Paper · 1991 · Weed Technology

Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Response to Picloram and 2,4-D

David C. Heering; Thomas F. Peeper

5
claims
8
verbatim quotes
13
citations
1
research areas
—
Not open access

Abstract

Postemergence spring applications of picloram and picloram plus 2,4-D frequently reduced mature height and peduncle length of hard red winter wheat in field experiments. Yield reductions were more severe from picloram applied alone to the first joint growth stage than late tillering stage wheat. In two of six experiments picloram plus 2,4-D reduced yield more than picloram alone. Yields of four wheat cultivars were reduced by picloram and picloram plus 2,4-D at one of two locations. At the second location only the yield of ‘Chisholm’ and ‘Rohm and Haas Seed 7837’ were reduced by those herbicides.

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Claims 5

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Postemergence spring applications of picloram and picloram plus 2,4-D frequently reduced mature height and peduncle length of wheat.

Treatment
Postemergence spring applications of picloram and picloram plus 2,4-De0
Outcome
mature height and peduncle lengthe0
Direction
reducede0
Qualifier
frequentlye0
Setting
field experimentse0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Postemergence spring applications of picloram and picloram plus 2,4-D frequently reduced mature height and peduncle length of hard red winter wheat in field experiments”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–168 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Yield reductions from picloram applied alone to the first joint growth stage were more severe than for late tillering stage wheat.

Organ / stage
first joint growth stagee1
Treatment
picloram applied alonee1
Outcome
Yielde1
Direction
more severee1
Comparator
late tillering stage wheate1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e1

“Yield reductions were more severe from picloram applied alone to the first joint growth stage than late tillering stage wheat”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 170–295 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

In two of six experiments picloram plus 2,4-D reduced wheat yield more than picloram alone.

Treatment
picloram plus 2,4-De2
Outcome
yielde2
Direction
reducede2
Qualifier
In two of six experimentse2
Comparator
picloram alonee2

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Postemergence spring applications of picloram and picloram plus 2,4-D frequently reduced mature height and peduncle length of hard red winter wheat in field experiments”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–168 · show in text ↑
e2

“In two of six experiments picloram plus 2,4-D reduced yield more than picloram alone”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 297–381 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Yields of four wheat cultivars were reduced by picloram and picloram plus 2,4-D at one of two locations.

Treatment
picloram and picloram plus 2,4-De3
Outcome
Yieldse3
Direction
reducede3
Setting
one of two locationse3

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Postemergence spring applications of picloram and picloram plus 2,4-D frequently reduced mature height and peduncle length of hard red winter wheat in field experiments”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–168 · show in text ↑
e3

“Yields of four wheat cultivars were reduced by picloram and picloram plus 2,4-D at one of two locations”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 383–486 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

At the second location, yield of the cultivars Chisholm and Rohm and Haas Seed 7837 was reduced by picloram and picloram plus 2,4-D.

Material
Chisholme4
Treatment
picloram and picloram plus 2,4-De0
Outcome
yielde4
Direction
were reducede4
Setting
second locatione4

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Postemergence spring applications of picloram and picloram plus 2,4-D frequently reduced mature height and peduncle length of hard red winter wheat in field experiments”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–168 · show in text ↑
e4

“At the second location only the yield of ‘Chisholm’ and ‘Rohm and Haas Seed 7837’ were reduced by those herbicides”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 488–602 · show in text ↑

2,4-D · growth · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ

51 papers: 35 positive, 16 negative or no effect

15 papers in the same direction as this paper · 35 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive

47 papers more in this group

See all 51 papers →

2,4-D · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ

116 papers: 78 positive, 38 negative or no effect

37 papers in the same direction as this paper · 78 in the opposite direction

  1. negative
  2. positive
  3. positive

112 papers more in this group

See all 116 papers →

picloram · growth · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results

4 papers: 3 positive, 1 negative or no effect

3 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive
See all 4 papers →

picloram · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results

7 papers: 1 positive, 6 negative or no effect

5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
  2. negative
  3. no effect

3 papers more in this group

See all 7 papers →

herbicide · growth · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results

116 papers: 64 positive, 52 negative or no effect

51 papers in the same direction as this paper · 64 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive

112 papers more in this group

See all 116 papers →

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.