Abstract
High temperature has been implicated as the major factor responsible for dwarfing of selected apple ( Malus domestica Borkh.) trees of a hybrid population of cv. Goldspur Delicious x cv. Redspur Delicious. Dwarf plants grew only 2.2 cm in 63 days under a ramped temperature regime (night 15°C, day ramped up to 38°C, held for 2 h and ramped down to 15°C—14 h daylength), whereas semi‐dwarf plants grew 26.3 cm. At a constant 27°C (14 h daylength), both dwarf and semi‐dwarf plants grew 26.3 cm. At a constant 27°C (14 h daylength), both dwarf and semi‐dwarf plants grew nearly 50 cm. The gibberellin biosynthesis inhibitor, paclobutrazol, retarded growth of semi‐dwarf plants in both ramped and constant environments and dwarf plants in the constant 27°C environment. It did not further reduce the size of dwarf plants growing under the ramped regime. Gibberellin (GA 3 ) treatment reversed the inhibition of growth caused by paclobutrazol for all plants except it did not restore growth of dwarf plants in the ramped environment. These data suggest that neither pacobutrazoltreated nor untreated dwarf plants growing in the ramped environment (or in the orchard during hot summer months) are able to respond to GA 3 . In constrast, GA 3 was utilized by the paclobutrazol‐inhibited dwarf plants growing at constant 27°C, enabling shoot elongation to take place. It appears that high temperature may have caused alterations in GA target tissues in dwarf plants so that they no longer had the capacity to respond to GA.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Under ramped temperature, dwarf plants grew 2.2 cm in 63 days.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticat0 - Outcome
- Dwarf plants grewe0
- Value
- 2.2 cm in 63 dayse0
- Setting
- ramped temperature regimee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Dwarf plants grew only 2.2 cm in 63 days under a ramped temperature regime”
t0“apple plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Under ramped temperature, semi-dwarf plants grew 26.3 cm.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- semi‐dwarf plants grewe0
- Value
- 26.3 cme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“whereas semi‐dwarf plants grew 26.3 cm.”
t0“apple plants”
Claim · model-written summary
At constant 27°C, both dwarf and semi-dwarf plants grew nearly 50 cm.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- both dwarf and semi‐dwarf plants grewe0
- Value
- nearly 50 cme0
- Setting
- constant 27°Ce0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At a constant 27°C (14 h daylength), both dwarf and semi‐dwarf plants grew nearly 50 cm.”
t0“apple plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Paclobutrazol retarded semi-dwarf growth in both temperature regimes.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- paclobutrazole0
- Outcome
- growth of semi‐dwarf plantse0
- Direction
- retardede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“paclobutrazol, retarded growth of semi‐dwarf plants in both ramped and constant environments”
t0“apple plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Paclobutrazol retarded dwarf growth at constant 27°C.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- paclobutrazole0
- Outcome
- dwarf plantse0
- Direction
- retardede0
- Setting
- constant 27°C environmente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“paclobutrazol, retarded growth of semi‐dwarf plants in both ramped and constant environments and dwarf plants in the constant 27°C environment.”
t0“apple plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Paclobutrazol did not further reduce dwarf size under ramped temperature.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- paclobutrazole0
- Outcome
- size of dwarf plantse0
- Direction
- did not further reducee0
- Setting
- ramped regimee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“paclobutrazol, retarded growth of semi‐dwarf plants in both ramped and constant environments and dwarf plants in the constant 27°C environment. It did not further reduce the size of dwarf plants growing under the ramped regime.”
t0“apple plants”
Claim · model-written summary
GA3 reversed paclobutrazol growth inhibition except for ramped-temperature dwarf plants.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Gibberellin (GA 3 ) treatmente0
- Outcome
- inhibition of growthe0
- Direction
- reversede0
- Qualifier
- except it did not restore growth of dwarf plants in the ramped environmente0
- Comparator
- paclobutrazole0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gibberellin (GA 3 ) treatment reversed the inhibition of growth caused by paclobutrazol for all plants except it did not restore growth of dwarf plants in the ramped environment.”
t0“apple plants”
Claim · model-written summary
High temperature may alter GA target tissues so dwarf plants no longer respond to GA.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- capacity to respond to GAe0
- Qualifier
- alterations in GA target tissuese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“high temperature may have caused alterations in GA target tissues in dwarf plants so that they no longer had the capacity to respond to GA.”
t0“apple plants”
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