Abstract
This study evaluated the interaction of Bacillus subtilis (BD233) co-inoculation and mine water (75% MW) irrigation on the growth, nodulation, physiology and nutritional quality of cowpea. Three cowpea genotypes were exposed to four treatments namely i) Co-inoculation with B. subtilis (B+) and irrigation with 75% MW, ii) Co-inoculation with B. subtilis (B+) and tap water irrigation (0% MW), iii) No B. subtilis co-inoculation (B-) and irrigation with 75% MW and iv) No co-inoculation with B. subtilis (B-) and irrigation with tap water (0% MW) (control). A factorial experiment was repeated once in a glasshouse using a randomized complete block design with five replications. The results showed that at 125 DAP, Nyira and Asetanapa, not co-inoculated with B. subtilis (B-) and irrigated with 0% MW showed significantly higher number of branches per plant whilst Soronko irrigated with 0% MW but co-inoculated with B. subtilis (B+) had the tallest plants with a corresponding higher biomass compared to the other treatments. With 0% MW irrigation, Soronko and Nyira co-inoculated with B. subtilis (B+) had the highest nodule counts, plant pod counts, pod fresh weight, pod dry weight, number of seeds and seeds fresh weight per plant compared to Asetenapa and control. Co-inoculation with B. subtilis affected heavy metals (Ca, Fe, Zn, Mn & Al) accumulation in shoot and grain of the tested cowpea genotypes. These findings clearly suggest that B. subtilis has ability to sequester heavy metals in soils polluted with mine water and also enhance the growth, nodulation and yield of an important economic crop.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
At 125 DAP, uninoculated Nyira and Asetanapa under tap water had more branches per plant.
- Taxon
- cowpea
Vigna unguiculatat0 - Material
- Nyira and Asetanapae0
- Organ / stage
- 125 DAPe0
- Treatment
- not co-inoculated with B. subtilis (B-) and irrigated with 0% MWe0
- Interactor
- B. subtilis
Bacillus subtilise0symbiont - Outcome
- number of branches per plante0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- other treatmentse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“at 125 DAP, Nyira and Asetanapa, not co-inoculated with B. subtilis (B-) and irrigated with 0% MW showed significantly higher number of branches per plant”
t0“cowpea”
e1“compared to the other treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Under tap water with Bacillus subtilis, Soronko had the tallest plants and higher biomass than other treatments.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Material
- Soronkoe0
- Treatment
- irrigated with 0% MW but co-inoculated with B. subtilis (B+)e0
- Interactor
- B. subtilisBacillus subtilise0symbiont
- Outcome
- tallest plants with a corresponding higher biomasse0
- Direction
- talleste0
- Comparator
- the other treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soronko irrigated with 0% MW but co-inoculated with B. subtilis (B+) had the tallest plants with a corresponding higher biomass compared to the other treatments.”
t0“cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
With tap water and inoculation, Soronko and Nyira had the highest nodule counts relative to Asetenapa and control.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Material
- Soronko and Nyirae0
- Treatment
- co-inoculated with B. subtilis (B+)e0
- Interactor
- B. subtilisBacillus subtilise0symbiont
- Outcome
- nodule countse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Comparator
- Asetenapa and controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With 0% MW irrigation, Soronko and Nyira co-inoculated with B. subtilis (B+) had the highest nodule counts, plant pod counts, pod fresh weight, pod dry weight, number of seeds and seeds fresh weight per plant compared to Asetenapa and control.”
t0“cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
With tap water and inoculation, Soronko and Nyira had the highest pod counts, pod fresh weight and pod dry weight.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Material
- Soronko and Nyirae0
- Treatment
- co-inoculated with B. subtilis (B+)e0
- Interactor
- B. subtilisBacillus subtilise0symbiont
- Outcome
- plant pod counts, pod fresh weight, pod dry weighte0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Comparator
- Asetenapa and controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With 0% MW irrigation, Soronko and Nyira co-inoculated with B. subtilis (B+) had the highest nodule counts, plant pod counts, pod fresh weight, pod dry weight, number of seeds and seeds fresh weight per plant compared to Asetenapa and control.”
t0“cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
With tap water and inoculation, Soronko and Nyira had the highest seed number and fresh weight.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Material
- Soronko and Nyirae0
- Treatment
- co-inoculated with B. subtilis (B+)e0
- Interactor
- B. subtilisBacillus subtilise0symbiont
- Outcome
- number of seeds and seeds fresh weight per plante0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Comparator
- Asetenapa and controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With 0% MW irrigation, Soronko and Nyira co-inoculated with B. subtilis (B+) had the highest nodule counts, plant pod counts, pod fresh weight, pod dry weight, number of seeds and seeds fresh weight per plant compared to Asetenapa and control.”
t0“cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus subtilis co-inoculation affected Ca, Fe, Zn, Mn and Al accumulation in cowpea shoots and grain.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae0
- Organ / stage
- shoot and graine0
- Treatment
- Co-inoculation with B. subtilise0
- Interactor
- B. subtilisBacillus subtilise0symbiont
- Outcome
- heavy metals (Ca, Fe, Zn, Mn & Al) accumulatione0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Co-inoculation with B. subtilis affected heavy metals (Ca, Fe, Zn, Mn & Al) accumulation in shoot and grain of the tested cowpea genotypes.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest Bacillus subtilis can sequester heavy metals in mine-water-polluted soils.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Interactor
- B. subtilisBacillus subtilise0symbiont
- Outcome
- sequester heavy metals in soils polluted with mine watere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“B. subtilis has ability to sequester heavy metals in soils polluted with mine water”
t0“cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest Bacillus subtilis enhances cowpea growth, nodulation and yield.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Interactor
- B. subtilisBacillus subtilise1symbiont
- Outcome
- growth, nodulation and yielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“also enhance the growth, nodulation and yield of an important economic crop.”
t0“cowpea”
e1“B. subtilis has ability to sequester heavy metals”
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