Abstract
Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L), wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri is the most destructive disease in India and also first reported from India in 1918. It is seed-borne as well as soil-borne pathogen. Yield losses vary between 10% to 100% depending on varietal susceptibility and agroclimatic conditions. The results concluded that the significantly highest reduction in growth of the pathogen was induced by Trichoderma viride (15.3%), followed by Trichoderma koningii (24.4%). The moderate inhibition was induced by Trichoderma harzianum (28.9%), Gliocladium virens (30.5%) which were statistically at par and could induce however significant inhibition over control (75.20%). The significantly highest germination was obtained with Carbendazim (77.66%) which was at par with seed treatment by Trichoderma viride (75.33%). However, the all doses of seed treatment with T. viride and fungicidal seed treatments have significantly improved germination (%), increased vigour index, dry matter production and number of pods produced per plant were significantly influenced. Whereas, all the fungicides were found to be significantly superior over control in checking the radial growth and sporulation of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri. Among all the fungicides Carbendazim (22.41%) was significantly superior and was at par with Benomyl (21.4%), Thiram (31.42%) and Captan (31.82%). Very scarce sporulation was observed in Carbendazim, Benomyl, Thiram and Captan acted as antisporulant.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma viride reduced pathogen growth, with 15.3% reported.
- Taxon
- chickpea
Cicer arietinumt0 - Treatment
- Trichoderma viridee0
- Outcome
- growth of the pathogene0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 15.3%e0
Not reportedInteractorComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significantly highest reduction in growth of the pathogen was induced by Trichoderma viride (15.3%)”
t0“chickpea wilt”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma koningii reduced pathogen growth, with 24.4% reported.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- Trichoderma koningiie0
- Outcome
- growth of the pathogene0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 24.4%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reduction in growth of the pathogen was induced by Trichoderma viride (15.3%), followed by Trichoderma koningii (24.4%)”
t0“chickpea wilt”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma harzianum inhibited pathogen growth by 28.9%.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- Trichoderma harzianume0
- Outcome
- inhibitione0
- Direction
- inhibitione0
- Value
- 28.9%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“moderate inhibition was induced by Trichoderma harzianum (28.9%)”
t0“chickpea wilt”
Claim · model-written summary
Gliocladium virens inhibited pathogen growth by 30.5%.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- Gliocladium virense0
- Outcome
- inhibitione0
- Direction
- inhibitione0
- Value
- 30.5%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gliocladium virens (30.5%) which were statistically at par and could induce however significant inhibition over control (75.20%)”
t0“chickpea wilt”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbendazim seed treatment gave the highest germination, 77.66%.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- Carbendazime0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 77.66%e0
- Comparator
- seed treatment by Trichoderma viridee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significantly highest germination was obtained with Carbendazim (77.66%) which was at par with seed treatment by Trichoderma viride (75.33%)”
t0“chickpea wilt”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma viride seed treatment gave 75.33% germination, at par with Carbendazim.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- seed treatment by Trichoderma viridee0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Value
- 75.33%e0
- Comparator
- Carbendazime0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“germination was obtained with Carbendazim (77.66%) which was at par with seed treatment by Trichoderma viride (75.33%)”
t0“chickpea wilt”
Claim · model-written summary
T. viride seed treatment improved germination, vigour, dry matter and pods.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- all doses of seed treatment with T. viridee0
- Outcome
- germination (%)e0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“all doses of seed treatment with T. viride and fungicidal seed treatments have significantly improved germination (%), increased vigour index, dry matter production and number of pods produced per plant”
t0“chickpea wilt”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungicidal seed treatments improved germination, vigour, dry matter and pods.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- fungicidal seed treatmentse0
- Outcome
- vigour index, dry matter production and number of pods produced per plante0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fungicidal seed treatments have significantly improved germination (%), increased vigour index, dry matter production and number of pods produced per plant”
t0“chickpea wilt”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungicides suppressed Fusarium radial growth and sporulation relative to control.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- all the fungicidese0
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri
_(Fusarium_oxysporum_f.sp._batatas)_1234227-PPT-Clemson_University.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium oxysporume0pathogen - Outcome
- radial growth and sporulation of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cicerie0
- Direction
- checkinge0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_(Fusarium_oxysporum_f.sp._batatas)_1234227-PPT-Clemson_University.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“all the fungicides were found to be significantly superior over control in checking the radial growth and sporulation of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri”
t0“chickpea wilt”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbendazim was superior among fungicides, with 22.41% reported.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- Carbendazime0
- Outcome
- superiore0
- Direction
- superiore0
- Value
- 22.41%e0
- Comparator
- Benomyle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Carbendazim (22.41%) was significantly superior and was at par with Benomyl (21.4%), Thiram (31.42%) and Captan (31.82%)”
t0“chickpea wilt”
Claim · model-written summary
Benomyl was at par with Carbendazim, with 21.4% reported.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- Benomyle0
- Outcome
- at pare0
- Direction
- at pare0
- Value
- 21.4%e0
- Comparator
- Carbendazime0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Carbendazim (22.41%) was significantly superior and was at par with Benomyl (21.4%)”
t0“chickpea wilt”
Claim · model-written summary
Thiram was at par with Carbendazim, with 31.42% reported.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- Thirame0
- Outcome
- at pare0
- Direction
- at pare0
- Value
- 31.42%e0
- Comparator
- Carbendazime0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Carbendazim (22.41%) was significantly superior and was at par with Benomyl (21.4%), Thiram (31.42%)”
t0“chickpea wilt”
Claim · model-written summary
Captan was at par with Carbendazim, with 31.82% reported.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- Captane0
- Outcome
- at pare0
- Direction
- at pare0
- Value
- 31.82%e0
- Comparator
- Carbendazime0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Carbendazim (22.41%) was significantly superior and was at par with Benomyl (21.4%), Thiram (31.42%) and Captan (31.82%)”
t0“chickpea wilt”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbendazim produced very scarce sporulation.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- Carbendazime0
- Outcome
- Very scarce sporulatione0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Very scarce sporulation was observed in Carbendazim, Benomyl, Thiram and Captan acted as antisporulant”
t0“chickpea wilt”
The same questions in other papers
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16 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
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See all 18 papers →Trichoderma harzianum · disease · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Positive and negative results
20 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
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See all 22 papers →Trichoderma virens · disease · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Trichoderma viride · growth · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Results agree
17 papers in the same direction as this paper
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See all 18 papers →fungicide · yield · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Results differ
11 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
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See all 19 papers →seed treatment · growth · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Results differ
75 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
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See all 81 papers →seed treatment · yield · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Results differ
81 papers in the same direction as this paper · 8 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- no effect
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See all 90 papers →8 of 9 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.