Abstract
The synergistic interaction of Potato virus X (PVX) with a number of potyviruses results in systemic necrosis in Nicotiana spp. Previous investigations have indicated that the viral suppressor of RNA silencing (VSR) protein P25 of PVX triggers systemic necrosis in PVX-associated synergisms in a threshold-dependent manner. However, little is still known about the cellular processes that lead to this necrosis, and whether the VSR activity of P25 is involved in its elicitation. Here, we show that transient expression of P25 in the presence of VSRs from different viruses, including the helper component-proteinase (HC-Pro) of potyviruses, induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the unfolded protein response (UPR), which ultimately lead to ER collapse. However, the host RNA silencing pathway was dispensable for the elicitation of cell death by P25. Confocal microscopy studies in leaf patches co-expressing P25 and HC-Pro showed dramatic alterations in ER membrane structures, which correlated with the up-regulation of bZIP60 and several ER-resident chaperones, including the ER luminal binding protein (BiP). Overexpression of BiP alleviated the cell death induced by the potexviral P25 protein when expressed together with VSRs derived from different viruses. Conversely, silencing of the UPR master regulator, bZIP60, led to an increase in cell death elicited by the P25/HC-Pro combination as well as by PVX-associated synergism. In addition to its role as a negative regulator of P25-induced cell death, UPR partially restricted PVX infection. Thus, systemic necrosis caused by PVX-associated synergistic infections is probably the effect of an unmitigated ER stress following the overaccumulation of a viral protein, P25, with ER remodelling activity.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Transient expression of P25 with viral suppressors induces ER stress and the unfolded protein response, which lead to ER collapse.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamiana
Nicotiana benthamianat0 - Treatment
- transient expression of P25 in the presence of VSRse1
- Interactor
- Potato virus XPotato virus Xe0pathogen
- Gene
- P25e1
- Outcome
- endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stresse1
- Direction
- inducese1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“endoplasmic reticulum stress in Nicotiana benthamiana”
e0“synergistic interaction of Potato virus X (PVX) with a number of potyviruses results in systemic necrosis in Nicotiana spp”
e1“transient expression of P25 in the presence of VSRs from different viruses, including the helper component-proteinase (HC-Pro) of potyviruses, induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the unfolded protein response (UPR), which ultimately lead to ER collapse”
Claim · model-written summary
The host RNA silencing pathway was dispensable for the elicitation of cell death by P25.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Treatment
- host RNA silencing pathwaye2
- Gene
- P25e2
- Outcome
- elicitation of cell deathe2
- Direction
- dispensablee2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“endoplasmic reticulum stress in Nicotiana benthamiana”
e2“the host RNA silencing pathway was dispensable for the elicitation of cell death by P25”
Claim · model-written summary
Co-expression of P25 and HC-Pro caused dramatic alterations in ER membrane structures in leaf patches.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Organ / stage
- leaf patchese3
- Gene
- P25 and HC-Proe3
- Outcome
- alterations in ER membrane structurese3
- Qualifier
- dramatice3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“endoplasmic reticulum stress in Nicotiana benthamiana”
e3“Confocal microscopy studies in leaf patches co-expressing P25 and HC-Pro showed dramatic alterations in ER membrane structures”
Claim · model-written summary
Up-regulation of bZIP60 was correlated with P25 and HC-Pro co-expression.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Gene
- bZIP60e4
- Outcome
- up-regulation of bZIP60e4
- Direction
- up-regulatione4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“endoplasmic reticulum stress in Nicotiana benthamiana”
e4“which correlated with the up-regulation of bZIP60 and several ER-resident chaperones, including the ER luminal binding protein (BiP)”
Claim · model-written summary
Several ER-resident chaperones, including BiP, were up-regulated in correlation with P25 and HC-Pro co-expression.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Gene
- ER luminal binding protein (BiP)e4
- Outcome
- several ER-resident chaperonese4
- Direction
- up-regulatione4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“endoplasmic reticulum stress in Nicotiana benthamiana”
e4“which correlated with the up-regulation of bZIP60 and several ER-resident chaperones, including the ER luminal binding protein (BiP)”
Claim · model-written summary
Overexpression of BiP alleviated the cell death induced by P25 together with viral suppressors from different viruses.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Treatment
- Overexpression of BiPe5
- Gene
- BiPe5
- Outcome
- cell deathe5
- Direction
- alleviatede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“endoplasmic reticulum stress in Nicotiana benthamiana”
e5“Overexpression of BiP alleviated the cell death induced by the potexviral P25 protein when expressed together with VSRs derived from different viruses”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing of the UPR master regulator bZIP60 increased cell death elicited by the P25/HC-Pro combination.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Treatment
- silencing of the UPR master regulator, bZIP60e6
- Gene
- bZIP60e6
- Outcome
- cell deathe6
- Direction
- increasee6
- Qualifier
- elicited by the P25/HC-Pro combinatione6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“endoplasmic reticulum stress in Nicotiana benthamiana”
e6“silencing of the UPR master regulator, bZIP60, led to an increase in cell death elicited by the P25/HC-Pro combination”
Claim · model-written summary
The UPR acts as a negative regulator of P25-induced cell death.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Treatment
- UPRe7
- Outcome
- P25-induced cell deathe7
- Direction
- negative regulatore7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“endoplasmic reticulum stress in Nicotiana benthamiana”
e7“In addition to its role as a negative regulator of P25-induced cell death, UPR partially restricted PVX infection”
Claim · model-written summary
The UPR partially restricted PVX infection.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Treatment
- UPRe7
- Interactor
- PVXPotato virus Xe7pathogen
- Outcome
- PVX infectione7
- Direction
- partially restrictede7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“endoplasmic reticulum stress in Nicotiana benthamiana”
e7“In addition to its role as a negative regulator of P25-induced cell death, UPR partially restricted PVX infection”
Claim · model-written summary
Systemic necrosis caused by PVX synergistic infections is probably the effect of unmitigated ER stress from overaccumulation of P25.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Outcome
- systemic necrosise2
- Qualifier
- unmitigated ER stress following the overaccumulation of a viral protein, P25e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“endoplasmic reticulum stress in Nicotiana benthamiana”
e2“systemic necrosis caused by PVX”
e3“is probably the effect of an unmitigated ER stress following the overaccumulation of a viral protein, P25”
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