Abstract
The efects of exogenous salicylic acid(SA) on inducing the chilling tolerance of tomato seedlings(Solanum lycopersicum) was investigated and the results showed that SA mainly existed in conjugated form in tomato leaves under normal conditions.Under chilling conditions,tomato leaves contained relatively high SA levels,which should be attributed to the large accumulation of free SA.After foliar application of diferent concentrations of SA for 24 h,both free SA and conjugated SA largely accumulated,and the accumulation magnitude was positively correlated with the concentration of SA applied.Although the antioxidant capacity of tomato leaves was substantially enhanced under chilling conditions,the oxidative injury caused by low temperature was not alleviated.Among all the SA concentrations tested,0.5 mmol/L SA pretreatment was found to be able to alleviate oxidative injury caused by low temperature.After pretreatment with 0.5 mmol/L SA for 24 h,both the value of electrolyte leakage and the concentration of MDA decreased significantly,while the concentration of H2 O2 and the activities of CAT,POD,APX,GR increased remarkably in tomato leaves.Furthermore,c(AsA)/c(DHA) and c(GSH)/c(GSSG) remained stable when the seedlings were exposed to chilling conditions.Therefore,it was speculated that pretreatment with exogenous SA could enhance the endogenous SA level to some extent,which subsequently induced the accumulation of H2 O2.Then,the up-regulated antioxidant capacity of plant cell triggered by H2 O2 accumulation would be helpful in maintaining cellular redox balance under chilling conditions.Hence,SA pre-treatment could alleviate the oxidative damage caused by low temperature and enhance the chilling tolerance of tomato plants.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Under normal conditions SA mainly occurred in conjugated form.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Outcome
- SA mainly existed in conjugated forme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SA mainly existed in conjugated form in tomato leaves under normal conditions.”
Claim · model-written summary
Under chilling, tomato leaves had high SA levels.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Outcome
- SA levelse0
- Direction
- relatively highe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under chilling conditions,tomato leaves contained relatively high SA levels,which should be attributed to the large accumulation of free SA.”
Claim · model-written summary
Free SA accumulated after foliar SA treatment.
- Treatment
- foliar application of diferent concentrations of SAe0
- Outcome
- free SAe0
- Direction
- largely accumulatede0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“After foliar application of diferent concentrations of SA for 24 h,both free SA and conjugated SA largely accumulated,and the accumulation magnitude was positively correlated with the concentration of SA applied.”
Claim · model-written summary
Conjugated SA accumulated after foliar SA treatment.
- Treatment
- foliar application of diferent concentrations of SAe0
- Outcome
- conjugated SAe0
- Direction
- largely accumulatede0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“After foliar application of diferent concentrations of SA for 24 h,both free SA and conjugated SA largely accumulated,and the accumulation magnitude was positively correlated with the concentration of SA applied.”
Claim · model-written summary
SA accumulation magnitude increased with applied SA concentration.
- Treatment
- concentration of SA appliede0
- Outcome
- accumulation magnitudee0
- Direction
- positively correlatede0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“the accumulation magnitude was positively correlated with the concentration of SA applied.”
Claim · model-written summary
Chilling enhanced antioxidant capacity but did not alleviate oxidative injury.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Outcome
- antioxidant capacity of tomato leavese0
- Direction
- substantially enhancede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Although the antioxidant capacity of tomato leaves was substantially enhanced under chilling conditions,the oxidative injury caused by low temperature was not alleviated.”
Claim · model-written summary
Chilling oxidative injury was not alleviated despite higher antioxidant capacity.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Outcome
- oxidative injurye0
- Direction
- not alleviatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Although the antioxidant capacity of tomato leaves was substantially enhanced under chilling conditions,the oxidative injury caused by low temperature was not alleviated.”
