Abstract
Ten years experiments were conducted on yield components of wheat, lentil and vetch in three different crop rotations under semiarid conditions of Central Jordan (Mushagar region). In each rotation three tillage practices, effect of three wheat crop residue management practices and three levels of nitrogen fertilizers were studied . In the two course rotation (wheat -lentil ) plowing with chisel followed by sweep early in the season before rain and incorporating the remaining wheat residue after baling and grazing ,as traditionally practiced, gave highest average grain wheat yield (1238 kg ha -1 ) and straw yield (3980 kg ha -1 ). Also addition of nitrogen fertilizer at 30 kg ha -1 produced significantly high grain (1208 kg ha -1 ) and straw (4249 kg -1 ) .Sweep plowing after rain yielded highly significant lentil grain yield (727 kg ha -1 ) . Straw yield has not affected by the studied treatments. In the three course rotation (wheat – lentil – melon) highest grain wheat yield (1803 kg ha -1 ) and straw (4658 kg ha -1 ) were obtained by plowing with moldboard followed by sweep before rain. Addition of nitrogen fertilizer, even at low rate (20 kg N ha -1 ) gave significantly higher grain wheat and straw yields than the control. Generally lentil yield components were not affected by tillage, residue and fertilization treatments. In the two course rotation (wheat – vetch) no significant effect for tillage and crop residue were observed on grain wheat yield, while nitrogen fertilization gave significantly high grain and straw yields (1054 and 3175 kg ha -1 , respectively). Tillage by using sweep after effective rain gave significantly high vetch grain and straw yields (846, and 2754 kg ha -1 , respectively). Seed bed preparation for wheat was adequate by using moldboard or chisel followed by sweep tillage, while sweep tillage only was proper for land preparation for lentil and vetch. Addition of nitrogen fertilizer (20kg ha -1 ) is important for wheat production, but not for the lentils and vetch, where residual nitrogen after wheat may be adequate as starter for N fixation and provide these legumes with its need of nitrogen.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
In wheat–lentil rotation, early chisel then sweep plowing with remaining residue incorporated gave the highest wheat grain yield of 1238 kg ha -1.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- plowing with chisel followed by sweep early in the season before rain and incorporating the remaining wheat residue after baling and grazinge1
- Outcome
- grain wheat yielde1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 1238 kg ha -1e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat, lentil and vetch”
e1“In the two course rotation (wheat -lentil ) plowing with chisel followed by sweep early in the season before rain and incorporating the remaining wheat residue after baling and grazing ,as traditionally practiced, gave highest average grain wheat yield (1238 kg ha -1 )”
Claim · model-written summary
The same practice gave the highest wheat straw yield of 3980 kg ha -1.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- plowing with chisel followed by sweep early in the season before rain and incorporating the remaining wheat residue after baling and grazinge1
- Outcome
- straw yielde1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 3980 kg ha -1e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat, lentil and vetch”
e1“plowing with chisel followed by sweep early in the season before rain and incorporating the remaining wheat residue after baling and grazing ,as traditionally practiced, gave highest average grain wheat yield (1238 kg ha -1 ) and straw yield (3980 kg ha -1 )”
Claim · model-written summary
At 30 kg ha -1 nitrogen, wheat grain yield was significantly high at 1208 kg ha -1.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- nitrogen fertilizer at 30 kg ha -1e1
- Outcome
- graine1
- Direction
- highe1
- Value
- 1208 kg ha -1e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat, lentil and vetch”
e1“addition of nitrogen fertilizer at 30 kg ha -1 produced significantly high grain (1208 kg ha -1 )”
Claim · model-written summary
At 30 kg ha -1 nitrogen, wheat straw yield was significantly high at 4249 kg -1.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- nitrogen fertilizer at 30 kg ha -1e1
- Outcome
- strawe1
- Direction
- highe1
- Value
- 4249 kg -1e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat, lentil and vetch”
e1“addition of nitrogen fertilizer at 30 kg ha -1 produced significantly high grain (1208 kg ha -1 ) and straw (4249 kg -1 )”
Claim · model-written summary
Sweep plowing after rain produced significantly high lentil grain yield of 727 kg ha -1.
- Taxon
- lentil
Lens culinarise0 - Treatment
- Sweep plowing after raine1
- Outcome
- lentil grain yielde1
- Direction
- highly significante1
- Value
- 727 kg ha -1e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat, lentil and vetch”
e1“Sweep plowing after rain yielded highly significant lentil grain yield (727 kg ha -1 )”
Claim · model-written summary
Studied treatments did not affect lentil straw yield.
