Abstract
Two field experiments were performed at Sakha Agricultural Research Station, (31° 05’ N latitude and 30° 56’ E longitude), Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate, during the two growing summer seasons of 2009 and 2010, to study the effect of deficit irrigation by watering after 50%, 70% and 90% of available soil moisture deficit (ASMD) and four levels of nitrogen fertilization at 10, 20, 30 and 40 kg N fed.-1 on cowpea yield, its components and water productivity in North Delta of Egypt. A split-plot design with four replicates was used. Mean values of seasonal water consumptive use were 42.17, 37.05 and 30.12cm in the 1st season and 41.22, 36.51 and 29.67 cm in the 2nd season for the 50%, 70% and 90% of ASMD, respectively and seasonal amounts of irrigation water applied for cowpea were 63.10 cm, 54.09 cm and 43.10 cm in the 1st season and 61.66, 53.33 and 42.40 cm in the 2nd season for 50%, 70% and 90% of ASMD, respectively. Results revealed that the highest values of plant height, number of leaves plant-1, number of branches plant-1 and chlorophyll content were obtained from irrigation at 50% of ASMD in the first season, while the highest values of seed yield plant-1, seed yield fed.-1 and number of pods plant-1 were obtained from irrigation at 70% of ASMD in the both seasons. The mean results showed that adding 40 kg N fed.-1 significantly increased plant height, number of leaves plant-1, number of branches plant-1 and chlorophyll content in both seasons, while adding 30 kg N fed.-1 gave the highest mean values of seed yield plant-1, seed yield fed.-1,number of pods plant-1 and 100-seed weight in both seasons. The highest values of water productivity (WP) and productivity of irrigation water (PIW) were 0.763and 0.541kg m-3 in the 1st season and 0.568 and 0.403 kg of seeds m-3 in the 2nd season as a result of irrigation at 90% of ASMD and fertilization with 30 kg N fed.-1 in the both seasons. Irrigation at 90% of ASMD enhanced WP by 29.7 and 33.4% and PIW by 35.9 and 39.7% compared to irrigation at 50% of ASMD in the two seasons, respectively. WP and PIW increased by increasing N application up to 30 kg N fed.-1. It can be recommended that the best results under the experimental conditions were irrigating cowpea cultivars at 70% of ASMD and fertilization with 30 kg N fed.-1.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation at 50% of ASMD gave the highest plant height, number of leaves and number of branches in the first season.
- Taxon
- cowpea
Vigna unguiculatat0 - Treatment
- irrigation at 50% of ASMDe1
- Outcome
- plant height, number of leaves plant-1, number of branches plant-1e1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Qualifier
- in the first seasone1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“COWPEA YIELD”
e1“the highest values of plant height, number of leaves plant-1, number of branches plant-1 and chlorophyll content were obtained from irrigation at 50% of ASMD in the first season”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation at 50% of ASMD gave the highest chlorophyll content in the first season.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- irrigation at 50% of ASMDe1
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Qualifier
- in the first seasone1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“COWPEA YIELD”
e1“the highest values of plant height, number of leaves plant-1, number of branches plant-1 and chlorophyll content were obtained from irrigation at 50% of ASMD in the first season”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation at 70% of ASMD gave the highest seed yield per plant, seed yield per feddan and number of pods per plant in both seasons.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- irrigation at 70% of ASMDe2
- Outcome
- seed yield plant-1, seed yield fed.-1 and number of pods plant-1e2
- Direction
- higheste2
- Qualifier
- in the both seasonse2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“COWPEA YIELD”
e2“the highest values of seed yield plant-1, seed yield fed.-1 and number of pods plant-1 were obtained from irrigation at 70% of ASMD in the both seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding 40 kg N per feddan significantly increased plant height, number of leaves and number of branches in both seasons.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- adding 40 kg N fed.-1e3
- Outcome
- plant height, number of leaves plant-1, number of branches plant-1e3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Qualifier
- in both seasonse3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“COWPEA YIELD”
