Abstract
Glyphosate-resistant corn and soybean are grown in rotations in the Midwest, including Nebraska. Volunteer corn is a problematic weed in soybean fields because it causes harvest problems, reduces yield and seed quality, and potentially harbors insects, pests, and diseases. Several pre-packaged herbicides have been registered in soybean in recent years, but response of volunteer corn to these herbicides has not yet been documented. Greenhouse experiments were conducted to evaluate the response of glufosinate-, glyphosate-, and imidazolinone-resistant volunteer corn to 20 pre-emergence (PRE) and 17 post-emergence (POST) soybean herbicides. Cumulative emergence of volunteer corn was not affected by PRE soybean herbicides compared with the nontreated control regardless of herbicide-resistant trait at 21 days after treatment (DAT). Although comparable with several other treatments, clomazone provided ? 90% control of glufosinate- and imidazolinone-resistant volunteer corn at 21 DAT. The POST soybean herbicides were applied when volunteer corn plants were at the 2 to 3 or 5 to 6 leaf stage. The ACCase-inhibiting herbicides, including clethodim, fenoxaprop plus fluazifop, fluazifop, quizalofop, and sethoxydim, provided ? 96 and ? 85% control of the 2 to 3 or 5 to 6 leaf stage volunteer corn, respectively, regardless of the herbicide-resistance trait at 28 DAT. Glyphosate tank mixed with acifluorfen, chlorimuron-ethyl, or imidazolinones usually provided > 83% control of glufosinate-and imidazolinone-resistant volunteer corn when sprayed at the 2 to 3 leaf stage at 28 DAT, but control was ? 71% for the 5 to 6 leaf stage volunteer corn. Similar results were usually reflected in volunteer corn biomass. It is concluded that PRE soybean herbicides partially controlled volunteer corn; therefore, ACCase inhibiting herbicides are the only highly effective option for soybean growers.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Pre-emergence soybean herbicides did not affect cumulative volunteer corn emergence at 21 DAT relative to an untreated control.
- Taxon
- Soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- PRE soybean herbicidese0
- Interactor
- volunteer corne0weed
- Outcome
- Cumulative emergence of volunteer corne0
- Direction
- not affectede0
- Qualifier
- 21 days after treatment (DAT)e0
- Comparator
- nontreated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cumulative emergence of volunteer corn was not affected by PRE soybean herbicides compared with the nontreated control regardless of herbicide-resistant trait at 21 days after treatment (DAT).”
t0“Soybean Herbicides for Control of Glufosinate-, Glyphosate-, and Imidazolinone-Resistant Volunteer Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Clomazone achieved at least 90% control of glufosinate-resistant volunteer corn at 21 DAT.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- clomazonee0
- Interactor
- volunteer corne0weed
- Outcome
- control of glufosinate-e0
- Direction
- controle0
- Value
- 90%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“clomazone provided ? 90% control of glufosinate- and imidazolinone-resistant volunteer corn at 21 DAT”
t0“Soybean Herbicides for Control of Glufosinate-, Glyphosate-, and Imidazolinone-Resistant Volunteer Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Clomazone achieved at least 90% control of imidazolinone-resistant volunteer corn at 21 DAT.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- clomazonee0
- Interactor
- volunteer corne0weed
- Outcome
- imidazolinone-resistant volunteer corne0
- Direction
- controle0
- Value
- 90%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“clomazone provided ? 90% control of glufosinate- and imidazolinone-resistant volunteer corn at 21 DAT”
t0“Soybean Herbicides for Control of Glufosinate-, Glyphosate-, and Imidazolinone-Resistant Volunteer Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
ACCase-inhibiting herbicides controlled at least 96% of volunteer corn at the 2 to 3 leaf stage at 28 DAT.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- 2 to 3e0
- Treatment
- ACCase-inhibiting herbicidese0
- Interactor
- volunteer corne0weed
- Outcome
- control of the 2 to 3e0
- Direction
- controle0
- Value
- 96e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The ACCase-inhibiting herbicides, including clethodim, fenoxaprop plus fluazifop, fluazifop, quizalofop, and sethoxydim, provided ? 96 and ? 85% control of the 2 to 3 or 5 to 6 leaf stage volunteer corn, respectively, regardless of the herbicide-resistance trait at 28 DAT.”
