Abstract
The effect of Al and Cd on the growth, photosynthesis, and accumulation of Al, Cd and plant nutrients in two soybean genotypes were determined using hydroponic culture. There were six treatments: pH 6.5; pH 4.0; pH 6.5+1.0 μmol/L Cd; pH 4.0+1.0 μmol/L Cd; pH 4.0+150 μmol/L Al; pH 4.0+1.0 μmol/L Cd+150 μmol/L Al. The low pH (4.0) and Al treatments caused marked reduction in root length, shoot height, dry weight, chlorophyll content (SPAD value) and photosynthetic rate. Al-sensitive cv. Zhechun 2 accumulated comparatively more Al and Cd in plants than Al-tolerant cv. Liao 1. Compared with pH 6.5, pH 4.0 resulted in significant increase in Cd and Al concentration in plants. Combined application of Cd and Al enhanced their accu-mulation in roots, but caused a reduction in shoots. The concentrations of all 10 nutrients (P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn and B), except Mo were also increased when plants were exposed to pH lower than pH 6.5. Al addition caused a reduction in the con-centration of most nutrients in plant roots and shoots; but K, Mn and Zn in roots were increased. Treatments with Cd alone or together with Al reduced the concentrations of all the plant nutrients in plants. Al-sensitive genotype Zhechun 2 has lower nutrient concentration than Al-tolerant genotype Liao 1. The current findings imply that Al and Cd are synergistic in their effect on plant growth, physiological traits and nutrient uptake.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Low pH and aluminum reduced soybean root length, shoot height, dry weight, chlorophyll, and photosynthesis.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- low pH (4.0) and Al treatmentse0
- Outcome
- root length, shoot height, dry weighte0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The low pH (4.0) and Al treatments caused marked reduction in root length, shoot height, dry weight, chlorophyll content (SPAD value) and photosynthetic rate”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Zhechun 2 accumulated more aluminum and cadmium than Liao 1.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- Zhechun 2e0
- Outcome
- Al and Cd in plantse0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- Liao 1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Al-sensitive cv. Zhechun 2 accumulated comparatively more Al and Cd in plants than Al-tolerant cv. Liao 1”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
pH 4.0 significantly increased plant cadmium and aluminum concentrations relative to pH 6.5.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- pH 4.0e0
- Outcome
- Cd and Al concentration in plantse0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Comparator
- pH 6.5e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with pH 6.5, pH 4.0 resulted in significant increase in Cd and Al concentration in plants”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined cadmium and aluminum increased their accumulation in roots.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- Combined application of Cd and Ale0
- Outcome
- accu-mulation in rootse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Combined application of Cd and Al enhanced their accu-mulation in roots, but caused a reduction in shoots”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined cadmium and aluminum reduced their accumulation in shoots.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- shootse0
- Treatment
- Combined application of Cd and Ale0
- Outcome
- shootse0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Combined application of Cd and Al enhanced their accu-mulation in roots, but caused a reduction in shoots”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Lower pH increased concentrations of nutrients other than molybdenum.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- pH lower than pH 6.5e0
- Outcome
- concentrations of all 10 nutrientse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- except Moe0
- Comparator
- pH 6.5e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The concentrations of all 10 nutrients (P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn and B), except Mo were also increased when plants were exposed to pH lower than pH 6.5”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Aluminum reduced most nutrient concentrations in soybean roots and shoots.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Al additione0
- Outcome
- con-centration of most nutrients in plant roots and shootse0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Al addition caused a reduction in the con-centration of most nutrients in plant roots and shoots”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Aluminum increased potassium, manganese and zinc in roots.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Al additione0
- Outcome
- K, Mn and Zn in rootse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Al addition caused a reduction in the con-centration of most nutrients in plant roots and shoots; but K, Mn and Zn in roots were increased”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium alone or with aluminum reduced plant nutrient concentrations.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Cd alone or together with Ale0
- Outcome
- concentrations of all the plant nutrients in plantse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatments with Cd alone or together with Al reduced the concentrations of all the plant nutrients in plants”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Zhechun 2 had lower nutrient concentrations than Liao 1.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- Zhechun 2e0
- Outcome
- nutrient concentratione0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- Liao 1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Al-sensitive genotype Zhechun 2 has lower nutrient concentration than Al-tolerant genotype Liao 1”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors inferred synergy between aluminum and cadmium for growth, physiology and nutrient uptake.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Al and Cde0
- Outcome
- plant growth, physiological traits and nutrient uptakee0
- Qualifier
- synergistice0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Al and Cd are synergistic in their effect on plant growth, physiological traits and nutrient uptake”
t0“soybean”
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