Abstract
Three polyamine biosynthesis inhibitors, α-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), α-difluoromethylarginine (DFMA), and α-methylornithine (MeOrn), alone and in combination with CaCl 2 , were tested for their ability to reduce in vitro growth and soft rot development in apple ( Malus domestica Borkh.) fruit caused by Botrytis cinerea Pers.:Fr. and Penicillium expansum Link. All three inhibitors reduced the in vitro growth of the pathogens. Calcium had no effect on fungal growth in vitro. Pressure infiltration of millimolar concentrations of DFMO or DFMA or 25 g·L -1 CaCl 2 solutions into apples reduced subsequent soft rot development by B. cinerea and P. expansum >40%. A combination treatment of Ca and DFMO or DFMA reduced decay >67%. Treatment of apples with MeOrn was less effective at inhibiting decay development. None of the inhibitors affected polyamine levels in apple cortical tissues. Some injury to the fruit surface was observed with Ca treatments. Fruit treated with Ca and any of the inhibitors were less firm than those treated with Ca alone. Specific polyamine biosynthesis inhibitors in combination with Ca may prove useful in reducing postharvest decay in apples.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
All three polyamine biosynthesis inhibitors reduced the in vitro growth of Botrytis cinerea and Penicillium expansum.
- Treatment
- All three inhibitorse0
- Interactor
- pathogense0pathogen
- Outcome
- in vitro growth of the pathogense0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“All three inhibitors reduced the in vitro growth of the pathogens”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium had no effect on the in vitro growth of the fungal pathogens.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Calcium had no effect on fungal growth in vitro”
Claim · model-written summary
Pressure infiltration of millimolar concentrations of DFMO or DFMA into apples reduced subsequent soft rot development by B. cinerea and P. expansum by more than 40%.
- Taxon
- apples
Malus domesticae0 - Treatment
- Pressure infiltration of millimolar concentrations of DFMO or DFMAe0
- Interactor
- B. cinerea
Botrytis cinereae0pathogen - Second interactor
- P. expansum
Penicillium expansume0pathogen - Outcome
- soft rot developmente0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- >40%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pressure infiltration of millimolar concentrations of DFMO or DFMA or 25 g·L -1 CaCl 2 solutions into apples reduced subsequent soft rot development by B. cinerea and P. expansum >40%”
Claim · model-written summary
Pressure infiltration of 25 g/L CaCl2 solution into apples reduced subsequent soft rot development by B. cinerea and P. expansum by more than 40%.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- 25 g·L -1 CaCl 2 solutionse0
- Interactor
- B. cinereaBotrytis cinereae0pathogen
- Second interactor
- P. expansumPenicillium expansume0pathogen
- Outcome
- soft rot developmente0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- >40%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pressure infiltration of millimolar concentrations of DFMO or DFMA or 25 g·L -1 CaCl 2 solutions into apples reduced subsequent soft rot development by B. cinerea and P. expansum >40%”
Claim · model-written summary
A combination treatment of Ca and DFMO or DFMA reduced decay in apples by more than 67%.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- combination treatment of Ca and DFMO or DFMAe0
- Outcome
- decaye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- >67%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apples”
e0“A combination treatment of Ca and DFMO or DFMA reduced decay >67%”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatment of apples with MeOrn was less effective at inhibiting decay development.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- MeOrne0
- Outcome
- decay developmente0
- Direction
- less effectivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatment of apples with MeOrn was less effective at inhibiting decay development”
Claim · model-written summary
None of the inhibitors changed polyamine levels in apple cortical tissues.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Organ / stage
- cortical tissuese0
- Treatment
- the inhibitorse0
- Outcome
- polyamine levelse0
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“None of the inhibitors affected polyamine levels in apple cortical tissues”
Claim · model-written summary
Some injury to the fruit surface of apples was observed with Ca treatments.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Ca treatmentse0
- Outcome
- injury to the fruit surfacee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apples”
e0“Some injury to the fruit surface was observed with Ca treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Apple fruit treated with Ca and any of the inhibitors were less firm than fruit treated with Ca alone.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Ca and any of the inhibitorse0
- Outcome
- firme0
- Direction
- less firme0
- Comparator
- Ca alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apples”
e0“Fruit treated with Ca and any of the inhibitors were less firm than those treated with Ca alone”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest that specific polyamine biosynthesis inhibitors combined with Ca may be useful in reducing postharvest decay in apples.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae0
- Outcome
- reducing postharvest decaye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Specific polyamine biosynthesis inhibitors in combination with Ca may prove useful in reducing postharvest decay in apples”
The same questions in other papers
calcium atom · disease · Malus domestica (apple)Results differ
27 papers in the same direction as this paper · 10 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- no effect
- negative
35 papers more in this group
See all 39 papers →calcium atom · crop injury · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →calcium dichloride · Botrytis cinerea · Malus domestica (apple)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.