during 1994-1996 in Dąbrowice Experimental Orchard belonging to Research Institute of Pomology and Floriculture in Skiemiewice, on Š a m p i o n cultivar, grafted on M26 rootstock”
t0“Effect of boron fertilization of apple trees (Malus domestica Borth.) on yield and fruit quality”
Claim · model-written summary
Boron treatments showed no significant difference in fruit maturity at harvest.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Material
- Š a m p i o ne3
- Treatment
- boron fertilization to the soile5
- Outcome
- fruit maturity at harveste4
- Direction
- no significant differencese4
- Comparator
- Apple trees without any boron fertilizatione2
- Setting
- Dąbrowice Experimental Orcharde3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“There were no significant differences between treatments in fruit maturity at harvest, fruit weight losses dunng storage, apple number infected by Penicillium, Monilina and Botrytis cinerea”
e5“applied boron fertilization to the soil at the dose 2 g B per tree or three times boron sprays before or after bloom at the dose 0,67 g B per tree”
e2“Apple trees without any boron fertilization were served as a control”
e3“The experiment was carried out during 1994-1996 in Dąbrowice Experimental Orchard belonging to Research Institute of Pomology and Floriculture in Skiemiewice, on Š a m p i o n cultivar, grafted on M26 rootstock”
t0“Effect of boron fertilization of apple trees (Malus domestica Borth.) on yield and fruit quality”
Claim · model-written summary
Boron treatments showed no significant difference in fruit weight losses during storage.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Material
- Š a m p i o ne3
- Treatment
- boron fertilization to the soile5
- Outcome
- fruit weight lossese4
- Direction
- no significant differencese4
- Qualifier
- dunng storagee4
- Comparator
- Apple trees without any boron fertilizatione2
- Setting
- Dąbrowice Experimental Orcharde3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“There were no significant differences between treatments in fruit maturity at harvest, fruit weight losses dunng storage, apple number infected by Penicillium, Monilina and Botrytis cinerea”
e5“applied boron fertilization to the soil at the dose 2 g B per tree or three times boron sprays before or after bloom at the dose 0,67 g B per tree”
e2“Apple trees without any boron fertilization were served as a control”
e3“The experiment was carried out during 1994-1996 in Dąbrowice Experimental Orchard belonging to Research Institute of Pomology and Floriculture in Skiemiewice, on Š a m p i o n cultivar, grafted on M26 rootstock”
t0“Effect of boron fertilization of apple trees (Malus domestica Borth.) on yield and fruit quality”
Claim · model-written summary
Boron treatments showed no significant difference in apple infection by Penicillium.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Material
- Š a m p i o ne3
- Treatment
- boron fertilization to the soile5
- Interactor
- Penicillium
Penicilliume4pathogen - Outcome
- apple number infectede4
- Direction
- no significant differencese4
- Comparator
- Apple trees without any boron fertilizatione2
- Setting
- Dąbrowice Experimental Orcharde3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“There were no significant differences between treatments in fruit maturity at harvest, fruit weight losses dunng storage, apple number infected by Penicillium, Monilina and Botrytis cinerea”
e5“applied boron fertilization to the soil at the dose 2 g B per tree or three times boron sprays before or after bloom at the dose 0,67 g B per tree”
e2“Apple trees without any boron fertilization were served as a control”
e3“The experiment was carried out during 1994-1996 in Dąbrowice Experimental Orchard belonging to Research Institute of Pomology and Floriculture in Skiemiewice, on Š a m p i o n cultivar, grafted on M26 rootstock”
t0“Effect of boron fertilization of apple trees (Malus domestica Borth.) on yield and fruit quality”
Claim · model-written summary
Boron treatments showed no significant difference in apple infection by Monilina.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Material
- Š a m p i o ne3
- Treatment
- boron fertilization to the soile5
- Interactor
- Monilinae4pathogen
- Outcome
- apple number infectede4
- Direction
- no significant differencese4
- Comparator
- Apple trees without any boron fertilizatione2
- Setting
- Dąbrowice Experimental Orcharde3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“There were no significant differences between treatments in fruit maturity at harvest, fruit weight losses dunng storage, apple number infected by Penicillium, Monilina and Botrytis cinerea”
e5“applied boron fertilization to the soil at the dose 2 g B per tree or three times boron sprays before or after bloom at the dose 0,67 g B per tree”
e2“Apple trees without any boron fertilization were served as a control”
e3“The experiment was carried out during 1994-1996 in Dąbrowice Experimental Orchard belonging to Research Institute of Pomology and Floriculture in Skiemiewice, on Š a m p i o n cultivar, grafted on M26 rootstock”
t0“Effect of boron fertilization of apple trees (Malus domestica Borth.) on yield and fruit quality”
Claim · model-written summary
Boron treatments showed no significant difference in apple infection by Botrytis cinerea.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Material
- Š a m p i o ne3
- Treatment
- boron fertilization to the soile5
- Interactor
- Botrytis cinerea
Botrytis cinereae4pathogen - Outcome
- apple number infectede4
- Direction
- no significant differencese4
- Comparator