t0“Soybean Herbicides for Control of Glufosinate-, Glyphosate-, and Imidazolinone-Resistant Volunteer Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
ACCase-inhibiting herbicides controlled at least 85% of volunteer corn at the 5 to 6 leaf stage at 28 DAT.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- 5 to 6 leaf stagee0
- Treatment
- ACCase-inhibiting herbicidese0
- Interactor
- volunteer corne0weed
- Outcome
- control of the 2 to 3 or 5 to 6 leaf stage volunteer corne0
- Direction
- controle0
- Value
- 85%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The ACCase-inhibiting herbicides, including clethodim, fenoxaprop plus fluazifop, fluazifop, quizalofop, and sethoxydim, provided ? 96 and ? 85% control of the 2 to 3 or 5 to 6 leaf stage volunteer corn, respectively, regardless of the herbicide-resistance trait at 28 DAT.”
t0“Soybean Herbicides for Control of Glufosinate-, Glyphosate-, and Imidazolinone-Resistant Volunteer Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate tank mixes usually controlled more than 83% of glufosinate-resistant volunteer corn at the 2 to 3 leaf stage.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- 2 to 3 leaf stagee0
- Treatment
- Glyphosate tank mixed with acifluorfen, chlorimuron-ethyl, or imidazolinonese0
- Interactor
- volunteer corne0weed
- Outcome
- control of glufosinate-e0
- Direction
- controle0
- Value
- 83%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Glyphosate tank mixed with acifluorfen, chlorimuron-ethyl, or imidazolinones usually provided > 83% control of glufosinate-and imidazolinone-resistant volunteer corn when sprayed at the 2 to 3 leaf stage at 28 DAT”
t0“Soybean Herbicides for Control of Glufosinate-, Glyphosate-, and Imidazolinone-Resistant Volunteer Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate tank mixes usually controlled more than 83% of imidazolinone-resistant volunteer corn at the 2 to 3 leaf stage.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- 2 to 3 leaf stagee0
- Treatment
- Glyphosate tank mixed with acifluorfen, chlorimuron-ethyl, or imidazolinonese0
- Interactor
- volunteer corne0weed
- Outcome
- imidazolinone-resistant volunteer corne0
- Direction
- controle0
- Value
- 83%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Glyphosate tank mixed with acifluorfen, chlorimuron-ethyl, or imidazolinones usually provided > 83% control of glufosinate-and imidazolinone-resistant volunteer corn when sprayed at the 2 to 3 leaf stage at 28 DAT”
t0“Soybean Herbicides for Control of Glufosinate-, Glyphosate-, and Imidazolinone-Resistant Volunteer Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate tank mix control was at most 71% for volunteer corn at the 5 to 6 leaf stage.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- 5 to 6 leaf stagee0
- Treatment
- Glyphosate tank mixed with acifluorfen, chlorimuron-ethyl, or imidazolinonese0
- Interactor
- volunteer corne0weed
- Outcome
- controle0
- Direction
- controle0
- Value
- 71%e0
- Comparator
- 2 to 3 leaf stagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Glyphosate tank mixed with acifluorfen, chlorimuron-ethyl, or imidazolinones usually provided > 83% control of glufosinate-and imidazolinone-resistant volunteer corn when sprayed at the 2 to 3 leaf stage at 28 DAT, but control was ? 71% for the 5 to 6 leaf stage volunteer corn.”
t0“Soybean Herbicides for Control of Glufosinate-, Glyphosate-, and Imidazolinone-Resistant Volunteer Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Volunteer corn biomass usually reflected herbicide control results.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Interactor
- volunteer corne0weed
- Outcome
- volunteer corn biomasse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Similar results were usually reflected in volunteer corn biomass.”
t0“Soybean Herbicides for Control of Glufosinate-, Glyphosate-, and Imidazolinone-Resistant Volunteer Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that pre-emergence herbicides partially control volunteer corn.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- PRE soybean herbicidese0
- Interactor
- volunteer corne0weed
- Outcome
- partially controlled volunteer corne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It is concluded that PRE soybean herbicides partially controlled volunteer corn”
t0“Soybean Herbicides for Control of Glufosinate-, Glyphosate-, and Imidazolinone-Resistant Volunteer Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors identify ACCase-inhibiting herbicides as the only highly effective option for soybean growers.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- ACCase inhibiting herbicidese0
- Outcome
- only highly effective option for soybean growerse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ACCase inhibiting herbicides are the only highly effective option for soybean growers”
t0“Soybean Herbicides for Control of Glufosinate-, Glyphosate-, and Imidazolinone-Resistant Volunteer Corn”
The same questions in other papers
clomazone · organism · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
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acifluorfen · organism · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
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acifluorfen · control · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
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- positive
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See all 76 papers →chlorimuron-ethyl · control · Glycine max (soybean)Results agree
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clomazone · control · Glycine max (soybean)Results agree
5 papers in the same direction as this paper
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See all 122 papers →8 of 9 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.