- Taxon
- lentilLens culinarise0
- Treatment
- studied treatmentse1
- Outcome
- Straw yielde1
- Direction
- not affectede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat, lentil and vetch”
e1“Straw yield has not affected by the studied treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
In wheat–lentil–melon rotation, moldboard then sweep before rain gave the highest wheat grain yield of 1803 kg ha -1.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- plowing with moldboard followed by sweep before raine1
- Outcome
- grain wheat yielde1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 1803 kg ha -1e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat, lentil and vetch”
e1“In the three course rotation (wheat – lentil – melon) highest grain wheat yield (1803 kg ha -1 ) and straw (4658 kg ha -1 ) were obtained by plowing with moldboard followed by sweep before rain”
Claim · model-written summary
In wheat–lentil–melon rotation, moldboard then sweep before rain gave the highest wheat straw yield of 4658 kg ha -1.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- plowing with moldboard followed by sweep before raine1
- Outcome
- strawe1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 4658 kg ha -1e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat, lentil and vetch”
e1“In the three course rotation (wheat – lentil – melon) highest grain wheat yield (1803 kg ha -1 ) and straw (4658 kg ha -1 ) were obtained by plowing with moldboard followed by sweep before rain”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertilizer, even at 20 kg N ha -1, significantly increased wheat grain and straw yields against control in the three-course rotation.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- nitrogen fertilizer, even at low rate (20 kg N ha -1 )e1
- Outcome
- grain wheat and straw yieldse1
- Direction
- highere1
- Comparator
- the controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat, lentil and vetch”
e1“Addition of nitrogen fertilizer, even at low rate (20 kg N ha -1 ) gave significantly higher grain wheat and straw yields than the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Lentil yield components generally were unaffected by tillage, residue and fertilization.
- Taxon
- lentilLens culinarise0
- Treatment
- tillage, residue and fertilization treatmentse1
- Outcome
- lentil yield componentse1
- Direction
- not affectede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat, lentil and vetch”
e1“Generally lentil yield components were not affected by tillage, residue and fertilization treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
In wheat–vetch rotation, tillage and crop residue had no significant effect on wheat grain yield.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- tillage and crop residuee1
- Outcome
- grain wheat yielde1
- Direction
- no significant effecte1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat, lentil and vetch”
e1“no significant effect for tillage and crop residue were observed on grain wheat yield”
Claim · model-written summary
In wheat–vetch rotation, nitrogen fertilization significantly raised wheat grain yield to 1054 kg ha -1.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- nitrogen fertilizatione1
- Outcome
- graine1
- Direction
- highe1
- Value
- 1054e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat, lentil and vetch”
e1“nitrogen fertilization gave significantly high grain and straw yields (1054 and 3175 kg ha -1 , respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
In wheat–vetch rotation, nitrogen fertilization significantly raised wheat straw yield to 3175 kg ha -1.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- nitrogen fertilizatione1
- Outcome
- straw yieldse1
- Direction
- highe1
- Value
- 3175 kg ha -1e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat, lentil and vetch”
e1“nitrogen fertilization gave significantly high grain and straw yields (1054 and 3175 kg ha -1 , respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
Sweep tillage after effective rain gave significantly high vetch grain yield of 846 kg ha -1.
- Taxon
- vetche0
- Treatment
- Tillage by using sweep after effective raine1
- Outcome
- vetch graine1
- Direction
- highe1
- Value
- 846e1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“wheat, lentil and vetch”
e1“Tillage by using sweep after effective rain gave significantly high vetch grain and straw yields (846, and 2754 kg ha -1 , respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
Sweep tillage after effective rain gave significantly high vetch straw yield of 2754 kg ha -1.
- Taxon
- vetche0
- Treatment
- Tillage by using sweep after effective raine1
- Outcome
- straw yieldse1
- Direction
- highe1
- Value
- 2754 kg ha -1e1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“wheat, lentil and vetch”
e1“Tillage by using sweep after effective rain gave significantly high vetch grain and straw yields (846, and 2754 kg ha -1 , respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors considered moldboard or chisel followed by sweep adequate for wheat seed beds.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- Seed bed preparation for wheat was adequate by using moldboard or chisel followed by sweep tillagee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat, lentil and vetch”
e1“Seed bed preparation for wheat was adequate by using moldboard or chisel followed by sweep tillage”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors considered sweep tillage alone proper for lentil and vetch land preparation.
Verbatim
e0“wheat, lentil and vetch”
e1“sweep tillage only was proper for land preparation for lentil and vetch”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors considered 20kg ha -1 nitrogen important for wheat production.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- Addition of nitrogen fertilizer (20kg ha -1 ) is important for wheat productione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat, lentil and vetch”
e1“Addition of nitrogen fertilizer (20kg ha -1 ) is important for wheat production”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors considered added nitrogen unnecessary for lentil and vetch because residual nitrogen after wheat may suffice.
Verbatim
e0“wheat, lentil and vetch”
e1“but not for the lentils and vetch, where residual nitrogen after wheat may be adequate as starter for N fixation”
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See all 2,061 papers →8 of 10 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.