Abstract
Irrigated rice (Oryza sativa L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield increases in Punjab, India, have slowed in recent years. Future yield increases may occur in smaller increments through fine-tuning of crop management mainly by accounting for the large spatial and temporal variation in soil characteristics. On-farm experiments were conducted from 2002-03 to 2004-05 at 56 sites in six key irrigated rice-wheat domains of Punjab to evaluate an approach for site-specific nutrient management (SSNM). Site-specific N–P–K applications were calculated by accounting for the indigenous nutrient supply, yield targets, and nutrient demand as a function of the interactions between N, P, and K. The performance of SSNM was tested for two rice and two wheat crops. Compared with the current farmers’ fertilizer practice (FFP), average grain yields increased from 5.1 to 6.0 and 4.2 to 4.8 Mg/ha for rice and wheat crops, respectively, while plant N, P, and K accumulations increased by 12 to 20%. Improved timing and/or splitting of fertilizer N increased N recovery efficiency from 0.20 and 0.17 kg/kg in FFP plots to 0.30 and 0.27 kg/kg in SSNM plots in rice and wheat crops, respectively. The agronomic N use efficiency was 63 to 83% greater with SSNM than with FFP. The gross return above fertilizer cost (GRF) was 13-14% greater with SSNM than with FFP. Future SSNM research must build on the present approach to develop a more practical way for achieving similar benefits across large areas without site-specific modeling and with minimum crop monitoring.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
SSNM increased average rice grain yield from 5.1 to 6.0 Mg/ha.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- SSNMe3
- Outcome
- grain yieldse1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 5.1 to 6.0e1
- Comparator
- farmers’ fertilizer practicee1
Not reportedSetting
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e1“Compared with the current farmers’ fertilizer practice (FFP), average grain yields increased from 5.1 to 6.0 and 4.2 to 4.8 Mg/ha for rice and wheat crops, respectively”
e3“SSNM plots”
Claim · model-written summary
SSNM increased average wheat grain yield from 4.2 to 4.8 Mg/ha.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- SSNMe3
- Outcome
- grain yieldse1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 4.2 to 4.8 Mg/hae1
- Comparator
- farmers’ fertilizer practicee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e1“Compared with the current farmers’ fertilizer practice (FFP), average grain yields increased from 5.1 to 6.0 and 4.2 to 4.8 Mg/ha for rice and wheat crops, respectively”
e3“SSNM plots”
Claim · model-written summary
SSNM increased plant N, P, and K accumulation by 12 to 20%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- SSNMe3
- Outcome
- plant N, P, and K accumulationse1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 12 to 20%e1
- Qualifier
- wheate0
- Comparator
- farmers’ fertilizer practicee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice (Oryza sativa L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e1“while plant N, P, and K accumulations increased by 12 to 20%”
e2“Compared with the current farmers’ fertilizer practice (FFP)”
e3“SSNM plots”
Claim · model-written summary
Improved nitrogen timing or splitting increased rice N recovery efficiency from 0.20 to 0.30 kg/kg.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Improved timing and/or splitting of fertilizer Ne1
- Outcome
- N recovery efficiencye1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 0.30e1
- Comparator
- FFP plotse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e1“Improved timing and/or splitting of fertilizer N increased N recovery efficiency from 0.20 and 0.17 kg/kg in FFP plots to 0.30 and 0.27 kg/kg in SSNM plots in rice and wheat crops, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Improved nitrogen timing or splitting increased wheat N recovery efficiency from 0.17 to 0.27 kg/kg.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Improved timing and/or splitting of fertilizer Ne1
- Outcome
- N recovery efficiencye1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 0.27 kg/kge1
- Comparator
- FFP plotse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e1“Improved timing and/or splitting of fertilizer N increased N recovery efficiency from 0.20 and 0.17 kg/kg in FFP plots to 0.30 and 0.27 kg/kg in SSNM plots in rice and wheat crops, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Agronomic N use efficiency was 63 to 83% greater under SSNM than FFP.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- SSNMe1
- Outcome
- agronomic N use efficiencye1
- Direction
- greatere1
- Value
- 63 to 83%e1
- Qualifier
- wheate0
- Comparator
- FFPe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice (Oryza sativa L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e1“The agronomic N use efficiency was 63 to 83% greater with SSNM than with FFP.”
Claim · model-written summary
Gross return above fertilizer cost was 13-14% greater under SSNM.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- SSNMe1
- Outcome
- gross return above fertilizer coste1
- Direction
- greatere1
- Value
- 13-14%e1
- Qualifier
- wheate0
- Comparator
- FFPe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice (Oryza sativa L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e1“The gross return above fertilizer cost (GRF) was 13-14% greater with SSNM than with FFP.”
Claim · model-written summary
Future SSNM work should find a practical approach for large areas without site-specific modeling and with minimal crop monitoring.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- a more practical way for achieving similar benefits across large arease1
- Qualifier
- without site-specific modeling and with minimum crop monitoringe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice (Oryza sativa L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e1“Future SSNM research must build on the present approach to develop a more practical way for achieving similar benefits across large areas without site-specific modeling and with minimum crop monitoring.”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.