Abstract
Canopy management and ethephon application (100 mg·liter -1 2 weeks after veraison) were investigated for 2 years as possible ways to improve color and overall quality of `Reliance' grapes ( Vitis spp.). Canopy management consisted of leaf removal, shoot positioning, and cluster thinning. Grapevines were subjected to one of two levels of leaf removal and one of two levels of preharvest ethephon spray and were either thinned to a basal cluster or nonthinned. Thinning and ethephon advanced harvest dates by 5 to 8 days and 2 to 3 days, respectively. In 1989, berry weight was increased by thinning but was not affected by leaf removal or ethephon. Leaf removal (direct sun exposure) of thinned and nonthinned treatments increased “L” values (lighter colored fruit) in 1989. In 1990, leaf removal, ethephon, and thinning resulted in higher “L” values. The “a” values were significantly increased by leaf removal in 1989 and 1990 and by thinning in 1989, a result indicating increased skin redness. Exposed clusters of nonthinned treatments had significantly higher “b” values due to more yellow fruit in 1989 than in 1990. Ethephon increased “b” values in thinned and nonthinned treatments. In 1990, leaf removal increased “b” values. Thinning resulted in more evenly colored, redder fruit. Leaf removal caused a lightening and yellowing of the skin. Juice from leaf removal treatments in 1990 had significantly higher “L”, “a”, and “b” values. Ethephon significantly increased the “a” value of juice in 1989, and leaf removal significantly increased the “b” value in 1989. The percent soluble solids of juice was generally decreased by ethephon and increased by leaf removal and thinning. Titratable acidity was decreased by leaf removal and ethephon and increased by thinning in both years. Leaf removal decreased berry pH in 1990. Thinning increased coloration, and direct exposure to light decreased coloration. The results with ethephon were not conclusive. Chemical name used: 2-chloro-ethyl-phosphonic acid (ethephon).
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Thinning advanced grape harvest by 5 to 8 days.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Thinning and ethephon advanced harvest dates by 5 to 8 days and 2 to 3 days, respectively”
t0“`Reliance' grapes”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon advanced grape harvest by 2 to 3 days.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Thinning and ethephon advanced harvest dates by 5 to 8 days and 2 to 3 days, respectively”
t0“`Reliance' grapes”
Claim · model-written summary
Thinning increased berry weight in 1989.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“In 1989, berry weight was increased by thinning”
t0“`Reliance' grapes”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf removal did not affect berry weight in 1989.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“In 1989, berry weight was increased by thinning but was not affected by leaf removal or ethephon”
t0“`Reliance' grapes”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon did not affect berry weight in 1989.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“In 1989, berry weight was increased by thinning but was not affected by leaf removal or ethephon”
t0“`Reliance' grapes”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf removal increased fruit L values in 1989.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Leaf removal (direct sun exposure) of thinned and nonthinned treatments increased “L” values (lighter colored fruit) in 1989”
t0“`Reliance' grapes”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf removal, ethephon and thinning each increased fruit L values in 1990.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“In 1990, leaf removal, ethephon, and thinning resulted in higher “L” values”
t0“`Reliance' grapes”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf removal increased fruit a values in both years.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The “a” values were significantly increased by leaf removal in 1989 and 1990”
t0“`Reliance' grapes”
Claim · model-written summary
Thinning increased fruit a values in 1989.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The “a” values were significantly increased by leaf removal in 1989 and 1990 and by thinning in 1989”
t0“`Reliance' grapes”
Claim · model-written summary
Exposed nonthinned clusters had higher b values in 1989 than 1990.
Verbatim
e0“Exposed clusters of nonthinned treatments had significantly higher “b” values due to more yellow fruit in 1989 than in 1990”
t0“`Reliance' grapes”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon increased b values in thinned and nonthinned treatments.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Ethephon increased “b” values in thinned and nonthinned treatments”
t0“`Reliance' grapes”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf removal increased b values in 1990.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“In 1990, leaf removal increased “b” values”
t0“`Reliance' grapes”
Claim · model-written summary
Thinning produced more evenly colored, redder fruit.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“Thinning resulted in more evenly colored, redder fruit”
t0“`Reliance' grapes”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf removal made fruit skin lighter and yellower.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“Leaf removal caused a lightening and yellowing of the skin”
t0“`Reliance' grapes”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf removal raised juice L, a and b values in 1990.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Juice from leaf removal treatments in 1990 had significantly higher “L”, “a”, and “b” values”
t0“`Reliance' grapes”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon raised juice a value in 1989.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Ethephon significantly increased the “a” value of juice in 1989”
t0“`Reliance' grapes”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf removal raised juice b value in 1989.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“leaf removal significantly increased the “b” value in 1989”
t0“`Reliance' grapes”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon generally reduced juice soluble solids.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The percent soluble solids of juice was generally decreased by ethephon”
t0“`Reliance' grapes”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf removal and thinning increased juice soluble solids.
- Taxon
- grapest0
- Treatment
- leaf removal and thinninge0
- Outcome
- percent soluble solids of juicee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The percent soluble solids of juice was generally decreased by ethephon and increased by leaf removal and thinning”
t0“`Reliance' grapes”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf removal and ethephon reduced acidity, whereas thinning raised it.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“Titratable acidity was decreased by leaf removal and ethephon and increased by thinning in both years”
t0“`Reliance' grapes”
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See all 107 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.