Abstract
The field efficacy of pre-and post-emergence herbicides and rotational use of different group of herbicides were tested against Phalaris minor in wheat on farmers’ fields during the year 2015–16 and 2016–17. Clodinafop is being used by 64% farmers at Makowal and 44% at village Mallu Nangal from the last five years. None of the farmer was using pre-emergence herbicide. The higher herbicide dose (76% at site I and 80% at site II) coupled with hallow cone nozzle and less quantity of water (200–225 l/ha) resulted in poor control of P.minor. At site I, continuous use of clodinafop resulted in poor weed control efficiency (58.7%) with lower grain yield (4.46 t/ha). Sequential application of preemergence herbicide pendimethalin followed by post-emergence application of clodinafop provided effective control of P.minor (WCE 76.8%) and significantly higher yield (5.1 t/ha) over the existing farmers’ practices (2 sprays of clodinafop at 45 and 65 DAS). At the second site, compared to clodinafop with pendimethalin, mesosulfuron + iodosulfuron, fenoxaprop + metribuzin or sulfosulfuron resulted into higher yield with effective weed control efficiency. Highest yield was recorded with spray of mesosulfuron + iodosulfuron (5.1 t/ha) which was statistically at par with pendimethalin (5.06 t/ha), fenoxaprop+ metribuzin (5.01 t/ha) and sulfosulfuron at 15 DAS (4.98 t/ha).
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
High herbicide dose with a hollow cone nozzle and low water volume produced poor Phalaris minor control.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- higher herbicide dose (76% at site I and 80% at site II) coupled with hallow cone nozzle and less quantity of water (200–225 l/ha)e0
- Interactor
- P.minor
.jpg?width=60)
Phalaris minore0weed - Outcome
- control of P.minore0
- Direction
- poore0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“The higher herbicide dose (76% at site I and 80% at site II) coupled with hallow cone nozzle and less quantity of water (200–225 l/ha) resulted in poor control of P.minor”
Claim · model-written summary
Continuous clodinafop had poor weed control efficiency of 58.7% at site I.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- continuous use of clodinafope0
- Outcome
- weed control efficiencye0
- Direction
- poore0
- Value
- 58.7%e0
- Setting
- site Ie0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“At site I, continuous use of clodinafop resulted in poor weed control efficiency (58.7%) with lower grain yield (4.46 t/ha)”
Claim · model-written summary
Continuous clodinafop yielded 4.46 t/ha at site I, described as lower grain yield.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- continuous use of clodinafope0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 4.46 t/hae0
- Setting
- site Ie0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“At site I, continuous use of clodinafop resulted in poor weed control efficiency (58.7%) with lower grain yield (4.46 t/ha)”
Claim · model-written summary
Pendimethalin followed by clodinafop achieved 76.8% weed control efficiency at site I.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- pendimethalin followed by post-emergence application of clodinafope0
- Interactor
- P.minorPhalaris minore0weed
- Outcome
- control of P.minore0
- Direction
- effectivee0
- Value
- 76.8%e0
- Comparator
- existing farmers’ practices (2 sprays of clodinafop at 45 and 65 DAS)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“Sequential application of preemergence herbicide pendimethalin followed by post-emergence application of clodinafop provided effective control of P.minor (WCE 76.8%) and significantly higher yield (5.1 t/ha) over the existing farmers’ practices (2 sprays of clodinafop at 45 and 65 DAS)”
Claim · model-written summary
Pendimethalin followed by clodinafop raised wheat yield significantly to 5.1 t/ha against farmer practice.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- pendimethalin followed by post-emergence application of clodinafope0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 5.1 t/hae0
- Comparator
- existing farmers’ practices (2 sprays of clodinafop at 45 and 65 DAS)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“Sequential application of preemergence herbicide pendimethalin followed by post-emergence application of clodinafop provided effective control of P.minor (WCE 76.8%) and significantly higher yield (5.1 t/ha) over the existing farmers’ practices (2 sprays of clodinafop at 45 and 65 DAS)”
Claim · model-written summary
Mesosulfuron plus iodosulfuron produced higher yield and effective weed control than clodinafop with pendimethalin at site II.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- mesosulfuron + iodosulfurone0
- Outcome
- yield with effective weed control efficiencye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- clodinafop with pendimethaline0
- Setting
- second sitee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“At the second site, compared to clodinafop with pendimethalin, mesosulfuron + iodosulfuron, fenoxaprop + metribuzin or sulfosulfuron resulted into higher yield with effective weed control efficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
Fenoxaprop plus metribuzin produced higher yield and effective weed control than clodinafop with pendimethalin at site II.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- fenoxaprop + metribuzine0
- Outcome
- yield with effective weed control efficiencye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- clodinafop with pendimethaline0
- Setting
- second sitee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“At the second site, compared to clodinafop with pendimethalin, mesosulfuron + iodosulfuron, fenoxaprop + metribuzin or sulfosulfuron resulted into higher yield with effective weed control efficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulfosulfuron produced higher yield and effective weed control than clodinafop with pendimethalin at site II.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- sulfosulfurone0
- Outcome
- yield with effective weed control efficiencye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- clodinafop with pendimethaline0
- Setting
- second sitee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“At the second site, compared to clodinafop with pendimethalin, mesosulfuron + iodosulfuron, fenoxaprop + metribuzin or sulfosulfuron resulted into higher yield with effective weed control efficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
Mesosulfuron plus iodosulfuron gave the highest yield, 5.1 t/ha, at site II.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- mesosulfuron + iodosulfurone0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- Higheste0
- Value
- 5.1 t/hae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“Highest yield was recorded with spray of mesosulfuron + iodosulfuron (5.1 t/ha)”
Claim · model-written summary
Pendimethalin yielded 5.06 t/ha, statistically at par with the highest treatment.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- pendimethaline0
- Outcome
- yielde1
- Direction
- statistically at pare0
- Value
- 5.06 t/hae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“statistically at par with pendimethalin (5.06 t/ha), fenoxaprop+ metribuzin (5.01 t/ha) and sulfosulfuron at 15 DAS (4.98 t/ha)”
e1“Highest yield was recorded”
Claim · model-written summary
Fenoxaprop plus metribuzin yielded 5.01 t/ha, statistically at par with the highest treatment.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- fenoxaprop+ metribuzine0
- Outcome
- yielde1
- Direction
- statistically at pare0
- Value
- 5.01 t/hae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“statistically at par with pendimethalin (5.06 t/ha), fenoxaprop+ metribuzin (5.01 t/ha) and sulfosulfuron at 15 DAS (4.98 t/ha)”
e1“Highest yield was recorded”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulfosulfuron at 15 DAS yielded 4.98 t/ha, statistically at par with the highest treatment.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- sulfosulfuron at 15 DASe0
- Outcome
- yielde1
- Direction
- statistically at pare0
- Value
- 4.98 t/hae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“statistically at par with pendimethalin (5.06 t/ha), fenoxaprop+ metribuzin (5.01 t/ha) and sulfosulfuron at 15 DAS (4.98 t/ha)”
e1“Highest yield was recorded”
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