e3“adding 40 kg N fed.-1 significantly increased plant height, number of leaves plant-1, number of branches plant-1 and chlorophyll content in both seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding 40 kg N per feddan significantly increased chlorophyll content in both seasons.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- adding 40 kg N fed.-1e3
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Qualifier
- in both seasonse3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“COWPEA YIELD”
e3“adding 40 kg N fed.-1 significantly increased plant height, number of leaves plant-1, number of branches plant-1 and chlorophyll content in both seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding 30 kg N per feddan gave the highest seed yield per plant, seed yield per feddan and number of pods per plant in both seasons.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- adding 30 kg N fed.-1e4
- Outcome
- seed yield plant-1, seed yield fed.-1,number of pods plant-1e4
- Direction
- higheste4
- Qualifier
- in both seasonse4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“COWPEA YIELD”
e4“adding 30 kg N fed.-1 gave the highest mean values of seed yield plant-1, seed yield fed.-1,number of pods plant-1 and 100-seed weight in both seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding 30 kg N per feddan gave the highest 100-seed weight in both seasons.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- adding 30 kg N fed.-1e4
- Outcome
- 100-seed weighte4
- Direction
- higheste4
- Qualifier
- in both seasonse4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“COWPEA YIELD”
e4“adding 30 kg N fed.-1 gave the highest mean values of seed yield plant-1, seed yield fed.-1,number of pods plant-1 and 100-seed weight in both seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation at 90% of ASMD with 30 kg N gave the highest water productivity of 0.763 in the first season.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- irrigation at 90% of ASMD and fertilization with 30 kg N fed.-1e5
- Outcome
- water productivity (WP)e5
- Direction
- higheste5
- Value
- 0.763e5
- Qualifier
- in the 1st seasone5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“COWPEA YIELD”
e5“The highest values of water productivity (WP) and productivity of irrigation water (PIW) were 0.763and 0.541kg m-3 in the 1st season and 0.568 and 0.403 kg of seeds m-3 in the 2nd season as a result of irrigation at 90% of ASMD and fertilization with 30 kg N fed.-1 in the both seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation at 90% of ASMD with 30 kg N gave the highest water productivity of 0.568 in the second season.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- irrigation at 90% of ASMD and fertilization with 30 kg N fed.-1e5
- Outcome
- water productivity (WP)e5
- Direction
- higheste5
- Value
- 0.568e5
- Qualifier
- in the 2nd seasone5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“COWPEA YIELD”
e5“The highest values of water productivity (WP) and productivity of irrigation water (PIW) were 0.763and 0.541kg m-3 in the 1st season and 0.568 and 0.403 kg of seeds m-3 in the 2nd season as a result of irrigation at 90% of ASMD and fertilization with 30 kg N fed.-1 in the both seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation at 90% of ASMD with 30 kg N gave the highest productivity of irrigation water of 0.541 in the first season.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- irrigation at 90% of ASMD and fertilization with 30 kg N fed.-1e5
- Outcome
- productivity of irrigation water (PIW)e5
- Direction
- higheste5
- Value
- 0.541e5
- Qualifier
- in the 1st seasone5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“COWPEA YIELD”
e5“The highest values of water productivity (WP) and productivity of irrigation water (PIW) were 0.763and 0.541kg m-3 in the 1st season and 0.568 and 0.403 kg of seeds m-3 in the 2nd season as a result of irrigation at 90% of ASMD and fertilization with 30 kg N fed.-1 in the both seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation at 90% of ASMD with 30 kg N gave the highest productivity of irrigation water of 0.403 in the second season.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- irrigation at 90% of ASMD and fertilization with 30 kg N fed.-1e5
- Outcome
- productivity of irrigation water (PIW)e5
- Direction
- higheste5
- Value
- 0.403e5
- Qualifier
- in the 2nd seasone5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“COWPEA YIELD”