- Apple trees without any boron fertilizatione2
- Setting
- Dąbrowice Experimental Orcharde3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“There were no significant differences between treatments in fruit maturity at harvest, fruit weight losses dunng storage, apple number infected by Penicillium, Monilina and Botrytis cinerea”
e5“applied boron fertilization to the soil at the dose 2 g B per tree or three times boron sprays before or after bloom at the dose 0,67 g B per tree”
e2“Apple trees without any boron fertilization were served as a control”
e3“The experiment was carried out during 1994-1996 in Dąbrowice Experimental Orchard belonging to Research Institute of Pomology and Floriculture in Skiemiewice, on Š a m p i o n cultivar, grafted on M26 rootstock”
t0“Effect of boron fertilization of apple trees (Malus domestica Borth.) on yield and fruit quality”
Claim · model-written summary
Boron sprays after bloom increased firmness of apples after storage.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Material
- Š a m p i o ne3
- Treatment
- Boron sprays after bloome6
- Outcome
- firmness of apples after storagee6
- Direction
- increasede6
- Comparator
- Apple trees without any boron fertilizatione2
- Setting
- Dąbrowice Experimental Orcharde3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Boron sprays after bloom increased firmness of apples after storage”
e2“Apple trees without any boron fertilization were served as a control”
e3“The experiment was carried out during 1994-1996 in Dąbrowice Experimental Orchard belonging to Research Institute of Pomology and Floriculture in Skiemiewice, on Š a m p i o n cultivar, grafted on M26 rootstock”
t0“Effect of boron fertilization of apple trees (Malus domestica Borth.) on yield and fruit quality”
Claim · model-written summary
Boron sprays after bloom decreased sensitivity to bitter pit and internal breakdown of apples.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Material
- Š a m p i o ne3
- Treatment
- Boron sprays after bloome6
- Outcome
- sensibility to bitter pit, internal breakdowne7
- Direction
- decreasede7
- Comparator
- Apple trees without any boron fertilizatione2
- Setting
- Dąbrowice Experimental Orcharde3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Boron sprays after bloom increased firmness of apples after storage”
e7“decreased sensibility to bitter pit, internal breakdown and Gloeosporium-rot”
e2“Apple trees without any boron fertilization were served as a control”
e3“The experiment was carried out during 1994-1996 in Dąbrowice Experimental Orchard belonging to Research Institute of Pomology and Floriculture in Skiemiewice, on Š a m p i o n cultivar, grafted on M26 rootstock”
t0“Effect of boron fertilization of apple trees (Malus domestica Borth.) on yield and fruit quality”
Claim · model-written summary
Boron sprays after bloom decreased sensitivity to Gloeosporium rot of apples.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Material
- Š a m p i o ne3
- Treatment
- Boron sprays after bloome6
- Interactor
- Gloeosporium
Gloeosporiume7pathogen - Outcome
- Gloeosporium-rote7
- Direction
- decreasede7
- Comparator
- Apple trees without any boron fertilizatione2
- Setting
- Dąbrowice Experimental Orcharde3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Boron sprays after bloom increased firmness of apples after storage”
e7“decreased sensibility to bitter pit, internal breakdown and Gloeosporium-rot”
e2“Apple trees without any boron fertilization were served as a control”
e3“The experiment was carried out during 1994-1996 in Dąbrowice Experimental Orchard belonging to Research Institute of Pomology and Floriculture in Skiemiewice, on Š a m p i o n cultivar, grafted on M26 rootstock”
t0“Effect of boron fertilization of apple trees (Malus domestica Borth.) on yield and fruit quality”
Claim · model-written summary
All boron treatments increased boron concentration in apples compared with controls.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- All boron treatmentse0
- Outcome
- boron concentration in applese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- control onese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All boron treatments increased boron concentration in apples in comparison with control ones”
t0“Effect of boron fertilization of apple trees (Malus domestica Borth.) on yield and fruit quality”
Claim · model-written summary
Boron sprays after bloom combined with soil boron application gave the highest increase in apple boron concentration.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- boron sprays were done after bloom and soil boron applicatione1
- Outcome
- boron concentration in applese1
- Direction
- highest increasee1
- Comparator
- All boron treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All boron treatments increased boron concentration in apples in comparison with control ones”
e1“the highest increase of boron concentration in apples was observed when boron sprays were done after bloom and soil boron application”
t0“Effect of boron fertilization of apple trees (Malus domestica Borth.) on yield and fruit quality”
Claim · model-written summary
Boron sprays applied after bloom increased calcium concentration in apples.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- boron sprays applied after bloome0
- Outcome
- calcium concentration in applese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Only boron sprays applied after bloom increased calcium concentration in apples”
t0“Effect of boron fertilization of apple trees (Malus domestica Borth.) on yield and fruit quality”
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