Claim · model-written summary
A 0.5 mmol/L SA pretreatment alleviated chilling oxidative injury.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- 0.5 mmol/L SA pretreatmente0
- Outcome
- oxidative injurye0
- Direction
- alleviatee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“0.5 mmol/L SA pretreatment was found to be able to alleviate oxidative injury caused by low temperature.”
e1“antioxidant capacity of tomato leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
SA pretreatment decreased electrolyte leakage in tomato leaves.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- pretreatment with 0.5 mmol/L SA for 24 he0
- Outcome
- electrolyte leakagee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After pretreatment with 0.5 mmol/L SA for 24 h,both the value of electrolyte leakage and the concentration of MDA decreased significantly, while the concentration of H2 O2 and the activities of CAT,POD,APX,GR increased remarkably in tomato leaves.”
Claim · model-written summary
SA pretreatment decreased MDA in tomato leaves.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- pretreatment with 0.5 mmol/L SA for 24 he0
- Outcome
- MDAe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After pretreatment with 0.5 mmol/L SA for 24 h,both the value of electrolyte leakage and the concentration of MDA decreased significantly, while the concentration of H2 O2 and the activities of CAT,POD,APX,GR increased remarkably in tomato leaves.”
Claim · model-written summary
SA pretreatment increased H2 O2 in tomato leaves.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- pretreatment with 0.5 mmol/L SA for 24 he0
- Outcome
- H2 O2e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After pretreatment with 0.5 mmol/L SA for 24 h,both the value of electrolyte leakage and the concentration of MDA decreased significantly, while the concentration of H2 O2 and the activities of CAT,POD,APX,GR increased remarkably in tomato leaves.”
Claim · model-written summary
SA pretreatment increased CAT in tomato leaves.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- pretreatment with 0.5 mmol/L SA for 24 he0
- Outcome
- CATe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After pretreatment with 0.5 mmol/L SA for 24 h,both the value of electrolyte leakage and the concentration of MDA decreased significantly, while the concentration of H2 O2 and the activities of CAT,POD,APX,GR increased remarkably in tomato leaves.”
Claim · model-written summary
SA pretreatment increased POD in tomato leaves.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- pretreatment with 0.5 mmol/L SA for 24 he0
- Outcome
- PODe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After pretreatment with 0.5 mmol/L SA for 24 h,both the value of electrolyte leakage and the concentration of MDA decreased significantly, while the concentration of H2 O2 and the activities of CAT,POD,APX,GR increased remarkably in tomato leaves.”
Claim · model-written summary
SA pretreatment increased APX in tomato leaves.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- pretreatment with 0.5 mmol/L SA for 24 he0
- Outcome
- APXe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After pretreatment with 0.5 mmol/L SA for 24 h,both the value of electrolyte leakage and the concentration of MDA decreased significantly, while the concentration of H2 O2 and the activities of CAT,POD,APX,GR increased remarkably in tomato leaves.”
Claim · model-written summary
SA pretreatment increased GR in tomato leaves.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- pretreatment with 0.5 mmol/L SA for 24 he0
- Outcome
- GRe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After pretreatment with 0.5 mmol/L SA for 24 h,both the value of electrolyte leakage and the concentration of MDA decreased significantly, while the concentration of H2 O2 and the activities of CAT,POD,APX,GR increased remarkably in tomato leaves.”
Claim · model-written summary
Ascorbate and glutathione redox ratios remained stable under chilling after SA pretreatment.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Outcome
- c(AsA)/c(DHA) and c(GSH)/c(GSSG)e0
- Direction
- remained stablee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“c(AsA)/c(DHA) and c(GSH)/c(GSSG) remained stable when the seedlings were exposed to chilling conditions.”
e1“tomato seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors speculate that exogenous SA raises endogenous SA, which induces H2 O2 accumulation and antioxidant capacity.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- pretreatment with exogenous SAe0
- Compound
- H2 O2e0
- Outcome
- up-regulated antioxidant capacitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pretreatment with exogenous SA could enhance the endogenous SA level to some extent,which subsequently induced the accumulation of H2 O2.Then,the up-regulated antioxidant capacity of plant cell triggered by H2 O2 accumulation”
e1“tomato plants”
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