e5“The highest values of water productivity (WP) and productivity of irrigation water (PIW) were 0.763and 0.541kg m-3 in the 1st season and 0.568 and 0.403 kg of seeds m-3 in the 2nd season as a result of irrigation at 90% of ASMD and fertilization with 30 kg N fed.-1 in the both seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation at 90% of ASMD enhanced water productivity by 29.7% relative to 50% of ASMD.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- Irrigation at 90% of ASMDe6
- Outcome
- WPe6
- Direction
- enhancede6
- Value
- 29.7e6
- Qualifier
- in the two seasons, respectivelye6
- Comparator
- irrigation at 50% of ASMDe6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“COWPEA YIELD”
e6“Irrigation at 90% of ASMD enhanced WP by 29.7 and 33.4% and PIW by 35.9 and 39.7% compared to irrigation at 50% of ASMD in the two seasons, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation at 90% of ASMD enhanced water productivity by 33.4% relative to 50% of ASMD.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- Irrigation at 90% of ASMDe6
- Outcome
- WPe6
- Direction
- enhancede6
- Value
- 33.4e6
- Qualifier
- in the two seasons, respectivelye6
- Comparator
- irrigation at 50% of ASMDe6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“COWPEA YIELD”
e6“Irrigation at 90% of ASMD enhanced WP by 29.7 and 33.4% and PIW by 35.9 and 39.7% compared to irrigation at 50% of ASMD in the two seasons, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation at 90% of ASMD enhanced productivity of irrigation water by 35.9% relative to 50% of ASMD.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- Irrigation at 90% of ASMDe6
- Outcome
- PIWe6
- Direction
- enhancede6
- Value
- 35.9e6
- Qualifier
- in the two seasons, respectivelye6
- Comparator
- irrigation at 50% of ASMDe6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“COWPEA YIELD”
e6“Irrigation at 90% of ASMD enhanced WP by 29.7 and 33.4% and PIW by 35.9 and 39.7% compared to irrigation at 50% of ASMD in the two seasons, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation at 90% of ASMD enhanced productivity of irrigation water by 39.7% relative to 50% of ASMD.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- Irrigation at 90% of ASMDe6
- Outcome
- PIWe6
- Direction
- enhancede6
- Value
- 39.7e6
- Qualifier
- in the two seasons, respectivelye6
- Comparator
- irrigation at 50% of ASMDe6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“COWPEA YIELD”
e6“Irrigation at 90% of ASMD enhanced WP by 29.7 and 33.4% and PIW by 35.9 and 39.7% compared to irrigation at 50% of ASMD in the two seasons, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Water productivity and productivity of irrigation water increased with increasing nitrogen up to 30 kg N per feddan.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- increasing N application up to 30 kg N fed.-1e7
- Outcome
- WP and PIWe7
- Direction
- increasede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“COWPEA YIELD”
e7“WP and PIW increased by increasing N application up to 30 kg N fed.-1”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigating cowpea cultivars at 70% of ASMD with 30 kg N per feddan is recommended under the experimental conditions.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae0
- Outcome
- irrigating cowpea cultivars at 70% of ASMD and fertilization with 30 kg N fed.-1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It can be recommended that the best results under the experimental conditions were irrigating cowpea cultivars at 70% of ASMD and fertilization with 30 kg N fed.-1”
Claim · model-written summary
Mean seasonal water consumptive use was 42.17, 37.05 and 30.12 cm in the first season.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Outcome
- seasonal water consumptive usee1
- Value
- 42.17, 37.05 and 30.12cme1
- Qualifier
- in the 1st seasone1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“COWPEA YIELD”
e1“Mean values of seasonal water consumptive use were 42.17, 37.05 and 30.12cm in the 1st season and 41.22, 36.51 and 29.67 cm in the 2nd season”
Claim · model-written summary
Mean seasonal water consumptive use was 41.22, 36.51 and 29.67 cm in the second season.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Outcome
- seasonal water consumptive usee1
- Value
- 41.22, 36.51 and 29.67 cme1
- Qualifier
- in the 2nd seasone1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“COWPEA YIELD”
e1“Mean values of seasonal water consumptive use were 42.17, 37.05 and 30.12cm in the 1st season and 41.22, 36.51 and 29.67 cm in the 2nd season”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.